- Current Issue
- Online First
- Accept
- Most Downloaded Archive
-
SI Jiali, GONG Hongjin, WANG Xuan, DOU Xueru, HE Min, ZHOU Guilan, YONG Wei
2025,37(6):505-512, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.001
Abstract:
Objective Traceability and pathogenetic analysis of two suspected homologous （S. aureus） food poisoning cases.Methods We conducted initial screening of pathogens in collected samples of suspected contaminated food， anal swabs from cases， and environmental swabs using a multiplex PCR kit for foodborne pathogens. The isolation， culture， and identification of pathogenic bacteria were performed according to GB 4789.10—2016 in combination with MALDI-TOF MS. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the isolates. Broth microdilution method for determining resistance to 15 antimicrobial agents， and ELISA for detecting enterotoxins.Results Both incidents shared a common food exposure history. Incident 1 yielded 12 ST2315-t11687 S. aureus isolates， while Incident 2 yielded 2 ST2315-t11687 and 1 ST398-t2346 isolates. cgSNP analysis showed high homology among ST2315-t11687 isolates from both incidents （SNP differences≤8）， while ST398-t2346 was genetically distant. The ST2315-t11687 strain consistently carries enterotoxin genes sea， sec， and sell. ELISA results showed that some strains were positive for SEA/SEC/SEE （n=9）， a few were positive only for SEA （n=2）， or negative （n=3）. The ST398-t2346 S. aureus strains were negative for both enterotoxin genes and enterotoxin production phenotypically. The ST2315-t11687 strains displayed consistent antimicrobial resistance profiles， being resistant to both penicillin and levofloxacin. Importantly， the ST398-t2346 strains were confirmed as methicillin-resistant S. aureus through detection of the mecA gene and demonstrated resistance to penicillin， oxacillin， and cefoxitin. Virulence gene analysis showed ST2315-t11687 carried the immune evasion cluster （sea-sak-chp-scn） and hemolysin genes （hly/hla， hlb， hld， hlgA， hlgB， hlgC）. ST398-t2346 lacked sea but possessed hemolysins and other immune-modulating virulence factors.Conclusion Both food poisoning incidents were caused by enterotoxigenic S. aureus， with transmission linkage of ST2315-t11687 clone between incidents. The prevalent strain exhibits strong pathogenicity， highlighting the need to enhance surveillance of highly pathogenic S. aureus in foodborne disease monitoring.
-
ZHANG Lin, LEI Gaopeng, HUANG Weifeng, LYU Hong, XIAO Tao, LIANG Qian, YANG Xiaorong
2025,37(6):513-519, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.002
Abstract:
Objective To understand the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis （SE） isolated from foodborne disease surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021， and to compare the consistency between the predicted phenotype of antimicrobial resistance and the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test， so as to provide reference for outbreak warning and antimicrobial resistance prediction based on （Whole genome sequencing，WGS）.Methods A total of 222 strains of SE isolated from foodborne disease surveillance from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed by WGS， the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of the strains were analyzed by snippy， and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Using ResFinder to annotate determinants and predict antimicrobial resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of the strains against 15 antibiotics was determined with a micro broth dilution method.
Rerults Two hundred and fourteen of 222 strains of SE were Group Ⅱ， 4 strains each in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ. A total of 26 suspected aggregation events were identified， mainly small point source aggregation events. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ of SE were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. The Group Ⅱ of SE had different resistance to 15 kinds of antibiotics， and about 78.5% were multi-drug resistant. The predicted results for some drugs are highly consistent with the phenotype， except polymyxin.Conclusion SE strains isolated from foodborne disease surveillance in Sichuan Province were mainly belonged to serogroup Ⅱ strains， which were further divided into two dominant types， SC-A and SC-B， and four non-dominant types， with high genetic diversity. SNP typing based on WGS can detect the association and cluster of cases from SE monitoring， and provide a basis for initiating epidemiological investigations. The resistance prediction for most ordinary drug was highly consistent with the phenotype tests， but the resistance prediction of compound drugs containing more than two antibiotics and extraordinary drugs still needs to be optimized. -
LIU Guangchen, DONG Yitong, SHI Yizhi, MIAO Hongjian, LI Jingguang
2025,37(6):520-525, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.003
Abstract:
Objective To establish a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） method for the determination of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in pasta sauce.Methods The sample was extracted with acetonitrile， cleaned-up by QuEChERS purification agent C18/PSA/MgSO4 （10/10/60） mg/mL， and determined by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction detection mode （MRM） and quantified by isotope internal standard curve.Results The linear relationship between ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol was good in the concentration range of 10-100 μg/L with R2>0.99， the method limit of detection （LOD） was 0.02 mg/kg， and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 0.05 mg/kg. The average recoveries of the samples at the three spiked concentration levels of 0.05， 0.10， 0.35 mg/kg were 87.79%-108.46%， and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） were 2.03%-11.79%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were 9.62%-10.09% and 9.40%-11.82%， respectively.Conclusion The method is rapid in analysis， accurate and reliable， and can be used for the determination of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol residues in pasta sauce.
