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ZHANG Zilei, LIU Danlei, WANG Zhiyi, XU Jiaqi, GUO Zeyu, XUE Liang
2025,37(8):691-698, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.001
Abstract:
Objective To provide data support for infectious mechanism and microecological intervention strategies， the structural and functional alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with norovirus associated diarrhea was investigated and the potential microbial biomarkers was screened.Methods Microbiota structure and expression from fecal samples from 55 in 2018 norovirus-infected patients and 15 healthy controls were subjected to metatranscriptomic sequencing. Microbial community differences were assessed using principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Differential taxa were identified by LEfSe and Wilcoxon rank-sum test， and a random forest model was constructed to screen for potential diagnostic microbial biomarkers.Results Norovirus infection significantly altered gut microbial composition and expression profiles. Enriched taxa in the infection group included Bacteroidota， Bacillota， Actinomycetota at the phylum level and Faecalibacterium， Bacteroides， Alistipes at the genus level. A random forest model based on genus-level abundances identified seven key genera with strong predictive performance （AUC=0.88）.Conclusion Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that norovirus infection induces notable shifts in gut microbiota structure and function. Several enriched genera may serve as potential microbial biomarkers for norovirus infection， offering insights into microecological diagnostics and intervention strategies.
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CHEN Yufeng, JIAO Jilong, YUE Xueyao, HOU Jun, YU Peng, BO Zhijian
2025,37(8):699-706, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.002
Abstract:
Objective To understand the genomic characteristics and drug resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus （VP） isolated in Dalian City， and provide necessary data support for VP molecular tracing， virulence gene analysis， and drug resistance mechanism research.Methods This study conducted whole genome sequencing and drug sensitivity tests on 96 strains of VP isolated in Dalian City in 2023. The whole genome sequencing datas were assembled using the Beijing Micro Future Pathogenic Microbial Information Analysis System. The assembled genome sequences were subjected to MLST， cgMLST， and cgSNP analysis. Virulence genes and drug resistance genes were also analyzed， and a comparative analysis of drug resistance genes and phenotypes was conducted.Results Ninty-six strains of VP were divided into 9 ST types， with ST3 being the most prevalent.The 96 strains of VP were classified into 96 cgMLST and cgSNP types， exhibiting rich genetic diversity. Ninty-six strains of VP carried a large number of virulence genes， with a total of 16 virulence genes showing differences （χ2=72.004， P<0.001）， and each strain carried at least 11 virulence genes. A total of 19 drug resistance genes showing differences （χ2=1539.1， P<0.001）， with the highest carriage rates of CARB， CRP， and tet（35） genes， all at 98.96%； the carriage rates of other drug resistance genes were 1.04%. The resistance rates to ampicillin and colistin were high， at 57.29% and 46.88% respectively， and the sensitivity to streptomycin decreased， with an intermediate rate of 53.13%. Only 4 strains were multidrug-resistant.Conclusions The 96 strains of VP isolated in Dalian City in 2023 exhibit genetic diversity， and carry virulence genes and drug resistance genes， showing resistance to ampicillin and colistin. This study also demonstrated that whole genome sequencing technology can provide necessary data support for molecular tracing， virulence gene analysis and drug resistance mechanism research of pathogenic bacteria.
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QIAO Changsheng, WANG Rui, NIU Sisi, HUANG Dan
2025,37(8):707-714, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.003
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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety of chitosan oligosaccharide-taurine aqueous solution for consumption and its effect on the immune function of mice.Methods Safety was evaluated through acute toxicity tests， a 28-day feeding toxicity study， and genotoxicity experiments. The immunomodulatory effects were determined by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH）， lymphocyte proliferation capacity， hemolytic plaque count， serum hemolysin levels， monocyte-macrophage function， and NK cell activity.Results The acute toxicity test demonstrated that the LD50 of a 3× concentrated chitosan oligosaccharide-taurine aqueous solution was greater than 30 000 mg/（kg·BW） （calculated by the amount of oral solution） in both female and male rat. According to acute toxicity classification standards， the sample is considered practically non-toxic. The 28-day feeding study revealed no adverse effects on general condition， body weight， food utilization， organ weight， or organ coefficients in any dose group. No abnormal ocular changes were observed. Urinalysis， hematological， and biochemical indicators all fell within normal ranges. Histopathological examination of organs showed no abnormalities related to the test substance. Genotoxicity tests， including the Ames test， mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay， and mouse spermatocyte chromosomal aberration test， all yielded negative results， indicating no mutagenic or teratogenic effects. The functional study results showed that after 30 days of oral administration at doses of 2.5， 5.0， and 10.0 mL/（kg·BW·d）， the chitosan oligosaccharide-taurine aqueous solution had no significant effects on mouse body weight or organ/body weight ratios.Compared with the negative control group， there were significant differences （P<0.05 or P<0.01） in the degree of toe swelling and the number of hemolytic plaques in the medium and high dose groups of mice， indicating that both the cellular and humoral immune test results of mice were positive；The results for monocyte-macrophage function and NK cell activity were negative.Conclusion This study demonstrates that the chitosan oligosaccharide-taurine aqueous solution exhibits a good safety profile and can modulate immune function in mice.Qbjective This study aimed to evaluate the safety of chitosan oligosaccharide-taurine aqueous solution for consumption and its effect on the immune function of mice.
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LIU Guangchen, WANG Qingge, ZHANG Lei, LI Jingguang
2025,37(8):715-721, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.004
Abstract:
Objective To establish the first method for the simultaneous determination of 11 p-phenylenediamine antioxidants （PPDs） and their oxidation products in milk by solid-phase extraction （SPE） coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）.Methods A 2.00 g milk sample was weighed， freeze-dried， and extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile. The mixture was shaken， then centrifuged at low temperature. The supernatant was purified using an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction column. The combined sample and purified liquid were evaporated under nitrogen and resuspended for injection and analysis. Chromatographic separation was performed using a gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The analysis was carried out on a WATERS ACQUITY BEH C18 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm）. Detection was conducted in positive ion electrospray ionization （ESI+） multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode， and quantification was achieved using the internal standard method.Results The correlation coefficients （R2） for all 11 PPDs and their oxidation products were greater than 0.990 within the concentration range of 0.1-50 μg/L. The method detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.152 μg/kg， and the quantification limits ranged from 0.013 to 0.507 μg/kg. Recovery rates for three different spiked concentrations ranged from 84.4% to 121.9%， with good intra-day and inter-day precision （RSD<14%）. When applied to 28 milk samples from different countries and regions， the detection rate for 6PPD was the highest， with positive concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.27 μg/kg. The detection rate for DTPD was 39%， with positive concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 0.79 μg/kg， and only two samples had 6PPD-Q concentrations above the limit of quantification.Conclusion This method demonstrates excellent sensitivity， accuracy， and precision， making it suitable for detecting p-phenylenediamine-based antioxidants and their oxidation products in milk samples.
