Abstract:Objective To investigate the content of heavy metals in dendrocalamus latiflorus and soil of origin in the main production areas of dendrocalamus latiflorus in Guangxi， and to analyse their distribution characteristics.Methods A total of 115 soil samples of dendrocalamus latiflorus and 115 samples of dendrocalamus latiflorus were collected in the four main dendrocalamus latiflorus production areas of Nanning， Guilin， Liuzhou and Baise in Guangxi. As， Hg， Cd， Mn， Ba， Ni， Cu， Cr， Pb and Ti as 10 heavy metal elements in dendrocalamus latiflorus and soil samples were analyzed. The pollution of heavy metals in soil of origin was analyzed by the single-factor pollution index method and the Nemero composite pollution index method， and the correlation between heavy metals in jatropha dendrocalamus latiflorus and heavy metals in soil of origin and bioconcentration factor （BCF） was explored.Results All heavy metals in 115 dendrocalamus latiflorus samples did not exceed the limit values. In the soil samples from the production area， 16.5%， 3.5%， 0.9% and 1.7% of Cd， As， Cr and Ni respectively exceeded the risk screening values specified in the standard， while the elements Hg， Pb and Cu did not exceed the risk screening values， and the contamination index indicated that there was no obvious heavy metal contamination of the soil in the main production area of dendrocalamus latiflorus. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there were various complex correlations between the contents of each heavy metal element in dendrocalamus latiflorus and the contents of heavy metal elements in the soil of the corresponding origin. Jatropha shoots were generally weakly enriched for heavy metals （BCF<0.05）， with only Cu and Cd being relatively higher than the other elements.Conclusion None of the heavy metal contents in dendrocalamus latiflorus exceeded the limit values， and no obvious heavy metal contamination was seen in the soil of the origin， and there were many complex correlations between the heavy metals in dendrocalamus latiflorus and the heavy metal contents in the soil of the origin.

Abstract:Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 29 kinds of elements in different tissues of scallops by KED-ICP-MS.Methods After microwave digestion with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide， samples were quantified with pure water. The 29 elements， including Pb， Cd， Hg， As， Cr， Al， Mn， Cu， Ba， V， Se， Sb， Ni， Sn， Li， B， Zn， K， Na， Ca， Mg， Fe， Ti， Ag， Sr， Mo， Co， Rb and Tl in difference parts of scallops， were determined by KED-ICP-MS with the external standard method for quantification， and analyzed the distribution of elements in different tissues. Be， Sc， Ge， Rh， In， Re and Bi were chosen as internal standard elements to correct the drift of instrument signal and the matrix effects of samples.Results The linear correlative coefficients of 29 elements were higher than 0.999. The detection limits varied from 0.000 05 to 0.86 mg/kg， and the relative standard deviations were within 0.1%~18.9%， and the recovery rates were from 82.5% to 120%. The detection results of Lobster Hepatopancreas Certified Reference Material （TORT-3） and green tea （GBW 10052） were in accordance with the reference values. In this research， it has been found that the content distribution of Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Se、Mo、Cd、Sb、Ba、Tl and Mg in scallops is as follows： closure muscle < scallop skirt < gill < gonad < viscera； the content of Zn、Sr、Ag、Hg and Ca is as follows： closure muscle < scallop skirt < gonad < gill < viscera； K and Rb are in the order of gill < scallop skirt < viscera < gonad < closure muscle.Conclusion The method is simple， rapid， specific， sensitive and accurate， and can be used for the determination of 29 elements in different tissues of food such as scallops.

Abstract:Objective To establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 6 alternaria toxins in peanuts by solid phase purification column purification.Methods The sample was extracted with acetonitrile-water-formic acid， purified through solid phase purification columns. Using a mobile phase of methanol-1.0 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate solution， a HSS T3 column for separation， and ESI- mode for detection， and determined by UPLC-MS/MS， with internal standard quantification.Results The six types of alternaria toxins showed good linear relationships within their respective determination ranges （all r values were greater than 0.999）， the detection limit of this method were in the range of 0.02 to 0.23 μg/kg， the relative standard deviation was less than 3.5%， and the recoveries were 87.4%-117.7%.Conclusion This method is simple， fast， has good purification effects， high sensitivity， and good reproducibility， making it suitable for the rapid detection of residues of six types of alternaria toxins in peanuts simultaneously.

