Objective To describe the burden of disease in Hunan Province caused by mushroom poisoning, and provide evidence basis for the management of heath resources. Methods Throughout 2016, in Hunan Province, questionnaire survey for burden of disease involving mushroom poisoning patients was conducted along with field investigations. Results Two hundred and thirty-two individuals who went to hospital after consuming poisonous mushrooms in 2016 were surveyed, and the financial cost added up to ￥998 889 (￥4 306 on average), consisting of ￥959 658 of direct financial burden and ￥39 231of indirect financial burden. Conclusion The financial burden of disease for poisonous mushrooms in Hunan Province in 2016 was ￥4 306 on average. It was estimated that for 1 632 cases recorded by the provincial foodborne disease surveillance system in 2016, the total financial burden of disease was ￥7 027 392.