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DONG Xinfeng, FENG Pei, WU Mingjun, ZHAO Wei, MA Ling
2025,37(8):722-728, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.005
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Objective A method for the determination of PAH8 in fried oil for churros was developed by modified SPE-GC/MS.Methods The target analytes in samples were saponified by KOH/Ethanol， extracted with n-hexane and cleaned-up by solid phase extraction column， detected by GC-MS.Results The method shows satisfactory linearity （R>0.99） over the range assayed （10-250 ng/mL）， and the limits of detection （LODs） range from 0.10-0.20 μg/kg， the limits of quantitation （LOQs） range from 0.35-0.70 μg/kg. The recoveries varied from 70.1% to 110.7% with relative standard deviation （RSDs） of 3.6% to 10.9% at spiked 3 levels. All PAH8 were detected in 180 samples. 4 benzo ［α］ pyrene was detected in 90 oil samples， the most detection rates of PAH8 was Chrysene （32.2%）， and the highest mean concentration of PAH8 was 12.7 μg/kg for Chrysene. In 90 fried oil， 21 samples were detected benzo ［α］ pyrene ， and Chrysene was the most detection rates of PAH8， accounting for 50.0%， the highest content was 32.4 μg/kg for benzo ［a］ anthracene.Conclusion The method has the characteristics of high sensitivity， low detection limit and good precision， and is suitable for rapid and accurate quantitative detection of PAH8 in Fried oil for churros.
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LAN Hongjun, WU Xuemei, FENG Yaoji, LI Shaoying, CHEN Zhenming, LI Pengbin
2025,37(8):729-734, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.006
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Objective To establish a method for determining methanol in urine， blood and wine during emergency scenarios using headspace gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method was applied to samples obtained from a poisoning incident to identify the source of intoxication； thereby providing a validated analytical approach for laboratory detection to support the prevention of similar incidents.Methods The appropriate amount of samples was added into a 20 mL headspace vial， equilibrated at 70 ℃ for 15 min， separated by capillary column DB-FFAP，quantitatively detected by gas chromatography（hydrogen flame ionization detector； and separated by capillary column DB-5MS， qualitatively detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results The methanol showed good linearity in the range of 1.58-506.88 μg/mL， the correlation coefficient r was 0.999 6， the detection limit was calculated with S/N as 3， and the quantitative limit was calculated with S/N as 10. The detection limit and quantitative limit of methanol in urine and wine were 0.53 and 1.58 μg/mL， the detection limit and quantitative limit of methanol in the blood were 2.64 and 7.92 μg/mL， and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of methanol in urine and wine were 1.6%-2.3% （n=7） and 3.7%-6.7% （n=7）， the RSD of methanol in the blood is 2.8%-3.0% （n=7）.The recoveries of three levels of spiking in urine， alcohol and blood were 98.4%-111.0%， 83.1%-86.0% and 91.9%-98.9%（n=7）.The concentration of methanol in the blood was 788.0 μg/mL， the concentration of methanol in the urine was 66.4 μg/mL， the concentration of methanol in the liquid of unknown residence was 542 000.0 μg/mL， and the concentration of methanol in the remaining self-made wine was 71 225.0 μg/mL. The blood methanol content of the patient was higher than the urine. The concentration of methanol in bulk wine in surrounding shops was lower than the national standard limit.Conclusion The methanol detection method established in our laboratory has the characteristics of rapid and high sensitivity， and can be used for the qualitatively and quantitatively determination of methanol in various samples of methanol poisoning event， this poisoning event was caused by methanol.
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YANG Xin, YAN Zhaofeng, PAN Feng, GUO Yuan, HUANG Changgang, SHAO Yi, YANG Dajin
2025,37(8):735-741, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.007
Abstract:
Objective To investigate occurrence of alternaria toxins various food marketed in China， and to evaluate dietary exposure and their potential health risks.Methods A total of 7 694 samples of 11 types foods， including wheat flour， bread， and tomato sauce and so on， were randomly collected in 14 Provinces including He’nan ， Heilongjiang， and Hubei Province and so on. Those samples analyzed for alternariol（AOH）， alternariol monomethyl ether（AME）， tenuazonic acid（TeA） and tentoxin（TEN） by isotope dilution-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the survey of dietary consumption of residents in China， and dietary exposure of alternaria toxin was calculated by point estimate model. Comparison between dietary exposure and toxicological threshold of concern（TTC） recommended by European Food Safety Authority （EFSA）， those were used to evaluate the health risks.Results The occurrence of alternaria toxin in wheat flour and tomato sauce was higher than 95%， the average concentration （118 μg/kg） in tomato sauce was the highest. The detection rate （6.05%） and average concentration （0.07 μg/kg） in tomato were the lowest. The most frequently found alternaria toxin was TeA（68%）.The average daily exposure of AOH， AME， TeA and TEN in Chinese general population was 3.67，4.39，139 and 25.1 ng/（kg·BW/d）， respectively.Conclusion There are commonly contaminated with alternaria toxin in wheat flour， wheat-based products and tomato sauce. The health risk of dietary intake of TeA and TEN was low. There was a certain chronic toxicity risk associated with long-term low-dose exposure to AOH and AME， wheat flour and its products were the main contribution foods. The average exposure levels of TeA and TEN did not exceed their respective TTC values， while the average exposure levels of AOH and AME exceeded their respective TTC values， thus the chronic toxicity risks of these two substances need to be paid attention to. As TTC is a highly conservative screening assessment， further evaluation is required after the toxicological data is complete.