-
LI Yi, ZHANG Leyi, HU Yuqing, HONG Chengji, XIE Airong, SHAO Panchi, LI Haiyan, LOU Huihuang
2025,37(6):526-533, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.004
Abstract:
Objective To understand and master the infection status and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Cronobacter spp. in diarrhea patients in Wenzhou， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by Cronobacter spp. in this region.Methods From 2013 to 2024， stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients with foodborne diseases in Wenzhou and tested for Cronobacter spp. Isolated Cronobacter strains underwent species identification， molecular serotyping， and whole-genome sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to assess genetic relatedness through cluster analysis， as well as to detect the presence of virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance genes.Results A total 21 strains of Cronobacter spp. were detected in 1 816 samples， with a total isolation rate of 1.16%. In terms age distribution， the proportion of patients aged 18-60 years was 38.10%， and the proportion of patients under 1 year old was 33.33%. In terms of seasonal distribution， the detection rate in spring accounted for 38.10%， and that in summer accounted for 33.33%. Among the isolated strains， there were 14 strains of Cronobacter sakazakii， accounting for 66.67% of the total number of strains. Cronobacter sakazakii could be divided into 4 serotypes and 1 untyped strain， among which Csak O1 was the main serotype； Cronobacter malonaticus was divided into 2 serotypes， with Cmal O2 as the main serotype. After identification， the 21 strains of Cronobacter spp. were divided into 10 ST types and 8 clonal complexes （CC）， among which CC7 and CC4 were the main clonal complexes， and ST4 and ST201 were the main ST types. The gene annotation results of the 21 strains showed that all of them carried 17 genes related to motility， adhesion and invasiveness， etc. In addition， a total of 15 drug resistance genes were screened out， and most of the strains carried 11-14 drug resistance genes.Conclusion In cases of foodborne diarrhea caused by Cronobacter spp. in Wenzhou， attention should be focused on Cronobacter spp. infections in infants. Csak O1 and Cmal O1 are the main serotypes， CC4 and CC7 are the main clonal complexes， and ST4 and ST201 are the main ST types.
-
TIAN Jigui, MA Shuaishuai, WANG Rui
2025,37(6):534-540, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.005
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the occurrence of Salmonella food poisoning in China and to provide a basis for the development of preventive and control measures.Methods Food poisoning events caused by Salmonella were collected and organized in the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management System of China’s Disease Control and Prevention Information System， and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2004 to 2019， 460 Salmonella food poisoning incidents were reported nationwide， with 26 732 illnesses and 16 deaths， for a case-fatality rate of 0.06%.A higher number of incidents were reported between May and September， accounting for 63.91% of the total number of incidents；The number of incidents where the traceability of samples was completed and the suspected food was clarified was 57.39%；The largest number of Salmonella-contaminated single food types were meat products， followed by bakery and egg products， which accounted for 22.39%， 8.48% and 5.22% of the total number of incidents， in that order.The provinces with the highest number of reported Salmonella food poisoning incidents nationwide were， in descending order， Yunnan Province， Sichuan Province and Guangdong Province， accounting for 15.87%， 11.09% and 10.65% of the total number of incidents， respectively；The main places where incidents occurred were food service establishments， rural banquets and households， accounting for 47.17%， 26.09%， and 16.09% of the total number of incidents， respectively.Serotyping of Salmonella spp. was completed in 182 incidents， with Salmonella enteritidis （56.04%， 102/182）， Salmonella typhimurium （14.29%， 26/182） and Salmonella Dublin （5.49%， 10/182） being the most frequently detected.Conclusion It is recommended to focus on the risk of Salmonella contamination of meat，bakery，egg foods and their products， strengthen the food safety supervision of rural banquets， hotels and collective canteens，enhance safety publicity， monitoring and early warning， reporting and investigation， and traceability and identification of Salmonella in the summer and fall when the incidence of Salmonella food poisoning is high.
