Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli （EAEC） is recognized as a significant enteric pathogen associated with both acute and persistent diarrhea in infants， travelers， and immunocompromised individuals， posing a substantial disease burden particularly in developing countries. Due to the genetic heterogeneity of EAEC， internationally standardized protocols for its detection have yet to be established. Various screening strategies employed across regions pose a critical challenge to both the accurate assessment of disease burden and molecular epidemiological research. This paper systematically reviews the pathogenic mechanisms and widely recognized molecular biomarkers associated with EAEC. Furthermore， it compares the technical protocols and target genes used for EAEC detection in food matrices and clinical fecal specimens. The status of surveillance was also summarized. This review aims to provide a scientific basis and practical insights for the establishment and optimization of standardized EAEC detection protocols.