威海市海产贝类和水体中4种食源性病毒的污染调查
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作者单位:

1.国家食品安全风险评估中心,国家卫生健康委员会食品安全风险评估重点实验室,中国医学科学院创新单元2019RU014,北京 100022;2.威海市疾病预防控制中心,山东 威海 264200;3.山东省疾病 预防控 制中心,山东 济南 250014

作者简介:

李楠 女 副研究员 研究方向为食源性病毒检测 E-mail:linan100041@cfsa.net.cn

通讯作者:

江涛 男 研究员 研究方向为食源性病毒检测 E-mail:jiangtao001@cfsa.net.cn

中图分类号:

R155

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1602703)


Survey on contaminations of four foodborne viruses in marine shellfish and water bodies in Weihai City
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Affiliation:

1.China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), Beijing 100022, China;2.Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Weihai 264200, China;3.Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Ji’nan 250014, China

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    摘要:

    目的 调查山东省威海市海产贝类及水体中4种重要食源性病毒的污染情况。方法 2020—2021年在威海市水产养殖场、农贸市场和污水处理厂采集新鲜贝类、海水和污水样本共360份。样本中病毒颗粒经富集浓缩提取后,采用实时荧光逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测4种病毒,即诺如病毒(NoV)、札如病毒(SaV)、甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)和戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)。结果 威海市海产贝类和水体中4种病毒的整体检出率为31.67%(114/360)。病毒的污染情况因样本类型而异,病毒检出率从高到低依次为污水>养殖海水>养殖贝类>零售贝类。每类样本中诺如病毒均是优势污染毒株,总体检出率达到27.78%(100/360),其次为札如病毒8.33%(30/360),甲型肝炎病毒3.61%(13/360)和戊型肝炎病毒1.39%(5/360)。样本中病毒污染具有明显的季节性,养殖贝类、零售贝类和污水中病毒检出率夏季最高,分别为53.33%、30%和100%,冬季或秋季最低;养殖海水中病毒冬季检出率最高为60%,夏季最低为6.67%。此外,26.32%(30/114)的阳性样本为2种(26份)或3种(4份)病毒的混合污染,2种病毒组合的出现频率NoV-SaV>NoV-HAV>NoV-HEV>SaV-HAV/SaV-HEV,3种病毒组合均为NoV-SaV-HAV;病毒混合污染检出率污水>养殖海水>养殖贝类>零售贝类。结论 威海市海产贝类及水体中存在食源性病毒污染的风险,污染具有季节性,多种病毒混合污染的问题值得关注。此外,应加强夏季海产贝类中食源性病毒的监测。

    Abstract:

    Objective To investigate the contamination of Norovirus (NoV), Sapovirus (SaV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in marine shellfish and water bodies in Shandong Province, Weihai City.Methods From December 2020 to November 2021, a total of 360 samples including fresh shellfish, seawater and sewage were collected from local aquaculture farm, retail markets and sewage treatment plant. After virus particle concentration, nucleic acids were extracted and detected by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for determination of NoV, SaV, HAV and HEV.Results The total positive rate of four viruses was 31.67% (114/360). The level of four viruses contamination varied depending on samples types, and the rank of positive rate for different sample types was sewage, sea water, farmed shellfish and retail shellfish in descending order. NoV was the dominant contaminating virus with the total detected rate of 27.78% (100/360), followed by SaV 8.33% (30/360), HAV 3.61% (13/360) and HEV 1.39% (5/360). The detection rate of the four foodborne viruses in samples varied with seasons, and it was the highest detection rate for farmed shellfish, retail shellfish and sewage in summer, with 53.33%, 30% and 100% respectively, and the lowest in autumn and winter. While for sea water, the highest detection rate for the four foodborne viruses was in winter (60%) and the lowest was in summer (6.67%). In addition, 26.32% (30/114) of the positive samples were mixed contamination with two (26 samples) or three (4 samples) viruses. The occurrence frequency of the two virus mixed combination was NoV-SaV, NoV-HAV, NoV-HEV, SaV-HAVand SaV-HEV in descending order, and the combination of three viruses was NOV-SAV-HAV. The rank of detection rate of viruses mixed contamination in different sample types was sewage, seawater, farmed shellfish and retail shellfish in descending order.Conclusion There was a risk of foodborne viruses contamination in marine shellfish and water bodies in Weihai, and the contamination was seasonal. The issue of viruses mixed contamination needs to be concerned. Additionally, monitoring of foodborne viruses in marine shellfish should be strengthened in Weihai in summer.

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李楠,苗婷婷,张华宁,韩小敏,张靖,张宏元,王佳慧,白莉,江涛.威海市海产贝类和水体中4种食源性病毒的污染调查[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2024,36(12):1359-1365.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-03-19
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