Under the guidance of the “Healthy China 2030” Outline， China is gradually promoting the development of food education. As a key means to improve the health literacy of the whole people and prevent chronic diseases， this paper compares and analyzes the food education models of Japan and the United States， explores their similarities and differences in policy formulation， education implementation and social participation， and provides a reference for the development of food education in China. The study found that Japan has established a comprehensive food education framework to promote cultural inheritance and social responsibility through systematic legislation； the United States has passed a series of bills to support the school lunch program， focusing on individual health management and behavior change， and solving health crises through precise intervention. Despite different paths， food education practices of the two countries have shown a positive impact on specific health indicators. China should speed up the legislative process， promote a deeper understanding of food education， build stronger coordination mechanisms， and prioritize talent training and technology empowerment， jointly build a food education system that conforms to national conditions， promote the implementation of policies， and provide solid theoretical and practical support for achieving the grand goal of a healthy China.