Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning in Shandong Province and provide evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze epidemiological data on poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents in Shandong Province reported through the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System” from 2012 to 2024.Results From 2012 to 2024， a total of 290 poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents were reported in Shandong Province， with 779 cases and 26 deaths， resulting in a case-fatality rate of 3.34%. Most poisoning incidents occurred between July and September （82.76%， 240/290）. Yantai， Weifang， and Weihai were high-incidence areas （56.21%， 163/290）. households were the main sites of outbreaks （98.62%， 286/290）. Most cases aged ≥20 years （89.86%， 700/779）， while most deaths aged ≥60 years （42.31%， 11/26）. Only 35 outbreaks （12.07%） could identify the specific mushroom species， mainly from the Amanitaceae， Boletaceae， and Lepiotaceae families.Conclusion Poisonous mushroom poisoning is a leading cause of death from foodborne diseases in Shandong Province. Before the high-incidence season， targeted public education emphasizing refraining from picking， purchasing， selling， or consuming wild mushrooms should be conducted in key areas and among key populations. Concurrently， there is an urgent need to enhance rapid mushroom identification capabilities to support timely clinical diagnosis and evidence-based treatment.