Objective Biomedical innovation has become the main battlefield of global science and technology competition， this paper is to explore the evaluation index system for biomedical innovation ability system， and to provide theoretical tools and new perspectives for the evaluation of biomedical innovation ability in China.Methods This article determines the key factors that affect biomedical innovation by literature investigation， Delphi expert consultation， normalization method based on expert score， principal component analysis and other methods.Results the evaluation index system of biomedical innovation ability in China was determined， including 6 primary indexes and 22 secondary indexes. The weight coefficients of each index level and the combined weight coefficients of specific evaluation indexes are obtained. At the same time， the current level results of China's biomedical innovation ability evaluation system are obtained.Conclusion This article establishes an index system for biomedical innovation capability， the current status of biomedical innovation system in China is evaluated， and it is found that the policy environment， the number of researchers and the investment of R&D institutions play an important role in the development of biomedical innovation capacity in China， and provides support for enhancing China's biomedical innovation capability.