Abstract:Objective To explore the differences in phenotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus from different sources on Baird-Parker agar medium （hereinafter referred to as BP medium） produced by four manufacturers， so as to provide data support for the optimization and improvement of the test method.Methods The selected Staphylococcus aureus （n=62） was confirmed， its growth characteristics on BP medium were analyzed， and the differences in colony occurrence time， phenotype and growth rate of four brands of BP medium and Staphylocophilia aureus chromogenic medium were compared.Results All 62 strains were confirmed to be Staphylococcus aureus by MOLDI-TOF and plasma coagulase assays. After 20-24 h of culture on BP medium， all strains （n=62） did not show the typical colony characteristics of a “clear band” on the periphery of the colony given in GB 4789.10—2016， and some strains had atypical colony phenotypes with weakened and missing precipitation rings and zona pellucida even after 44-48 h of culture. The growth rate of a few strains on different brands of BP medium was less than 0.7， and there were significant differences in the colony appearance time and growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus on different brands of BP medium （P<0.01）. The colonies of Staphylococcus aureus on the chromogenic plate were blue-green， with no obvious phenotypic difference， and the growth rate was greater than 0.7.Conclusion The growth characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus on BP medium are closely related to the culture time and medium quality， and the uncertainty caused by the use of a single selective medium should be considered in the revision of GB 4789.10—2016， and a second selective medium should be introduced into the methodology to enhance the reliability and rigor of the test results.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes （L. monocytogenes） in commercially available fresh enoki mushrooms in Shijiazhuang City， and to analyze the genomic characterization of the strains.Methods A total of 49 samples of commercially available fresh enoki mushrooms were tested and characterized for L. monocytogenes， among which 18 strains of L. monocytogenes were isolated. All isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to determine strain sequence type （ST）， clonal complex （CC）， lineage， and serogroup， using the BIGSdb-Lm database. The presence of virulence genes and drug resistance genes was predicted using the VFDB virulence gene database and the CARD database.Results Eighteen strains of L. monocytogenes were isolated from 49 samples， with a detection rate of 36.7%. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that all 18 isolated strains belonged to lineage Ⅱ. Among them， 11 strains belonged to ST8， CC8 and serogroup 1/2a， while 7 strains belonged to ST9， CC9， and serotype 1/2c. All isolated strains carried the LIPI-1 virulence island genes and some genes in LIPI-2. Strain Lm02 carried the lnu gene， which mediates resistance to lincosamide antibiotics； strain Lm05 carried the mprF gene， which mediates resistance to peptide antibiotics； 15 strains carried both the lnu and mprF genes； in addition， 7 strains carried the norB gene， which mediates resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics.Conclusion There is a risk of L. monocytogenes contamination in fresh enoki mushrooms sold in Shijiazhuang City. It is essential to strengthen the detection and control of L. monocytogenes to ensure consumer health.

Abstract:Objective To investigation and analysis the pollution status and dietary exposure risk of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compound （PFASs） in animal-derived foods sold in Hu’nan Province.Methods From 2023 to 2024，a total of 266 samples of animal-derived foods including aquatic products， livestock meat， eggs， dairy products were randomly collected in Hu’nan Province. The content of 23 types of PFASs in the samples was determined by UPLC-MS/MS，and the dietary exposure of PFASs in animal derived foods was evaluated by the method of point estimation.Results Seventeen types of PFASs were detected in 202 samples，with a total detection rate of 75.9%. The overall detection rates of various types of food were ranked from high to low as follows： aquatic products （100%）>eggs （91.6%）> livestock meat （80.5%）>dairy products （24.2%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=94.69， P<0.05）；the content range of 23 PFASs was 0.01-8.17 ng/g，with the highest average PFOS content in aquatic products being 0.42 ng/g， the HQ evaluated from the total assessment of four PFASs including PFOA， PFNA， PFHxS， and PFOS in various foods were all less than 1.Conclusion The contamination of PFASs in animal derived food sold in Hu’nan Province was relatively common，but the degree of contaminationwais relatively light， and the impact on residents’ health was limited.

Abstract:Objective To develop and validate a wild mushroom consumption risk perception scale for college students based on Protection motivation theory （PMT）.Methods The scale was developed through literature review and expert consultation， then administered to 216 college students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined structural validity， while Cronbach’s α assessed internal consistency reliability. Composite reliability （CR） and average variance extracted （AVE） evaluated convergent and discriminant validity.Results The final scale contained 21 items across two dimensions （threat appraisal and coping appraisal） with seven factors. Overall Cronbach’s α was 0.851， with all dimensional α coefficients >0.726. KMO value was 0.826 with significant Bartlett’s test （P<0.001）. All factors showed AVE >0.5， CR >0.75， and MSV<AVE， meeting convergent and discriminant validity requirements. The scale effectively differentiated groups with varying cognitive levels （P<0.01）.Conclusion The PMT-based scale demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing college students’ wild mushroom risk perception.

