Objective To offer a guideline to the surveillance and prevention of Listeriosis in China，by analyzing and comparing the epidemic characteristics，national surveillance methods，control and prevent strategies of Listeriosis in various nations. Method Comparative study and analysis of the literatures associated with Listeriosis worldwide. Results Listeriosis had become a notifiable disease in most countries of Europe and the United States. The incidence of Listeriosis increased in Europe，while decreased in the United States. The discovery of a Listeriosis outbreak depended on case reports，typing and comparing of the human isolates. Risk foods，transmission routes and other epidemiological data could be obtained through outbreak investigations. Conclusion Only when listeriosis became a notifiable disease，only when the hospital strains isolated from patients submitted to the public health laboratory，only when the laboratory-confirmed cases were epidemiologically investigated，we could attain the epidemic characteristics of listeriosis，and the pointed prevention and control measures.