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LI Chunyu, JIA Haixian, WANG Zheng, SUN Kaiqi, SHA Boyu, DUAN Jiali, MA Xiaochen
2025,37(8):742-747, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.008
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Objective The article takes a cheese snack heavy metal pollution investigation as a demonstration study， and applies the hazard analysis and critical control point （HACCP） system to conduct a traceability analysis of the cheese snack production process， identifying critical control points and critical limits， establishing investigations for critical control points， and thus finding the source of pollution. It also proposes preventive and control measures， providing a basis for similar food safety incidents prevention and disposal.Methods A total of 55 dried cheese samples were randomly selected in Beijing. The contents of arsenic， lead， mercury， chromium， cadmium and nickel in dried cheese were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and using the principles of the HACCP system to analyze sources of hazards.Results The qualified rate of lead and arsenic was 100%. The detection rate of cadmium was 0.0%， which was lower than the detection limit. The detected values of chromium and nickel were higher， with average values of 25.367 and 13.320 mg/kg， respectively. According to the analysis of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method the comprehensive pollution index of chromium and nickel is much higher than 3.0， and the pollution is classified as severe pollution according to the degree of pollution， and the pollution degree is quite serious. According to the principle of HACCP， the pollution source of chromium and nickel is analyzed as a metal shaft in the production container， which has been used for a long time， leading to aging and serious dissolution of chromium and nickel， and the detection result is normal after replacement.Conclusion By establishing a HACCP system or formulating local food safety standards with local characteristics to regulate the production of enterprises and provide a basis for supervision， according to the characteristics of food production in the region to develop the corresponding risk monitoring plan， or establish a regional risk assessment database， identify and control risks immediately.
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OUYANG Yuna, DAI Mingxu, WANG Ziru, QU Zhixuan, MEI Bo, ZHU Tengfei, ZHOU Yanfeng, XING Yuyang, CHEN Xiaofang, SUN Jinli
2025,37(8):748-755, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.009
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Objective To investigate the age-related differences in risk cognition and safety behavioral practices regarding bongkrekic acid contamination in long-term fermented and soaked foods.Methods Residents from Hu’nan， Anhui， Ningxia， Shanghai， and other areas were selected as study subjects using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Participants were divided into four age groups： minors （<18 years）， young adults （18~29 years）， middle-aged adults （30~49 years）， and elderly adults （≥50 years）. Data were collected through online and offline questionnaires and analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The study focused on examining differences between age groups regarding exposure to long-fermented and soaked foods， consumption frequency， symptom responses， and food safety behavioral practices. It also assessed the level of risk awareness， risk perception， and behavioral differences concerning bongkrekic acid among the groups.Results The study revealed differences in exposure rates to fermented rice/noodle products， tremella fungus （silver ear fungus）， wood ear fungus， and potato-based products among the different age groups， with significant differences for potato-based products （P<0.05）. The young adult group （18~29 years） had the highest proportion reporting high-frequency consumption （>3 times/month）， significantly higher than other groups （P<0.05）. Regarding symptom management after consumption， the minor group （<18 years） had the highest rate of self-medication， with significant differences between groups （P<0.05）. In terms of food safety behavioral practices， the minor group （<18 years） had the highest execution rate for “checking production dates，” while the elderly group （≥50 years） had the lowest. The middle-aged group （30~49 years） had the highest execution rate for “controlling soaking time” （all P<0.05）. Regarding awareness of bongkrekic acid poisoning incidents， the elderly group （≥50 years） showed the highest level of concern， while the young adult group （18~29 years） showed the lowest （P<0.001）. The overall awareness rate of bongkrekic acid among all respondents was only 16.9%.Conclusion Significant differences exist in food safety awareness and behavioral practices among different age groups： the minor group （<18 years） had overall lower awareness levels of bongkrekic acid and lower competency in food safety practices； the young adult group （18~29 years） exhibited a “high exposure - low awareness” paradox； the middle-aged group （30~49 years） performed well in operational standards but had the lowest mastery of first-aid knowledge； the elderly group （≥50 years） faced higher symptom risks but had limited scientific responses. These findings advocate for stratified food safety policies tailored to age-specific cognitive and behavioral patterns， alongside targeted public education to mitigate bongkrekic acid poisoning risks.
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ZHANG Ling, ZHANG Peihua, WANG Qian, LIU Guidan, YANG Ji, DENG Jianping, XIONG Yanwen, ZHANG Zhengdong, YANG Xi
2025,37(8):756-762, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.010
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli （STEC） in goat’s feace， breeding environments， and retail raw mutton in Zigong， Sichuan Province， and to provide support for risk assessment， traceability investigation， and scientific prevention and control strategies for STEC infections.Methods Samples of goat feces， farm environment sewage， and retail raw mutton were collected from four districts and two counties in Zigong for STEC isolation. Whole genome sequencing was performed， and multilocus sequence typing （MLST）， serotyping， Shiga toxin subtyping， antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed， and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism （cgSNP） phylogenetic analysis were conducted based on the whole genome sequences.Results From May to July 2024， a total of 466 samples were collected， and 74 STEC strains were isolated， including 67 from goat feces （67/431， 15.55%）， 4 from environmental sewage （4/6， 66.67%）， and 3 from raw mutton （3/29， 10.34%）. The 74 STEC strains were classified into 20 different serotypes， 21 MLST types， and 5 Shiga toxin subtypes. Sixty-four （64/74， 86.49%） strains carried more than 5 antibiotic resistance genes. cgSNP phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains of serotypes O38：H26 and O12：H25 persisted in goats across different regions of Zigong and showed high genetic relatedness with strains from the environment and raw mutton.Conclusion The high carriage rate of STEC in goats in Zigong， along with the diverse molecular characteristics of the strains， indicates potential transmission pathways through environmental contamination and raw mutton. The potential risk of human infection should be closely monitored.