-
XIONG Bi, YANG Qingqing, LI Yonggang, LUO Ping, TANG Lin, WEN Sheng
2025,37(6):541-546, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.006
Abstract:
Objective To explore the characteristics of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and the dietary exposure risks for residents in Hubei Province.Methods 2 182 vegetable samples were collected from all 17 cities of Hubei Province to determine their residual levels of organophosphorus pesticides. Combined with the vegetable consumption of residents in Hubei Province， acute and chronic dietary exposure assessments were conducted.Results The overall detection rate of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables in Hubei Province was 9.67%（211/2 182）， and the exceeding standard rate was 1.42%（31/2 182）. The top three pesticides with exceeding standard rates are chlorpyrifos， isocarbophos， phorate and its oxygen analogues. The top three vegetable varieties with exceeding standard rates are leafy vegetables， bulbs， and fresh beans. The dietary exposure assessment results showed that the acute exposure hazard quotient （aHQ） of triazophos was 23.89， indicating a possible acute exposure risk. The chronic exposure hazard quotient （cHQ） of different organic phosphorus pesticides among residents in Hubei Province was less than 1， and the cumulative exposure hazard index （HI） was less than 1， indicating a lower chronic exposure risk.Conclusion There are cases of illegal use and excessive residues of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables in Hubei Province. Residents in Hubei Province have a lower risk of chronic exposure to organophosphorus pesticides through vegetables， but there is an acute risk of exposure to triazophos. It is recommended that relevant regulatory departments further strengthen the supervision of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables.
-
LUO Sha, ZHAO Jing, LIU Jialin, MA Jie
2025,37(6):547-552, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.007
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the pollution levels of lead， cadmium， mercury， arsenic in animal seafood sold in Tianjin City and dietary exposure risk of people in Tianjin.Methods According to the requirements of the national food contaminants and harmful factors risk monitoring manual， 384 representative samples of commercial animal seafood were collected in supermarkets and farmers’ markets in 16 administrative regions of Tianjin City in 2023. The contents of lead， cadmium， mercury， and arsenic were detected according to the national standard detection method， and the pollution degree was evaluated by the single factor pollution evaluation index （Pi） and metal pollution index （MPI）. Combined with residents dietary intake， the dietary exposure risk of 4 kinds of heavy metals were assessed by point assessment method.Results The median content of the four heavy metals （P50） was cadmium （0.061 mg/kg）， lead （0.022 mg/kg）， methylmercury （0.008 mg/kg）， and inorganic arsenic （0.005 mg/kg）， the difference is statistically significant （P<0.05）. Only cadmium exceeded the standard， with the exceeding rate of 2.08% （8/384）， and the sample varieties exceeding the standard were bivalve shellfish and sea crab. The pollution levels of different aquatic products were different. Pi evaluation results showed that sea crabs had lead and cadmium pollution， and cadmium pollution in bivalve shellfish， while the other varieties were at the normal background level； MPI evaluation results showed that the overall pollution degree of 4 kinds of heavy metals was sea crabs>bivalve shellfish>sea shrimp>sea fish. Point assessment results showed that the average exposure （Exp） of the four heavy metals ranged from 0.19-12.36 μg/（kg·BW）， with the highest cadmium and the lowest inorganic arsenic； The hazard quotients （HQ） for cadmium and methylmercury were 0.49 and 0.04， both less than 1. The margins of exposure （MOE） for lead and inorganic arsenic were 25.83 and 473.68， both greater than 1， all less than 1.Conclusion There is a certain degree of lead and cadmium pollution in the municipal animal seafood sold in Tianjin， but the total dietary exposure level was low， and the edible safety was in the acceptable range.
-
2025,37(6):553-557, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.008
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the media characteristics and communication effects of wild mushroom poisoning short videos on Douyin platform， providing scientific evidence for health content governance on short video platforms and wild mushroom poisoning prevention.Methods Python was used to collect 200 wild mushroom poisoning-related short videos and 200 related comments from Douyin platform for content analysis and one-way ANOVA.Results Regarding source types， self-media dominated （58.16%）， while government institutions accounted for only 1.02%. In terms of video framing， entertainment framing accounted for 78.35%， while health education framing accounted for 18.56%. In comment analysis， joking attitudes accounted for 51.76%， insufficient risk perception accounted for 50%， cognitive errors accounted for 22%， and 39.7% of comments showed consumption tendencies. One-way ANOVA revealed that source type （F=3.456， P=0.032） and risk presentation （F=4.123， P=0.021） had significant effects on communication outcomes.Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning short videos on Douyin platform exhibit obvious entertainment tendencies， with severely insufficient authoritative sources and evident public risk perception bias. There is an urgent need to strengthen content governance on short video platforms， optimize algorithmic recommendation mechanisms， authoritative institutions must also innovate health communication approaches， effectively strengthening public health literacy and reducing the risk of wild mushroom poisoning.
