Objective To study the application of the methodology of risk grading matrix and the health risk grading of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in the shellfish seafood of the residents in coastal areas of China. Methods Using shellfish seafood consumption and pollution data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the severity of harm (5-point scale) and the probability of disease occurrence (5-point scale) parameters were calculated, and the risk grading model matrix was imported. The population health risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is assigned and graded. Results The average risk score of Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne disease per meal for the whole population and shellfish seafood consumers in coastal areas of China was 6 points, which was of low risk, while the risk score of the raw shellfish seafood product population was10 points, which was of moderate risk. Conclusion The risk grading matrix method is an effective semi-quantitative risk assessment method, and further optimization can provide a reference for Chinese food safety risk grading management.