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LIU Hui, ZENG Lihua, LI Hao, ZHOU Weiguang, CHENG Tao, FENG Ping
2025,37(8):763-771, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.011
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The Chinese food contact materials and products industry is rapidly developing， and the scale of international trade is continuously expanding. The purpose of the study is to better respond to technical barriers to trade for international food contact materials and avoid compliance issues. Building on the analysis of the contents of international technical barriers to trade notifications on food contact materials， a standard system for responding to technical barriers to trade on food contact materials and products is developed across basic standards， management standards， and industry applications. Moreover， specific directions for standard development are proposed. Technical barriers to trade on international food contact materials show trends including the increasing number of notifications and notify member state， developing countries as the main notify member state， a focus on tableware products in notifications， and a shift from voluntary measures to mandatory regulations. China needs to establish a standard system to assist in responding to technical barriers to trade for food contact materials and products through standardized means. In the context of globalization， it is imperative to establish a standard system for responding to technical barriers to trade on food contact materials and products. China should vigorously promote the development of standardization with the aim of guiding and supporting China’s food contact materials and products industry in engaging in compliant international trade， enhancing product quality and safety， and enabling the industry to excel in global competition.
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ZHAO Yu, WANG Yaqin, ZHANG Xueyuan
2025,37(8):772-777, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.012
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Nutrition labels on food products serve as a fundamental basis for consumers’ health-related decisions， with their scientific accuracy directly influencing public health. This study involves a comprehensive collection and analysis of the Codex Alimentarius Commission’s standards， as well as relevant laws， regulations， and standards from the United States， the European Union， Japan， Singapore， Australia， and New Zealand， all within the context of China’s food nutrition labeling management system. The focus is on comparing and contrasting each country’s management frameworks for general food nutrition labeling， nutritional information panels， health claims regulations， and the promotion of Front-of-Package （FOP） labeling.?Through a comparative analysis of domestic and international policies， and considering China’s national conditions， this study proposes optimization recommendations from three key perspectives： the diversity of policy dissemination channels， the flexibility in managing health claims， and the intensity of FOP labeling promotion. The aim is to provide cross-regional experiential references for enhancing China’s general food labeling management system and to support the implementation of the “Healthy China” strategy.
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HEI Shuangshuang, MA Kai, ZHOU Yijing, HUO Xiang
2025,37(8):778-785, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.013
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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2022 and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these characteristics.Methods Collect data of active surveillance of foodborne diseases from 2018 to 2022 in Jiangsu Province and use descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results From 2018 to 2022， a total of 1 268 cases of foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in Jiangsu Province， with an overall detection rate of 2.15% （1 268/58 918）. The detection rate during the pandemic period （1.66%， 585/35 280） was significantly lower than before the pandemic （2.89%， 683/23 638） （χ2=101.897， P<0.001）. The most common clinical symptom was watery diarrhea （80.52%）. During the pandemic， the proportions of symptoms such as nausea， vomiting， and abdominal pain have significantly decreased compared to before the pandemic. Specifically， the proportions decreased from 54.03% to 41.54% for nausea， from 48.90% to 42.56% for vomiting， and from 64.28% to 49.74% for abdominal pain. There was a seasonal increase in the incidence of cases from July to September（73.42%）. The detection rate in the central part of Jiangsu decreased the most during the pandemic period （χ2=86.833， P<0.001）， dropping from 3.06% to 0.57% .The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in female cases was higher than in male cases， especially during the pandemic period （1.92%， 1.43%， χ2=12.860， P<0.001）.Before the pandemic， the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in cases aged from 19 to 39 was the highest （4.25%， 353/8 314）. Specifically， the positive detection rates among farmers， migrant workers， and industrial workers significantly declined from 3.47% to 0.93% （χ2=83.098， P<0.001）. Similarly， the detection rates among individuals engaged in the catering， food， and commercial service industries also decreased from 5.30% to 2.29% （χ2=13.197， P<0.001）.During the COVID-19 pandemic， the detection rates of cases associated with various food categories decreased. Specifically， the detection rate in cases exposed to aquatic animals and their products decreased from 6.42% to 3.61% （χ2=18.272， P<0.001）， and the detection rate in cases related to meat and meat products decreased from 3.87% to 1.76%（χ2=43.056， P<0.001） .Conclusion From 2018 to 2022， the number and detection rate of foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Jiangsu Province generally showed a downward trend， and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This trend has positive implications for public health security， reflecting the effectiveness of public health measures and providing important references for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in the future.
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WU Xiao, XU Ze, ZHAO Jian, SUN Yongye, CAO Pei, ZHANG Lei
2025,37(8):786-796, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.08.014
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Objective To explore the research progress of ciguatoxin， understand the current research status and development trends both domestically and internationally.Methods Based on the Web of Science （WoS） core collection database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） ciguatoxin research literature， CiteSpace 6.3.1 software was used to construct a visual scientific knowledge map for bibliometric analysis.Results The overall number of studies on ciguatoxin both domestically and internationally shows a fluctuating trend every year. The main research teams abroad come from universities and research institutes in Japan， the United States， and other countries. Countries such as Australia and France play an important linking role. Within China， the leading research entities include universities and research institutes such as Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Guangdong University of Technology. Domestic and foreign researchers mostly conduct group research， although inter-group collaboration within China remains somewhat limited. As research into ciguatoxin advances， the research hotspots have changed accordingly， including dinoflagellates， ciguatoxin poisoning， gene regulation， and so on.Conclusion This study provides a reference basis for understanding the current status and development trends of ciguatoxin research.
Volume 37,2025 Issue 8
Study Reports
Experimental Technique and Method
Risk Assessment
Risk Monitoring
风险交流
Investigation
Food Safety Standard and Administration
Applied Nutrition
Foodborn Disease
Review
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Study on the species-level distribution and antibiotics resistance of Cronobacter strains isolated from condiments and cereal-based foods across 19 provinces in China
Zheng Jie Ying, Zhao Jian Yun, Wu Wei Liang, Bai Li, Gan Xin
Abstract:
Abstract: Objective Explored the species-level distribution and antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter isolates from condiments and cereal-based foods in China, and provided data support for analyzing the epidemiological patterns and risk assessment of Cronobacter in these foods. Methods Analyzed the fusA gene of 457 Cronobacter isolates from food samples in 2022 by using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. And randomly selected isolates for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results The 457 Cronobacter isolates covered six species, of which Cronobacter sakazakii accounted for 72.65% (332/457) and Cronobacter malonaticus accounted for 16.19% (74/457). Specifically, resistance to cefazolin was 46.24% (43/93), while resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was each 1.08% (1/93). The gene cluster analysis of fusA showed that there was a correlation between Cronobacter species and antibiotic resistance. Conclusion In this study, the major species of Cronobacter isolates from condiments and cereal-based foods in China were C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus. The antibiotic resistance results showed that Cronobacter had a high resistance rate to cefazolin, and the cefazolin resistance was different among different species.