-
LYU Hanyang, TIAN Jing, DING Hao, LI Ning, CHEN Xiao
2025,37(6):558-566, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.009
Abstract:
Fermented milks， as an important part of the global traditional diet， is crucial for the development of the industry and international trade. With the increasing demand for product innovation and international trade， fermented milk standards are facing challenges in terms of terminology definition， classification framework， ingredient requirements， and labeling. Based on a review of the development of China’s standards， this paper systematically compares China’s fermented milk standards with those of the Codex Alimentarius Commission， Australia and New Zealand， the United States， Japan， and other international organizations and countries in terms of scope， definition， classification， physicochemical indicators， requirements for fermenting microorganisms， and labeling. It summarizes the common principles followed by different international organizations and countries in terms of requirements for raw materials， processes， and fermenting microorganisms， as well as the differences in product classification， definition， ingredient requirements， use of food additives， requirements for live bacteria count， and labeling requirements. The paper also proposes key technical content that should be focused on in future standardization work. It is recommended to continue monitoring the impact of new raw materials and new products on standards， and to explore ways to optimize the definitions of terms， classifications， and labeling requirements. This will provide an effective safeguard for the improvement of China’s dairy standard system and the promotion of high-quality development in the industry.
-
WANG Santao, LI Xueyuan, HUO Weiping, LI Qiang, HAO Zhihong, CAI Jia, HUO Huaping, LI Gaoyuan, WANG Ning
2025,37(6):567-572, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.010
Abstract:
Objective To conduct an epidemiological investigation on a foodborne disease outbreak caused by consuming beef contaminated with Xylazine during a collective dinner， analyze the causes of contamination， provide reference for handling similar incidents in the future， and provide a basis for proposing targeted prevention and control measures.Methods According to the “Technical Guidelines for Epidemiological Investigation of Food Safety Accidents （2012 Edition）”， a population epidemiological investigation， food hygiene investigation， and laboratory testing were conducted on a suspected foodborne disease outbreak that occurred in a catering service unit in a certain area. Descriptive epidemiology and analytical epidemiology methods were used to organize and analyze the data. EpiInfo 7.1 software was used for chi square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis， and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results As a result， there were a total of 27 cases in this incident， with an incidence rate of 47.37% （27/57）. The main clinical manifestations are dizziness （100.0%）， drowsiness （37.0%）， and bradycardia （37.0%）； The epidemic curve shows point source exposure， and the results of univariate （OR=29.71， 95% CI： 3.56-248.10） and multivariate logistic regression （OR=16.577， 95% CI： 1.307-210.055） studies indicate that the suspicious food is spiced beef； The results of the food hygiene investigation showed that the contamination process was due to the failure to meet the requirements of the veterinary drug rest period， as well as the unauthorized slaughter and excessive slaughter， resulting in raw material contamination； Xylazine was detected in biological specimens， semi-finished food products， retained food samples， and processing environment samples of the cases.Conclusion This incident is a foodborne disease outbreak caused by the consumption of spiced beef contaminated with Xylazine. It is suggested to further increase the training efforts for the “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China for Veterinary Drugs” and improve the training effectiveness； Strengthen the supervision of the use of veterinary drugs and strictly implement the regulations on the withdrawal period； Strengthen slaughter supervision and crack down on illegal and indiscriminate slaughter； Further improve the harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry； Strengthen supervision over the use of veterinary drugs， crack down on illegal slaughtering， and implement the system of obtaining tickets and certificates for raw materials.
