美国FDA食品召回分析及提示——以2019年为证
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(国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京 100022)

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高秀芬 女 助理研究员 研究方向为营养与食品安全学 E-mail:gaofen5220@163.com

通讯作者:

杨大进 男 研究员 研究方向为营养与食品安全学 E-mail:yangdajin@cfsa.net.cn

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国家重点研发计划(编号2017YFC1601503)


Food recalls in America regulated by FDA in 2019
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(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China)

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    摘要:

    目的 研究美国FDA食品召回现状,为我国开展相应工作提供可借鉴的经验。方法 从FDA官方网站收集2019年食品召回信息,对数据进行筛选、整理,用EXCEL 2013进行数据分析。结果 从2019年FDA发布的每周执法报告中收集到的有效数据,共涉及461起召回事件和1 734种次召回食品。约60%的召回属于Ⅱ级,Ⅰ级大约占1/3,Ⅲ级最少。召回食品中,奶类最多,共310种次,占17.88%。召回原因中,微生物污染最多,占召回食品的37.89%、召回事件的31.45%。未标明过敏原导致的召回事件最多,占35.01%,但召回食品仅占18.40%。过程不当召回事件仅为3.47%,召回食品却高达24.63%。99%以上的事件和食品是企业自主召回,只有4起由FDA强制召回。结论 美国食品召回体系运行高效。FDA统一发布召回信息,方便公众查询和参与。过程不当召回事件少但召回量大,充分显示了生产过程监管的高效性。企业具有很强的安全责任意识,绝大多数召回由企业主动实施。我国的食品安全管理和召回工作,要进一步落实信息发布和交流,提高公众的参与度;努力转变终产品监管模式,发挥过程监管的作用;完善监督管理机制,努力提高企业的食品安全责任意识。

    Abstract:

    Objective To study the implementation of food recalls managed by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and explore experiences for the food recalling in Chinaour country. Methods Food recall information was collected from FDA website. The information was analyzed by EXCEL 2013. Results Information including 461 recall events and 1734 types of food were obtained from the weekly enforcement reports in 2019. Sixty percent of the recalls were class Ⅱ. About one third of recalls were class Ⅰ. Milk products were the most frequently recalled food, accounted for consisting of 17.88% of the total recalling food. Microbiology contamination was the main recall reason, resultsing in 31.45% of recall events and 37.89% of recall food types. Not notifying allergen was responsible for 35.01% of the recall events, which was the highest proportion among the reasons. The proportion of recall food types caused by not notifying allergen was only 18.40%. Inappropriate proceeding resulted in 3.47% of recall events and 24.63% of recall food types, respectively. More than 99% of the recalls were carried voluntarily by food firms except 4 mandatory recalls by FDA. Conclusion Food recall is implemented efficiently in America. FDA publishes food recall information and makes it easily obtainable to public. Manufacture process monitoring is a high efficiency food safety managing measure. Food firms have strong conscientiousness to recall defective food voluntarily. It’s important to promote the participation of the public, transfer the traditional end-product managing model, and cultivate the conscientiousness of the firms for the implementation of food recall in China.

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高秀芬,杨大进.美国FDA食品召回分析及提示——以2019年为证[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2021,33(3):356-360.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-30
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