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Advances on the Safety and Functional Properties of L-Ergothioneine
ZHANG Weichunbai, MA Xiaochen, SONG Yan
Abstract:
L-Ergothioneine (L-EGT), a histidine-derived compound widely present in edible mushrooms, certain legumes, and animal offal, is an exogenous nutrient that cannot be endogenously synthesized in humans and must be obtained through dietary intake. In 2016, L-EGT was approved as a novel food ingredient by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and is regulated as "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) in the United States. This systematic literature review comprehensively summarizes current research on its safety and functional efficacy. Regarding safety evaluation, L-EGT has demonstrated favorable safety profiles across various toxicological assessments including acute, subacute, subchronic, chronic, reproductive/developmental, and genotoxicity studies in animal models, as well as human clinical trials, with a chronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) established at 800 mg/kg body weight. Functionally, L-EGT exhibits multiple significant biological activities, including cognitive function improvement, metabolic disorder regulation, organ toxicity mitigation, skin-whitening and anti-aging effects, reproductive and developmental function enhancement, as well as skeletal health and exercise performance promotion. Additionally, it demonstrates potential biological roles in tumor prevention, immunomodulation, and sleep regulation. In conclusion, current scientific evidence indicates that L-EGT is safe at appropriate dosage levels and possesses diverse functional benefits, suggesting substantial application potential in the food industry and related fields. This review provides a scientific foundation for further development and translational applications of L-EGT.
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Distribution and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat foods from Wenzhou
WU Yuejin, XIE Zhongbi, ZHU Xinyan, LOU Huihuang, LI Yi, ZHANG Bin, LIU Xuewei
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Wenzhou, and characterize the antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity of the isolates. Methods Strains were isolated and identified according to GB 4789.30-2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method . Virulence genes, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) were analyzed based on whole-genome sequencing. Results A total of 91 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 1285 samples across 5 categories of RTE foods, with a detection rate of 7.08% (91/1285). Among these, The detection rate of Chinese cold dishes was the highest (14.34%,36/251), followed by cooked meat products (9.62%,15/156). The isolates showed a sensitivity rate of over 94% to 9 antimicrobial agents. The strains comprised two lineages (I and II), 15 STs, and 14 CCs. The predominant serogroups were IIa (47.25%,43/91) and IIb (32.97%,30/91), with the dominant clones ST87 (21.98%,20/91), ST121 (16.48%,15/91), and ST8 (13.19%,12/91). All strains carried virulence genes associated with LIPI-1 and LIPI-2, 19.78% (18/91) harbored the LIPI-3 pathogenicity island, while the LIPI-4 pathogenicity island was exclusive to strains of CC619/ST3004 and CC87/ST87. Conclusion Listeria monocytogenes is prevalent to a certain extent in RTE foods in Wenzhou. The isolates exhibit low antimicrobial resistance, high genetic diversity, and potential pathogenicity. Strengthen surveillance of highly virulent clones is essential to prevent the foodborne outbreaks.
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Determination of 7 Food Additives in Pre-Cooked Pork Dishes by gel permeation chromatography cleanup coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
WANG Chunlei, LI Bingbing, HUANG Zhenzhen, WANG Kun
Abstract:
Objective A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven food additives in Pre-Cooked pork dishes using gel permeation chromatography cleanup coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted using?ultrasound-assisted extraction?with?acetonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid. The extracts were purified using?gel permeation chromatography ?to remove interfering substances.Separation was achieved using an?HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm).The mobile phase consisted of a gradient of?methanol,?0.01% formic acid, and?10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution.Detection was performed using?tandem mass spectrometry ?in?multi-reaction monitoring mode.Quantification was carried out using the?blank matrix matching external standard method.Results the seven food additives had a good linear relationship in the range of 2.00~400.00 μg /kg, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.998. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.50~2.00 μg/kg and 2.00~ 4.00 μg/kg respectively. The addition of standards at low, medium and high levels was carried out respectively in braised pork, preserved mustard greens braised pork and pork meatballs. The recovery rates were 73.16%~103.42%, and the relative standard deviations were 0.54%~9.31%. Conclusions The method has excellent sensitivity, stable recovery rate, high purification efficiency and good repeatability, providing reliable qualitative and quantitative detection means for the monitoring of food additives in pre-Cooked pork dishes
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Prediction of population behavior of listeria monocytogenes based on ComBase database
Wang Xin Ying, Wang Ye Ru, Wang Jian Xin
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Objective A hybrid model based on bidirectional short term memory (BiLSTM) and Transformer was constructed to predict the population behavior of Listeria monocytogenes under different environmental conditions. Methods In view of the limitations of traditional machine learning methods in processing complex time series data, an innovative solution combining BiLSTM and Transformer model is proposed to effectively capture the long and short term dependence of time series and improve the prediction accuracy. The model input includes characteristics such as temperature, water activity, pH value, time and whether it is the initial bacterial concentration, etc. After data preprocessing, feature standardization and category coding, the trained model is used for prediction. The experimental data of Listeria monocytogenes from ComBase database were used to verify the model. Results The model performed well for several food groups, with R2 values of 0.72, 0.65, 0.85, 0.81 and 0.81 for beef, pork, medium, seafood and vegetables, and RMSE values of 1.17, 1.15, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The results showed that the model could accurately capture the changing trend of bacterial population. By calculating the coefficient of deviation (Bf) and the coefficient of accuracy (Af), the advantages of the model both in forecasting accuracy and robustness are verified. Conclusion The BiLSTM-Transformer hybrid model provides an efficient and accurate method for predicting bacterial population behavior, which can provide a reference for bacterial prediction in the field of food safety.