-
WU Bolong, FANG Zilong, LIU Sana, YU Mei, LIANG Dong, YAN Yi
2025,37(6):573-579, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.011
Abstract:
α-ketoglutarate （AKG），an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle， serves as a key substrate for energy production from carbohydrate， lipid， and amino acid metabolites via the TCA cycle. It functions as a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle in response to exercise， regulating physiological processes including energy metabolism， hypoxia adaptation， inflammatory responses， and antioxidant functions. Current randomized controlled trials （RCT） indicate that supplementation with L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate （AAKG）， an amino acid salt derivative of AKG， enhances upper-body muscle strength， power， and anaerobic work capacity in athletic populations. However， due to limited study numbers， small sample sizes， and relatively low evidence quality， the validity of these findings remains constrained. Regulatory frameworks currently classify AKG as nutritional ingredients only in the European Union. To support the potential inclusion of AKG or AAKG as nutritional ingredients in China， high-quality， single-factor controlled RCT remain imperative.
-
CHENG Xue, JU Lahong, GUO Qiya, WEI Xiaoqi, GONG Weiyi, XU Xiaoli, FANG Hongyun
2025,37(6):580-585, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.012
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the current weight status and self-perception of weight among Chinese adults aged 65 and above using the data from the 2015 China Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance， and to provide basic data for guiding the elderly to correctly judge their weight and scientifically control it.Methods Based on the questionnaire survey and physical examination data of adults aged 65 and above from the 2015 China Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance. The body mass index （BMI） range of 20.0-26.9 kg/m2 proposed in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines （2022） was used to evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly.Results In 2015， the proportion of elderly Chinese with a BMI lower than 20 kg/m2 was 14.6%， with 15.2% for males and 14.1% for females， and 10.2% for urban and 18.0% for rural areas， respectively. The proportion of elderly with a BMI higher than 27 kg/m2 was 17.7%， with 15.1% for males and 20.1% for females， and 22.3% for urban and 14.1% for rural areas， respectively. Among the elderly with a BMI lower than 20 kg/m2， only 40.1% correctly perceived themselves as underweight. Among those with a BMI of 20.0-26.9 kg/m2， 75.4% correctly perceived their weight as normal. Among those with a BMI higher than 27 kg/m2， only 40.1% correctly perceived themselves as overweight/obese.Conclusion Low body weight among the elderly in China remains a concern， especially in rural areas. The accuracy rate of the elderly in judging their own weight status is relatively low， and their awareness of healthy weight needs to be improved.
-
WANG Yuanjun, WANG Yimiao, JIN Jiaming
2025,37(6):586-594, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2025.06.013
Abstract:
As a broad-spectrum preservative， sodium dehydroacetate（DHA-S） was once used in a variety of foods. However， with the systematic research on its toxic effects， the potential threats to human health posed by DHA-S have been widely recognized globally， and its use has gradually been restricted or prohibited. Incorporating the metabolic kinetics characteristics of DHA-S， the toxic effects of DHA-S， including inducing coagulation disorders， damaging the cardiovascular system， disrupting bone metabolism balance， inducing oxidative damage， increasing antibiotic resistance， disrupting energy metabolism and causing skin allergies， were comprehensively reviewed. Moreover， by analyzing the current application status and developmental trajectory of DHA-S as a food additive both domestically and internationally， the possible safety risks were discussed. The purpose is to improve the safety cognition and risk prevention of DHA-S， and then promote the comprehensive prohibition of the application of DHA-S as a food additive in China.
Volume 37,2025 Issue 6
Original Reports
Study Reports
Experimental Technique and Method
Investigation
Risk Monitoring
Risk Assessment
风险交流
Food Safety Standard and Administration
Foodborn Disease
Applied Nutrition
Review
-
Standard Testing Methods and Prospects of Preservatives in Food
Abstract:
Food preservatives are widely recognized as essential food additives that play a critical role in ensuring food safety, and China enforces stringent regulations regarding their use. Consequently, the identification of various types and concentrations of food preservatives is pivotal for safeguarding public health. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the standard detection methods for food preservatives currently employed in China, with a specific focus on the application and analytical characteristics of advanced techniques such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, it aims to discuss emerging trends and future directions in the development of detection technologies for food preservatives..
