天津市市售动物性海产品中四种常见重金属含量分析及风险评
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天津市疾病预防控制中心

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天津市医学重点学科(TJYXZDXK-050A)


Analysis of four common heavy metals in animal seafood sold in Tianjin and risk assessment of dietary exposure
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Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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Key medical discipline in Tianjin(TJYXZDXK-050A)

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    摘要:

    目的 了解天津市市售动物性海产品中铅、镉、汞、砷4种重金属污染水平,并评估人群膳食摄入健康风险。方法 根据《国家食品污染物及有害因素风险监测工作手册》要求,2023年在天津市16区的超市、农贸市场采集市售动物性海产品384份,检测铅、镉、汞、砷4种重金属含量并采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、金属污染指数(MPI)进行污染程度评价,同时结合2022年天津市居民水产品膳食消费量,采用点评估模型对居民经动物性海产品暴露重金属的健康风险进行评估,并计算危害商。结果 4种重金属含量中位数(P50)依次为镉(0.061 mg/kg)、铅(0.022 mg/kg)、无机砷(0.008 mg/kg)、甲基汞(0.005 mg/kg)。仅镉元素超标,超标率为2.08%(8/384),超标样品品种为双壳贝类和海螃蟹。不同种类水产品污染程度不同,Pi评价结果显示海螃蟹存在铅、镉轻度污染、双壳贝类存在镉轻度污染,其余品种均处于正常背景水平;MPI评价结果显示4种重金属总体污染程度为海螃蟹>双壳贝类>海虾>海鱼。风险评估结果显示,4种重金属全人群的平均暴露量(EXP)范围为0.19-12.36 μg/kg bw,镉最高,无机砷最低;危害商(HQ)范围为0.002~0.49,均小于1。结论 天津市市售动物性海产品存在一定程度的铅、镉污染,但总体膳食暴露水平较低,食用安全性处于可接受范围。

    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate the pollution levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic in animal seafood sold in Tianjin and dietary exposure risk of people in Tianjin. Method According to the requirements of the national food contaminants and harmful factors risk monitoring manual, 384 representative samples of commercial animal seafood were collected in supermarkets and farmers' markets in 16 administrative regions of Tianjin in 2023. The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were detected according to the national standard detection method, and the pollution degree was evaluated by the single factor pollution evaluation index (Pi) and metal pollution index (MPI). Combined with residents dietary intake, the dietary exposure risk of 4 kinds of heavy metals were assessed by point assessment method. Results The median content of the four heavy metals (P50) was cadmium (0.061 mg/kg), lead (0.022 mg/kg), methylmercury (0.008 mg/kg), and inorganic arsenic (0.005 mg/kg), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Only cadmium exceeded the standard, with the exceeding rate of 2.08% (8/384), and the sample varieties exceeding the standard were bivalve shellfish and sea crab. The pollution levels of different aquatic products were different. Pi evaluation results showed that sea crabs had lead and cadmium pollution, and cadmium pollution in bivalve shellfish, while the other varieties were at the normal background level; MPI evaluation results showed that the overall pollution degree of 4 kinds of heavy metals was sea crabs> bivalve shellfish>sea shrimp>sea fish. Point assessment results showed that the average exposure (EXP) of the four heavy metals ranged from 0.19~12.36 μg/kg bw, with the highest cadmium and the lowest inorganic arsenic; the hazard quotient (HQ) range was 0.002~0.49, all less than 1. Conclusion There is a certain degree of lead and cadmium pollution in the municipal animal seafood sold in Tianjin, but the total dietary exposure level was low, and the edible safety was in the acceptable range. Key words: Tianjin; animal seafood,; heavy metals; risk assessment

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-17
  • 最后修改日期:2025-07-02
  • 录用日期:2025-07-09
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