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Assessment of Acrylamide Contamination and Dietary Exposure Risk in Characteristic Foods of Karamay City, Xinjiang
Abstract:
Abstract: Objective To understand the contamination levels of acrylamide in specialty foods (naan, steamed buns, fried dumplings, baked buns) in Karamay City, Xinjiang, as well as the dietary exposure and risks of local residents. Methods 188 samples were collected from four main urban areas of Karamay City. The acrylamide content was measured using the method previously established by the research team. Residents' dietary consumption was investigated through a food frequency questionnaire. The daily exposure to acrylamide in four types of food was calculated, and the exposure boundary ratio (MOE) method was used to assess its health risks. Results The detection rate of acrylamide in the four specialty foods was 100%, and the average content was (16.7～162) μg/kg. Among them, the content in the dumplings was the highest and the oily aroma was the lowest. There was a significant difference in the acrylamide content among the four foods (H=105.96, P<0.001). The average daily exposure of residents to acrylamide through naan, baked buns, steamed buns and oily aroma were 2.38×10-2, 1.54×10-2, 0.37×10-2 and 0.12×10-2 μg/(kg·BW·d) respectively, and the total average daily exposure was 4.40×10-2 μg/(kg·BW·d), among which naan has the largest contribution rate (54.06%). The non-carcinogenic risk MOE value of all groups is much higher than the safety threshold (100); the cancer risk MOE value of the entire population is lower than 10 000, of which only the Han ethnic group and those over 66 years old have an MOE higher than 10 000, and the MOE values of the rest of the population are lower than this threshold. Conclusion Acrylamide is commonly detected in specialty foods in Karamay City. Residents have not found clear non-carcinogenic risks from acrylamide through the intake of these four types of foods. However, long-term excessive consumption of high-temperature baked or fried foods may still have potential carcinogenic risks, especially for groups with low MOE values such as Uyghurs, other ethnic minorities, and minors. It is recommended to control the intake and frequency of relevant foods to reduce long-term exposure risks. At the same time, it is recommended that relevant departments and R&D institutions optimize food processing technology and strengthen quality supervision and health publicity and education.
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Analysis of the Cognitive Characteristics and Consumption Behaviors of Prepared Dishes Purchasers
YANG Weigui, LIU Changqing, LI Li, LUO Xiaoyan, TIAN Meina
Abstract:
Objective To initially understand the current status of awareness and consumption behavior of prepared dishes among purchasers, and to provide data support for the food safety risk assessment of prepared dishes. Methods A questionnare survey was conducted on 600 prepared dishes consumers aged 18 and above from a city of Hebei provence in 2024 using the method of convenience sampling Data was collected through a tablet system and face-to-face surveys by interviewers. Thetest, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test were used to compare differences in attitudes, consumption ratios and consumption volumes of prepared dishes among consumers. Results Among pre-prepared food purchasers in this area, the 30-39 age group accounts for the highest proportion (32.83%), followed by the 40-49 age group (26.83%); purchasers with a college degree or above make up the largest share (32.50%). A total of 99.67% of prepared dishes consumers had heard of prepared dishes, and most of them obtained relevant information through new media (66.55%). Most purchasers hold a neutral (56.67%) or supportive (31.17%) attitude towards prepared dishes. The main reasons why some purchasers do not support prepared dishes were that they consider the dishes not fresh (82.22%), worry about food safety issues (80.00%), and think the dishes are not nutritious and healthy enough (68.89%). There was a statistically significant difference in attitudes towards prepared dishes based on gender (=8.154，P=0.043). Convenience are the primary reasons for purchasing pre-prepared food (accounting for 79.33%), while food safety and freshness are the key factors restricting consumer trust.. The consumption proportion of meat prepared dishes was the highest (68.67%), followed by vegetable prepared dishes (16.00%) and aquatic prepared dishes (11.33%). There were statistically significant differences in the consumption proportions of meat-based and aquatic product-based prepared dishes among different age groups (meat: P=0.037; aquatic products: P=0.031). However, no significant differences were observed in the average monthly consumption of prepared dishes by gender, age group, or educational level (all P > 0.05). There was no difference in the consumption frequency and consumption among different types of prepared dishes. Individuals with a higher level of education prefer to purchase aquatic prepared dishes. Conclusion Prepared dish purchasers in the study area demonstrate high awareness but a cautious attitude towards these products, with their consumption behavior primarily driven by convenience. Meat-based prepared dishes exhibit the highest consumption proportion, which is influenced by the age factor. It is recommended that when conducting food safety risk assessments in this area, consumption proportion should be prioritized as a key metric, with particular attention paid to consumption differences across various age groups.
