The Burkholderia gladioli Pv. cocovenenans, along with its toxin, Bongkrekic acid, represents one of the deadliest pathogens causing foodborne illnesses in China. This review systematically compiles and summarizes the latest research progress on this pathogen and its toxin. It covers the classification characteristics, development of detection methods, chemical properties of the toxin, factors influencing toxin production, toxicity mechanisms, attributed foods, and prevention and control strategies. The study aims to enhance consumers awareness of food safety issue caused by B. cocovenenans, provide scientific reference for the food industry, regulatory agencies and consumers, as well as a scientific basis for preventing and controlling such food poisoning incidents.