With the improvement of living standards and the increasing burden of chronic diseases， nutrition labeling plays an increasingly important role in safeguarding consumer’s right to know， guiding healthy dietary choices， and regulating the food industry. Based on the newly released General Rules for Nutrition Labeling of Prepackaged Foods （GB 28050—2025） in China and the established Republic of Korea nutrition labeling system， this paper systematic comparisons were made between China and Republic of Korea regarding their legislative foundations and institutional frameworks， as well as the scope of application and exemptions， nutrition facts panels， nutrition claims， protection for vulnerable population， and digital labeling innovations. The findings indicate that the Chinese system emphasizes uniformity and policy orientation， while the Republic of Korea system demonstrates flexibility and dynamic adaptability. The differences and complementarities between the two countries in nutrition labeling provide valuable insights for the future localization and optimization of labeling systems， corporate compliance support， public education， stakeholder engagement， and international harmonization.