The risk assessment and risk management of new substances in food contact materials (FCMs) are of great significance for ensuring food safety and promoting industry innovation. This study compares the advantages and disadvantages of FCMs risk management institutions, regulatory framework, raw material management mode and risk assessment of new substances to be used in FCMs in China and the EU, sorts out the strengths of the EU mode, and makes recommendations for optimizing the risk assessment and risk management mode of new substances to be used in FCMs in China.