Objective A method was developed to simultaneously determine chlorate and perchlorate in vegetables and fruits using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry （UPLC-Qtrap MS）.Methods The chlorate and perchlorate residues in samples were extracted using acetonitrile and water， and the supernatant was purified using GCB and PSA. The analytes were separated on a Waters Anionic Polar Pesticide （100 mm×2.1 mm， 5 μm） column using a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 20 mmol/L ammonium formate solution and detected using UPLC-Qtrap MS. The internal standard method was used for quantification.Results The linear relationship of chlorate and perchlorate ranged from 2.0-200 and 0.5-100 μg/L， with correlation coefficients >0.999. The limits of detection were 0.006 and 0.001 mg/kg. The recoveries in spiked samples ranged from 83.3%-105.5%， and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.97%-3.80%.Conclusion A rapid， simple， accurate， and precise method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of chlorate and perchlorate in vegetables and fruits.