- 1
-
Antibiotics Resistant Characteristics of Escherichia coli from Whole Chickens retailed in Beijing and Analysis of Antibiotics Resistant Genes in Some Multidrug-Resistant Strains
Duan Xianwu, Luo Haipeng, Wang Yan, Mao Tengxiao, Li Jingyun, Yao Shangchen, Cui Shenghui
Abstract:
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the antibiotics resistance characteristics and molecular epidemiological features of Escherichia coli in whole chickens retailed in Beijing, including resistance rates, resistance profile, serotypes, sequence types (STs), major resistant genes and plasmids distribution. Methods: E. coli was isolated from whole chickens, and was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the genomic characteristics of the strains. Results: A total of 202 E. coli strains were isolated from 87 samples, with a sample positive rate of 87.4%. 83.2% of the strains showed varying degrees of resistance to detected antibiotics, with the highest resistance rate to tetracycline (76.2%), and 65.3% of the strains were multi-drug resistant. Genomic analysis of 38 CTX-resistant strains from different samples identified 28 serotypes and 29 STs, with core genome multi-locus sequence typing revealing high genetic diversity. The primary resistance genes were: the ESBL-encoding gene blaCTX-M-65 (44.7%, 17/38) for β-lactam antibiotics, and the plasmid-mediated qnrS1 (47.4%, 18/38) and chromosomal mutation GyrA_S83L (76.3%, 29/38) for quinolones. Additionally, 78.9% of the strains exhibited concurrent resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Plasmid analysis indicated that the IncFIB type was the most prevalent (81.6%, 31/38). Conclusion: The positive rate of E. coli in retailed whole chickens in Beijing is high, with strains displaying multidrug resistance. These strains carry multiple resistance genes, posing a risk of plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. These findings highlight the need to strengthen food safety regulations and promote the rational use of antibiotics.
- 1
-
Epidemiological investigation and analysis of an outbreak of food-borne disease in school caused by S.aureus Enterotoxin
yuan xinjian, wang chengzhang, jia huayun, luo kaiwei, dai zhihui, he meiyun, luo yuhao, zhang linqing, liang jinjun
Abstract:
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of foodborne disease in school K, explore key procedures and response measures for on-site management of such outbreaks, and to provide a basis for the future management and prevention of similar incidents. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the event. A case-control study was employed to investigate and validate suspected meals, dining locations, and foods. Environmental hygiene surveys were conducted to identify potential contamination processes. Laboratory tests were performed on biological specimens from affected students, food handlers in the school cafeteria, food samples,and food processing environment samples to confirm the pathogen. Results The outbreak exposed 3,985 individuals, with 83 cases reported (attack rate: 2.08%). Among 89 tested samples, 19 (21.35%) were positive for S.aureus producing enterotoxin type A . Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) clustering analysis revealed that 17 S.aureus, isolated from chicken cutlets, knives and cutting boards used for processing chicken,food handlers, and affected students, shared homology. This confirmed contamination of the chicken cutlets with S.aureus producing enterotoxin type A from handlers or the environment.Conclusion This outbreak was caused by consumption of chicken cutlets contaminated by S.aureus producing enterotoxin type A from food handlers or the environment in School K. The evidence chain was complete. Timely collection of patient specimens for multiplex PCR testing enabled rapid identification of potential pathogens. and whole-genome sequencing technologies improved the etiological confirmation rate in foodborne disease outbreak investigations.
- 1
-
A method for risk control of perchlorate in infant formula raw materials based on a probabilistic model
Wang Xiaodan, He jian, Han Xiaoxu, Mao Weifeng, Xu Haiqing, wang Hongli, Liu Biao, Pei xiaoyan, Bao Huihui, Zhang Lei, Chen jing
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for determining reasonable control levels of chemical contaminants such as perchlorate in raw materials for infant formula by applying a probabilistic model. Methods Based on the levels of perchlorate in the raw materials of infant formula and the constituent ratio of ingredients, a probabilistic model between raw materials and final products was established using Monte Carlo simulation and the key influencing raw materials were identified through sensitivity analysis. The content threshold of perchlorate in the key raw material, which is the reasonable control level, was found by using step-back method according to the limit of perchlorate in infant formula. Results At the initial levels of perchlorate contamination in? raw milk,milk powder, lactose, whey protein powder and other ingredients collected in this study, the probability that the perchlorate level in the final product exceeds the limit value set by the European Union is 1.6% when a certain formula is used to manufacture infant formula. Sensitivity analysis shows that raw milk is the ingredient that has the greatest impact on the perchlorate content in the final product. Under the condition that the perchlorate in other raw materials remain the current level, if the probability of the perchlorate content in infant formula powder being lower than the limit value is expected to be above 99.9%, the perchlorate content in raw milk should be controlled below 43.6 μg/kg. When taking this value as the risk control level for perchlorate in raw milk, the current ratio of raw milk samples exceeding this level is approximately 3.5%. Conclusion The method established in this study can effectively simulate the probability distributions of stable chemical contaminants when transferring from raw materials to the final product and identify the most influential ingredient. By applying this method, the reasonable control level of perchlorate in raw materials of infant formula can be proposed, providing a scientific basis for infant formula enterprises to prevent and control risks of raw materials.- 1
-
ZOU Zhi-fei, PU Min, LI Jian-jun, CHEN Yong-hong
2010,22(2):112-120, DOI:
Abstract:
Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.
