Objective In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Lactarius in Qiandongnan of Guizhou, and provid the basis for the identification of wild fungi in foodborne wild mushroom poisoning. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Lactarius in Qiandongnan of Guizhou, and provid the basis for the identification of wild fungi in food borne wild mushroom poisoning. Methods The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(rDNA-ITS) gene sequences were used for identification. The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(rDNA-ITS) gene sequences were used for identification.Results It was clear that there were 3 main kinds of Lactarius in the markets. The samples of indigo, amaranth and aurantius were identified as Lactarius vividus, Lactarius hatsudake and Lactarius subindigo based on morphological features. Then ITS gene sequence phylogenetic trees for the 34 fungi strains were divided into two branches, the Lactarius and other toxic fungi of the affinis species were distinguished. The TL1 and Lactarius subindig, TZ1 and Lactarius hatsudake, TH1 and Lactarius vividus were clustered into one group respectively, which were consistent with morphological identification results. It was clear that there were 3 kinds of Lactarius in the main trade. The samples of indigo, amaranth and aurantius were identified as L. vividus, L. hatsudake and L. subindigo based on morphological features. Then ITS gene sequence phylogenetic trees for the 34 fungi strains were divided into two branches, the Lactarius and other toxic fungi of the affinis species were distinguished. The TL1 and L. subindig, TZ1 and L. hatsudake, TH1 and L. vividus were clustered into one group respectively, which were consistent with morphological identification result . Conclusion The main species of Lactarius in Qiandongnan were the Lactarius hatsudake and Lactarius vividus, which were the same as another Lactarius in Guiyang. Among the Lactarius species, TL1 was identified as Lactarius subindigo, this was the first case reported in Guizhou. The main trade species of Lactarius in Qiandongnan were the L. hatsudake and L. vividus, which were the same as another Lactarius in Guiyang. Among the Lactarius species, TL1 was identified as L. subindigo, this was the first case reported in Guizhou.