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Epidemiological investigation and analysis of an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by Clostridium perfringens in Nanjing
zhang jia, GUO baofu, LI Xiaocheng, GAO Xinli, LIU Lei
Abstract:
Objective To identify the suspicious food, pathogenic factors, and risk factors of a foodborne disease outbreak in a middle school in Nanjing, and to discuss the problems found during the investigation, providing a basis for the prevention, control, and investigation of similar incidents in the future. Methods A comprehensive methodology integrating field epidemiological analysis, hygiene investigation, and laboratory testing was employed. Field epidemiological investigations identified the suspected meal and food items, hygiene surveys pinpointed the contamination points, and laboratory testing confirmed the pathogenic agent. Various samples were collected for PCR-based multi-pathogen screening. Samples positive for?Clostridium perfringens?nucleic acid underwent bacterial isolation and anaerobic culture, followed by whole-genome sequencing, virulence gene detection, and homology analysis of the isolated strains. Results 56 suspected cases were identified, with clinical symptoms mainly including diarrhea (100%) and abdominal pain (100%), and a few cases exhibiting nausea and vomiting. The epidemic curve exhibited a point source exposure pattern, with an incubation period ranging from 2 to 14 hours. Analytical epidemiological investigation identified the "bok choy" served for dinner on August 14 as the suspected exposure source.Clostridium perfringens was detected in 30 anal swab samples, one food sample (Chinese cabbage), and one environmental sample. Specifically, the concentration of Clostridium perfringens in the dinner sample of Chinese cabbage on the 14th day was 3.2×105 CFU/g. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that isolates from 10 cases, 8 employees, and one food sample (Chinese cabbage) all belonged to the ST734 Lineage 1 clade, with positive CPE virulence genes. The number of core genome SNP differences ranged from 0 to 2, indicating high homology. Conclusion Through on-site investigation and traceback analysis, it was determined that this incident was an outbreak of foodborne illness caused by consuming "Chinese cabbage" served for dinner on August 14th in the school cafeteria. The causative agent was Clostridium perfringens. The new technology of whole-genome sequencing can play a precise role in tracing the source of foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Investigation and Analysis of a Botulism Outbreak Caused by Consumption of Homemade Pickled Eggs
zhuangmaoqiang, yujingping, sunlei, wanglei, wangxinyi, gaolei, yudahai
Abstract:
Objective To investigate and analyze a botulism outbreak caused by consumption of homemade pickled eggs in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and to provide reference for future prevention and control measures. Methods A population-based epidemiological investigation was conducted in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Epidemiological Investigation of Food Safety Accidents (2012 Edition). Both descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods were employed for data collection and analysis. Botulinum toxin genes in leftover food, environmental samples, and biological specimens were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Clostridium botulinum strains were isolated and botulinum toxin was typed with reference to GB 4789.12—2016. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the isolated strains. Results Among the 8 individuals exposed to the pickled eggs, 5 developed botulism, yielding an attack rate of 62.50% (5/8). None of the unexposed individuals became ill. Retrospective cohort analysis identified the pickled eggs as a risk factor (P < 0.001). The incubation period ranged from 13.5 to 67.5 hours. Predominant clinical manifestations included fatigue, blurred vision, ptosis (all 100.00%), as well as nausea and vomiting (each 80.00%). A total of 12 strains of Clostridium botulinum were isolated. All strains tested positive for the type A botulinum toxin gene by qPCR. Mouse bioassay confirmed the presence of type A botulinum toxin in all 7 enrichment cultures. WGS analysis revealed that these isolates shared a common evolutionary origin. Conclusion This outbreak was confirmed as a botulism outbreak caused by the consumption of homemade pickled eggs contaminated with Clostridium botulinum producing type A botulinum toxin. It is recommended that targeted health education be carried out among high-risk regions and populations regarding the processing, storage, and consumption practices to enhance their awareness of safety precautions for such foods.
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Assessment of Chlorate Exposure Risk in Infant Formula Based on Literature Data Mining from 2019 to 2024
LIANG Jiang, WANG Xiaodan, YIN Ruijie, MAO Weifeng, ZHOU Pingping, HAN Xiaoxu, PEI Xiaoyan, ZHANG Lei, LI Shuying
Abstract:
Objective Based on literature data mining, this study analyzes the exposure risk of chlorate in infant formula for the infant population in China, providing a scientific basis for the risk management of chlorate in infant formula. Methods Based on chlorate levels in infant formula reported in publicly available literature from 2019 to 2024, combined with consumption patterns of infant formula in China , a simple distribution assessment method was used to evaluate chronic exposure risk in infants aged 0-36 months. Results Literature data indicate that chlorate concentrations in infant formula sampled from distribution channels in China ranged from non-detectable to 3250.00 μg/kg, with a mean concentration of 99.14 μg/kg. The chronic exposure assessment indicated that both the mean exposure level (0.73 μg/kg BW) and the P95 exposure level (5.62 μg/kg BW) among infant formula consumers were below the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI) of 10?μg/kg?BW for chlorate established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Conclusion Based on data mining and analysis of literature published in the past six years, the overall risk of chlorate exposure among consumers of infant formula in China is relatively low.
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ZOU Zhi-fei, PU Min, LI Jian-jun, CHEN Yong-hong
2010,22(2):112-120, DOI:
Abstract:
Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.
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Wang Huali, Zhang Jiyue, Zhang Jianbo
2011,23(6):571-575, DOI:
Abstract:
According to The Law of Food Safety,the related requirements of the State Council and the Ministry of Public Health,and the program of systemic revision of national food safety standards,the Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives(GB 2760—2007) was revised by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food safety of China CDC in 2011.The revised parts are mainly on the regulations of using food additives,food processing aids and flavorings.The revision of the National food safety standard-...
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2004(4), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taipei, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre-market approval system or a preview (pre-market registered) system, been elaborated and analyzed. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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HE Qing-hua, WU Yong-ning, YIN Yu-long
2007(5), DOI:
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If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.
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2011,23(1):13-16, DOI:
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The result of food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating the food safety standards and for exercising food safety supervision and administration. To exert the effects of food safety risk assessment in supervision and administration, some countries established specific agencies for food safety risk assessment, as well as in China with National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee. Despite that there is still a long way to go for China in food safety risk assessment compared to developed countries, the technologies applied in formulating food safety standards, handling of food safety accidents and risk communications exerted significant effect. However, we still need to promote constructions building in system of food safety risk assessment from the aspects of organizations, capacities and technologies in risk assessment and human resources considering the situation of food safety and needs of food safety supervision.
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ZHANG Xi-meng, ZENG Jing, WEI Hai-yan, FU Pu-bo, HAN Xiao
2013,25(4):320-323, DOI:
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To investigate antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy products. Methods100strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion recommended by the National Committee of Clinical laboratory Standard. Results All strains were sensitive to Mezlocillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftazidime, Pentahydrate, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin, while resistant to Proctaphlin Sodium. The ratio of resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefalotin, Cefazolin Sodium, Sodium and Tetracycline was 65%, 17%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The ratio of intermediate resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefazolin Sodium, Cefalotin Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Tetracycline was 25%, 23%, 6%, 2% and 1% respectively. 13strains were multiresistant to 3kinds of antibiotics and 4strain was multiresistant. ConclusionCronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from imported dairy products were susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics, but resistance were increasing. In this study, All drug resistant strains to oxacillin. Hereby, the issue of Cronobacter sakazakii multiresistance should arouse abroad attention worldwide.