-
Wang Huali, Zhang Jiyue, Zhang Jianbo
2011,23(6):571-575, DOI:
Abstract:
According to The Law of Food Safety,the related requirements of the State Council and the Ministry of Public Health,and the program of systemic revision of national food safety standards,the Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives(GB 2760—2007) was revised by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food safety of China CDC in 2011.The revised parts are mainly on the regulations of using food additives,food processing aids and flavorings.The revision of the National food safety standard-...
-
2004(4), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taipei, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre-market approval system or a preview (pre-market registered) system, been elaborated and analyzed. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
-
HE Qing-hua, WU Yong-ning, YIN Yu-long
2007(5), DOI:
Abstract:
If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.
-
ZHANG Xi-meng, ZENG Jing, WEI Hai-yan, FU Pu-bo, HAN Xiao
2013,25(4):320-323, DOI:
Abstract:
To investigate antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy products. Methods100strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion recommended by the National Committee of Clinical laboratory Standard. Results All strains were sensitive to Mezlocillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftazidime, Pentahydrate, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin, while resistant to Proctaphlin Sodium. The ratio of resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefalotin, Cefazolin Sodium, Sodium and Tetracycline was 65%, 17%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The ratio of intermediate resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefazolin Sodium, Cefalotin Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Tetracycline was 25%, 23%, 6%, 2% and 1% respectively. 13strains were multiresistant to 3kinds of antibiotics and 4strain was multiresistant. ConclusionCronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from imported dairy products were susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics, but resistance were increasing. In this study, All drug resistant strains to oxacillin. Hereby, the issue of Cronobacter sakazakii multiresistance should arouse abroad attention worldwide.
-
2011,23(1):13-16, DOI:
Abstract:
The result of food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating the food safety standards and for exercising food safety supervision and administration. To exert the effects of food safety risk assessment in supervision and administration, some countries established specific agencies for food safety risk assessment, as well as in China with National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee. Despite that there is still a long way to go for China in food safety risk assessment compared to developed countries, the technologies applied in formulating food safety standards, handling of food safety accidents and risk communications exerted significant effect. However, we still need to promote constructions building in system of food safety risk assessment from the aspects of organizations, capacities and technologies in risk assessment and human resources considering the situation of food safety and needs of food safety supervision.
-
2012,24(5):438-440, DOI:
Abstract:
目的优选QuEChERS方法中黄瓜拟除虫菊酯类农药残留净化剂的最佳组合。方法采用正交实验法,以农药加标回收率(气相色谱法)为指标,考察净化剂PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)、C18(C18烷基-硅胶)、GCB(石墨化炭黑)三因素的影响。结果重复试验表明,10 g黄瓜2 ml定容液净化剂的最佳组合是A2B1C2,即0.075 g PSA,0.025 g C18,0.050 g GCB。结论正交试验法用于优选蔬菜中农药残留检测的QuEChERS净化剂组合,既可节省试剂,又能满足检测需要。
-
SUN Yan-bin, SUN Ting, DONG Shu-xiang, LI Shi-kai, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Jun
2015,27(4):441-446, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2015.04.020
Abstract:
To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in dairy products, and to evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.Methods The contents of Pb, total-Hg, Cd, Cr and total-As in raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula and milk powder during 2012-2013 were detected. Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality. Results The detection rate of Pb, total-As, total-Hg, Cd and Cr were 14.0%(21/150), 24.7%(37/150), 82.0%(109/133), 26.3%(35/133)and 72.9%(43/59) in dairy products, respectively. Pb in raw milk and Cd in sterilized milk were not detected. The mean, P75 and P95 of total-Hg in raw milk were higher than the limit. The P95 of total-Hg in fermented milk and sterilized milk and Cd in milk powder were higher than the limit. The detection rate and single factor contamination index of total-Hg were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk, which indicated there was severe contamination in the raw milk(PHg>1) and mild contamination in fermented milk (PHg>0.6). The detection rate of Cr was the highest in infant formula and milk powder, while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest. The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with Pn=0.754, reaching mild level of contamination. The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk powder and infant formula.Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products were at the safe level of heavy metal contamination. Total-Hg was the dominant heavy metal contamination in liquid milk, while Cd in solid milk. Single factor contamination index and comprehensive contamination index of total-Hg in raw milk indicated that measures should be taken to prevent the contamination.
