Abstract: Objective To explore the current status of Chinese residents' cognition and attitude behavior towards three dimensions: TCM health preservation theory, health claims of diet therapy, food and medicine homology substances, and to provide management countermeasures and suggestions for health claims of food and medicine homology substances under the culture of TCM for relevant departments in China. Methods According to the division of China's []economic regions by the National Bureau of Statistics, the sampling frame was prepared. Five provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) namely Beijing, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Heilongjiang were selected as the regions for the survey, The basic information of residents was analyzed by frequency, the status quo of residents' Cognition-Attitude in three dimensions（TCM health preservation theory, health claims of diet therapy, food and medicine homology substances）was analyzed by description, and the differences of residents in different regions were analyzed by Pearson's chi-squared test. Results 1183 valid questionnaires were completed in this survey. Residents have a certain understanding of following the natural cycles of the seasons, maintaining the balance of qi xue, body fluids, the five internal organs and six viscera, meridian Health Preservation. 99.2% of the residents believe that dietary care can achieve traditional Chinese health preservation methods. 78.36% of the residents believe that the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine for health preservation are good and very good. The residents selected the health claims with high frequency of the phrase "understanding the needs" as the "nourishing the liver", "strengthening the spleen", "nourishing the stomach" in the organ-based health claims, "replenishing qi", "replenishing blood", "strengthening the muscles and bones" in the health claims related to the circulation of qi, blood and fluids through meridians, and "drying up the dampness", "lowering the fire", and "cooling the heat" in the health claims for resisting external pathogenic factors. 94.33% of residents supported labeling food with TCM health claims, 88.16% of residents knew about food and medicine homology substances, 92.52% of the residents considered that the food and medicine homology substances should be clearly defined edible dose. Conclusion The construction of the health claim corpus for food and medicine homology substances should conform to the characteristics of TCM health preservation in our country, focus on the health claims that are highly demanded by the residents, promote their professional and standardized application, and facilitate the use of food and medicine homology substances in health management and market applications.