Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning in China from 2005 to 2020， and provide scientific basis for prevention of fermented rice noodle poisoning.Methods Poisoning incidents of Burkholderia gladioli in China from 2005 to 2020 were collected， retrospective descriptive analysis was performed on the data related to the event， and statistical analysis was performed by Excel 2013 and SPSS 26.0 software.Results From 2005 to 2020， a total of 30 incidents of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning were reported in China with 188 cases and 85 deaths， and the fatality rate was 45.21%， major indidents accounted for 93.33% （28/30） of the total number of incidents， and the fatality rate was 53.13%. The main clinical manifestations were vomiting， abdominal pain， dizziness and diarrhea. It mainly occurred from May to September. Poisoning cases of Burkholderia gladioli were reported from 22 counties in seven provinces， mainly in the south， southwest and northeast of China. The incidences occurred in all age groups， and the fatality rate increased with age. The main poisoning foods were cereals and agaric. In cereal food， home-made fermented cereal products account for 80.0%. In south and southwest China， corn wrappers， glutinous corn dumplings and rice noodles were the main food， while in north China， sour corn noodle was the main food.Conclusion Burkholderia gladioli poisoning often draws the attention of the society because of its high fatality rate. Between 2005 and 2020， poisoning incidents caused by Burkholderia gladioli were reported in all years except the year of 2013， 2017 and 2019. The incident occurred mainly in rural areas， mainly in home-made fermented cereal food. In recent years， poisoning incidents caused by commercially available rice noodle occurred in urban areas， which should be paid attention seriously. Prevention of Burkholderia gladioli poisoning should mainly focus on food processing and food hygiene management， promoting scientific diet， and improving food safety awareness.