-
LEI Xiaoling, ZENG Shaokui, JIANG Zhihong, ZHANG Chaohua, WU Hongmian
2005(1), DOI:
Abstract:
The microbe change in export frozen shrimp(shrimp meat,headless shrimp)at different stages of processing was reported.The bacterial contamination of utensils,equipment environment was checked.The results demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of export frozen shrimp generally were up to the standard.Coliforms sometimes exceed the standard.Pathogens were not detected.Aerobic plate counts of utensils and equipment often go beyond the standard.
-
ZHOU Su-juan, , , WAN Chao, BAI Hong
2010,22(2):143-146, DOI:
Abstract:
Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.
-
2004(5), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
-
ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ning, LI Rong
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的探索反式白藜芦醇经口摄入后，在体内的雌激素作用和剂量一反应关系。方法选用19日龄未成年大鼠做子宫增重试验，分别经灌胃给予0．1、0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW的白藜芦醇，以3．0p∥kgBW的雌二醇为阳性对照，并设立水和油的阴性对照组，所有剂量组连续灌胃3d。实验结束称量子宫的湿重和干重，对卵巢、子宫和阴道进行组织病理学检查，并测量子宫内膜上皮细胞高度。结果和对照组比较，白藜芦醇对子宫重量无影响；组织病理学结果显示，1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的子宫轻度增生，0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的阴道轻度增生，无剂量-反应关系；受试物组子宫内膜上皮细胞高度无明显变化。结论白藜芦醇经口摄入时雌激素作用较弱，且无剂量-反应关系。
-
2007(4), DOI:
Abstract:
To accurately understand the inorganic arsenic origin in seafoods and scientifically appraise the quality of seafood products, some problems on arsenic chemical and speciation form, background value, inorganic arsenic and determination of arsenic in marine organisms were discussed. References were provided for determination of inorganic arsenic in seafoods.
-
ZHANG Li-wei, ZHAO Hong-jing, BAI Hong, WAN Chao
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的总结我国保健食品法律、法规、标准体系发展历史与现状，为未来发展提供建议。方法系统收集我国自1995年《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》首次赋予保健食品法律地位以来有关保健食品生产、销售、流通、监管环节的法律法规，进行纵向与横向的比较分析。结果从管理角度讲，我国保健食品经历了《保健食品管理办法》及《保健食品注册管理办法》两个时期，经历了一个逐步发展完善的过程，在立法过程中体现了“公平、公正、便民、高效和救济”等法制理念的不断进步。现在，我国保健食品法律、法规、标准在产品生产、市场、监控、评估4个方面基本形成了体系，并在新功能、新原料开发方面采取了更为开放的姿态。结论今后我国应加强技术性法规标准的建设，完善《保健食品注册管理办法》相应配套办法，进一步理顺各部门食品安全监管职能，明确责任，注重部门规章的衔接，进一步以法律、法规、标准体系建设整顿市场秩序，引导保健食品行业健康有序地发展。
-
2012,24(5):474-478, DOI:
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of microbiological criteria for ready-to-eat foods in Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Union,Australia,New Zealand,England and HongKong China,the article provides recommendations for the elaboration of microbiological criteria of Chinese national food standard.
-
Gan Binbin, Liu Zhanhua, Li Shaohao
2011,23(6):531-533, DOI:
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC.Methods Samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and separated on a CAPCELLPAKCR column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol ammonium acetate+acetonitrile(in 0.1% formic acid)(25+75,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 200 nm.Results The standard curve of glucosamine hydrochloride was linear over the range in 0.2~26.0 μg(r=0.999 982).The...
-
2011,23(5):472-477, DOI:
Abstract:
As indicator organisms,standards for aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae applied in each country were different.Based on the comparison and analysis of microbiological criteria of foods in Australia,New Zealand,European Communities,Canada and Hong Kong,recommendations and technical basis for the elaboration of general microbiological criteria of China’s national food safety standards were provided. 更多还原
-
ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yun-feng, ZHENG Hong-guo, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, ZHAO Yun-feng, MOU Shi-fen, ZHENG Hong-guo, WU Yong-ning
2008(4), DOI:
Abstract:
目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理，高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上，RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠，适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。
