Objective This study aimed to analyze data from active foodborne diseases surveillance in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2024， characterize the epidemiology and etiology of these diseases， and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods Epidemiological and clinical data along with stool specimens were collected from foodborne disease patients with diarrhea as the main complaint. The stool samples were detected for 5 pathogens such as. The data was analyzed with the χ2 test using SPSS 22.0.Results A total of 19 869 stool specimens were collected， with a detection rate of pathogens at 20.37%. The 0-9 age group and scattered children had both the highest number of reported cases and highest detection rate， with a peak in cases reporting in July. Detection rates of different pathogens differed significantly （χ2=2 983.212， P<0.05）.Conclusion The detection rate of pathogens in reported cases showed clear seasonal and population-distribution patterns. Targeted health education， enhanced sentinel hospital capacity， and full-process quality control were therefore recommended.