2021—2022年深圳鲜湿米粉生产销售全流程唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌污染调查分析
作者:
作者单位:

1.深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518101;2.南方医科大学深圳医院,广东 深圳 518101;3.深圳市福田区疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518017

作者简介:

雷蕾 女 副主任技师 研究方向为微生物检验 E-mail:412396202@qq.com

通讯作者:

赵凌国 男 主任技师 研究方向为卫生检验 E-mail:zhaolingguo2008@163.com

中图分类号:

R155

基金项目:

广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2021416);深圳市科技计划基础研究(JCYJ20220531093409021)


Investigation and analysis of Burkholderia gladioli contamination in the whole process of production and sales of fresh wet rice noodles
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Shenzhen Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Shenzhen 518101, China;2.Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Shenzhen 518101, China;3.Shenzhen Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Shenzhen 518017, China

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    摘要:

    目的 持续监测鲜湿米粉生产销售全流程唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌和米酵菌酸污染情况,分析造成污染的主要原因和来源。方法 2021年7月至2022年6月,选取3家米粉生产企业,按工艺流程跟踪采集所有原料、半成品、成品和环境样品,按照GB 4789.29—2020进行检验,并结合VITEK 2 Compact生化检测、PCR和MALDI-TOF MS技术进行菌种鉴定和聚类分析,采用液相色谱-质谱法检测样品、增菌液和产毒液中的米酵菌酸。结果 在22份食品类样品中分离鉴定出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌,食品类样品检出率为31.9%(22/69)。经过产毒培养,其中10株菌株产米酵菌酸。在67份环境类样品中,仅在米浆下浆管道内表面分离出1株唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌产毒株。检出率最高的样品类型依次为大米71.4%(10/14)、浸泡后大米66.7%(2/3)、销售端米粉50%(6/12)。按阳性样品的区域分布来看,原料储存区阳性样品数最多,占总阳性样品数43.5%(10/23),销售场所占26.1%(6/23),原料处理间占21.7%(5/23),包装间占8.7%(2/23),熟化蒸煮间无阳性样品检出。聚类分析结果显示,唯一的环境样品阳性菌株与同批次米浆阳性菌株高度同源。结论 大米污染可能是鲜湿粉生产企业污染的源头。产品的开放型包装和常温储运可能是唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌交叉污染、繁殖和产毒的重要原因。企业应将原料和其他生产车间有效分隔,防止成品受到二次污染,同时应加强对生产销售场所的清洁消毒,有效防控唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌污染的风险。

    Abstract:

    Objective To analyze the main causes and sources of contamination, the continuous monitoring of Burkholderia gladioli contamination in the whole process of fresh wet rice noodles production and sales was monitored.Methods Three rice noodle production enterprises were selected and all raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and environmental samples were collected according to the process. Strain identification and cluster analysis were performed according to GB 4789.29—2020 combined with VITEK 2 COMPACT biochemical detection, PCR, and MALDI-TOF MS techniques. The bongkrekic acid in food samples, environmental samples, the enrichment fluid and venom were detected by LC-MS/MS.Results Burkholderia gladioli was separated and identified in 22 food samples with a detection rate of 31.9% (22/69). After toxigenic culture, 10 strains produced bongkrekic acid. Among 67 environmental samples, only one Burkholderia gladioli toxic strain was isolated from the inner surface sample of the rice slurry pipeline. The samples with the top three detection rate were 71.4% (10/14) of rice, 66.7% (2/3) of soaked rice and 50% (6/12) of selling products. According to the regional distribution of positive samples, the raw material storage area accounted for 43.5% (10/23), sales place for 26.1% (6/23),raw material processing area for 21.7% (5/23), finished product packing area for 8.7% (2/23), and no positive samples were detected in hot-cure molding area. The cluster analysis showed that positive strain from the rice slurry pipeline were highly homologous to the strains from the same batch of rice slurry.Conclusion Rice may be the source of contamination in fresh wet rice noodles products enterprises. Open packaging and room temperature storage and transportation of products may be important reasons for cross-contamination, reproduction and toxicogenesis of Burkholderia gladioli. The raw materials should be separated from other production workshops to prevent the secondary pollution of the finished products. The cleaning and disinfection of the production and sales sites should be strengthened to effectively prevent and control the risk of Burkholderia gladioli contamination.

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雷蕾,赵凌国,孙健,陈清凉,马志锋,甄珍,刘勇,周海涛.2021—2022年深圳鲜湿米粉生产销售全流程唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌污染调查分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2024,36(6):699-706.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-18
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