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SUN Yan-bin, SUN Ting, DONG Shu-xiang, LI Shi-kai, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Jun
2015,27(4):441-446, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2015.04.020
Abstract:
To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in dairy products, and to evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.Methods The contents of Pb, total-Hg, Cd, Cr and total-As in raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula and milk powder during 2012-2013 were detected. Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality. Results The detection rate of Pb, total-As, total-Hg, Cd and Cr were 14.0%(21/150), 24.7%(37/150), 82.0%(109/133), 26.3%(35/133)and 72.9%(43/59) in dairy products, respectively. Pb in raw milk and Cd in sterilized milk were not detected. The mean, P75 and P95 of total-Hg in raw milk were higher than the limit. The P95 of total-Hg in fermented milk and sterilized milk and Cd in milk powder were higher than the limit. The detection rate and single factor contamination index of total-Hg were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk, which indicated there was severe contamination in the raw milk(PHg>1) and mild contamination in fermented milk (PHg>0.6). The detection rate of Cr was the highest in infant formula and milk powder, while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest. The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with Pn=0.754, reaching mild level of contamination. The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk powder and infant formula.Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products were at the safe level of heavy metal contamination. Total-Hg was the dominant heavy metal contamination in liquid milk, while Cd in solid milk. Single factor contamination index and comprehensive contamination index of total-Hg in raw milk indicated that measures should be taken to prevent the contamination.
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2012,24(5):438-440, DOI:
Abstract:
目的优选QuEChERS方法中黄瓜拟除虫菊酯类农药残留净化剂的最佳组合。方法采用正交实验法,以农药加标回收率(气相色谱法)为指标,考察净化剂PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)、C18(C18烷基-硅胶)、GCB(石墨化炭黑)三因素的影响。结果重复试验表明,10 g黄瓜2 ml定容液净化剂的最佳组合是A2B1C2,即0.075 g PSA,0.025 g C18,0.050 g GCB。结论正交试验法用于优选蔬菜中农药残留检测的QuEChERS净化剂组合,既可节省试剂,又能满足检测需要。
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LEI Xiaoling, ZENG Shaokui, JIANG Zhihong, ZHANG Chaohua, WU Hongmian
2005(1), DOI:
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The microbe change in export frozen shrimp(shrimp meat,headless shrimp)at different stages of processing was reported.The bacterial contamination of utensils,equipment environment was checked.The results demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of export frozen shrimp generally were up to the standard.Coliforms sometimes exceed the standard.Pathogens were not detected.Aerobic plate counts of utensils and equipment often go beyond the standard.
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ZHOU Su-juan, , , WAN Chao, BAI Hong
2010,22(2):143-146, DOI:
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Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.
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2004(5), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ning, LI Rong
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的探索反式白藜芦醇经口摄入后，在体内的雌激素作用和剂量一反应关系。方法选用19日龄未成年大鼠做子宫增重试验，分别经灌胃给予0．1、0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW的白藜芦醇，以3．0p∥kgBW的雌二醇为阳性对照，并设立水和油的阴性对照组，所有剂量组连续灌胃3d。实验结束称量子宫的湿重和干重，对卵巢、子宫和阴道进行组织病理学检查，并测量子宫内膜上皮细胞高度。结果和对照组比较，白藜芦醇对子宫重量无影响；组织病理学结果显示，1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的子宫轻度增生，0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的阴道轻度增生，无剂量-反应关系；受试物组子宫内膜上皮细胞高度无明显变化。结论白藜芦醇经口摄入时雌激素作用较弱，且无剂量-反应关系。
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ZHANG Li-wei, ZHAO Hong-jing, BAI Hong, WAN Chao
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的总结我国保健食品法律、法规、标准体系发展历史与现状，为未来发展提供建议。方法系统收集我国自1995年《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》首次赋予保健食品法律地位以来有关保健食品生产、销售、流通、监管环节的法律法规，进行纵向与横向的比较分析。结果从管理角度讲，我国保健食品经历了《保健食品管理办法》及《保健食品注册管理办法》两个时期，经历了一个逐步发展完善的过程，在立法过程中体现了“公平、公正、便民、高效和救济”等法制理念的不断进步。现在，我国保健食品法律、法规、标准在产品生产、市场、监控、评估4个方面基本形成了体系，并在新功能、新原料开发方面采取了更为开放的姿态。结论今后我国应加强技术性法规标准的建设，完善《保健食品注册管理办法》相应配套办法，进一步理顺各部门食品安全监管职能，明确责任，注重部门规章的衔接，进一步以法律、法规、标准体系建设整顿市场秩序，引导保健食品行业健康有序地发展。
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2012,24(5):474-478, DOI:
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of microbiological criteria for ready-to-eat foods in Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Union,Australia,New Zealand,England and HongKong China,the article provides recommendations for the elaboration of microbiological criteria of Chinese national food standard.
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2007(4), DOI:
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To accurately understand the inorganic arsenic origin in seafoods and scientifically appraise the quality of seafood products, some problems on arsenic chemical and speciation form, background value, inorganic arsenic and determination of arsenic in marine organisms were discussed. References were provided for determination of inorganic arsenic in seafoods.
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2011,23(5):472-477, DOI:
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As indicator organisms,standards for aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae applied in each country were different.Based on the comparison and analysis of microbiological criteria of foods in Australia,New Zealand,European Communities,Canada and Hong Kong,recommendations and technical basis for the elaboration of general microbiological criteria of China’s national food safety standards were provided. 更多还原
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Gan Binbin, Liu Zhanhua, Li Shaohao
2011,23(6):531-533, DOI:
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC.Methods Samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and separated on a CAPCELLPAKCR column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol ammonium acetate+acetonitrile(in 0.1% formic acid)(25+75,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 200 nm.Results The standard curve of glucosamine hydrochloride was linear over the range in 0.2~26.0 μg(r=0.999 982).The...
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ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yun-feng, ZHENG Hong-guo, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, ZHAO Yun-feng, MOU Shi-fen, ZHENG Hong-guo, WU Yong-ning
2008(4), DOI:
Abstract:
目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理，高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上，RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠，适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。