Abstract:Objective Collected the problems and suggestions in the implementation of the National Standard for Food Safety Microbiological Inspection of Staphylococcus aureus （GB 4789.10—2016） to provide reference for the revision of the standard.Methods The problems encountered in the use of the standard and the opinions and suggestions for the subsequent revision of the standard were collected through the network questionnaire.Results Ninety-two valid questionnaires were received. It included 61 effective comments and suggestions on the subsequent revision of the standard， mainly including the optimization of the “first method of Staphylococcus aureus qualitative test” and the “second method of Staphylococcus aureus plate counting method”， as well as added selective media， the optimization of the test process， and added the test plate counting method.Conclusion GB 4789.10—2016 standard takes a long time to implement， and it should be appropriately revised according to the feedback and the development of current technology.

Abstract:Under the guidance of the “Healthy China 2030” Outline， China is gradually promoting the development of food education. As a key means to improve the health literacy of the whole people and prevent chronic diseases， this paper compares and analyzes the food education models of Japan and the United States， explores their similarities and differences in policy formulation， education implementation and social participation， and provides a reference for the development of food education in China. The study found that Japan has established a comprehensive food education framework to promote cultural inheritance and social responsibility through systematic legislation； the United States has passed a series of bills to support the school lunch program， focusing on individual health management and behavior change， and solving health crises through precise intervention. Despite different paths， food education practices of the two countries have shown a positive impact on specific health indicators. China should speed up the legislative process， promote a deeper understanding of food education， build stronger coordination mechanisms， and prioritize talent training and technology empowerment， jointly build a food education system that conforms to national conditions， promote the implementation of policies， and provide solid theoretical and practical support for achieving the grand goal of a healthy China.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning in Shandong Province and provide evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze epidemiological data on poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents in Shandong Province reported through the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System” from 2012 to 2024.Results From 2012 to 2024， a total of 290 poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents were reported in Shandong Province， with 779 cases and 26 deaths， resulting in a case-fatality rate of 3.34%. Most poisoning incidents occurred between July and September （82.76%， 240/290）. Yantai， Weifang， and Weihai were high-incidence areas （56.21%， 163/290）. households were the main sites of outbreaks （98.62%， 286/290）. Most cases aged ≥20 years （89.86%， 700/779）， while most deaths aged ≥60 years （42.31%， 11/26）. Only 35 outbreaks （12.07%） could identify the specific mushroom species， mainly from the Amanitaceae， Boletaceae， and Lepiotaceae families.Conclusion Poisonous mushroom poisoning is a leading cause of death from foodborne diseases in Shandong Province. Before the high-incidence season， targeted public education emphasizing refraining from picking， purchasing， selling， or consuming wild mushrooms should be conducted in key areas and among key populations. Concurrently， there is an urgent need to enhance rapid mushroom identification capabilities to support timely clinical diagnosis and evidence-based treatment.

Abstract:Objective To characterize the etiological characteristics， molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from outbreaks cases in Shaoxing City from 2022 to 2023.Methods The Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from five outbreak events from 2022 to 2023. Serotyping， molecular typing， drug resistance testing， virulence gene detection and bioinformatics analysis were performed by slide agglutination， pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）， broth microdilution， multiple fluorescent PCR and whole genome sequencing methods.Results The 36 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from 1 leftover dinner ingredient， 2 kitchen swabs （cloth and cutting board） and 33 clinical anal swabs associated with outbreak. These isolates comprised ten different serotypes， with O10：K4 being the predominant one. All strains were divided into 11 band types， and the main PFGE type was S2. Among these strains， higher rates of resistance to cefazolin （36/36）， Ampicillin （9/36）， streptomycin （2/36） were found. All strains were positive for tlh and negative for trh. The 31clinical isolates and 1 environmental isolate carried tdh gene. 4 known ST types， 2 new ST types and 23 core genome MLST （cgMLST） types were identified by sequence analysis. Thirty-four strains carried the resistant gene， mainly bla_CARB-22.Conclusion Five foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were occurred in Shaoxing from 2022 to 2023. O10：K4 was the predominant serotypes of outbreaks. The isolates were all resistant to cefazolin. There is a high homogeneity between the strains of different outbreaks， indicating persistent sources of contamination ignored by traditional methods. It is necessary to strengthen the tracing and epidemiological investigation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in this region.

Abstract:Foodborne parasitic diseases is one of the important public health problems and also a new challenge for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Its characteristics of long incubation time in humans， with no vaccine， no lifelong immunity and seriously harmful to the health of the population， makes prevention particularly difficult. Rapid and accurate detection of parasites in food is the trend of their future prevention and control. This article reviews the techniques used in the detection of foodborne parasites， including pathogen detection， immunological detection， molecular biology detection， etc.， so as to promote the wide application of advanced technology in food detection and ensure food safety.