Abstract:Objective To understand the serotype， drug resistance status， and homology of Salmonella in the food poisoning incident， and provide scientific basis for investigating and tracing the source of the food poisoning incident.Methods Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used for serotyping of Salmonella from diarrhea patients in food poisoning events， their common dining environment and food samples， micro broth dilution method was used for drug sensitivity test， pulsed field gel electrophoresis test and whole genome sequencing for homology analysis.Results Twelve strains of Salmonella were successfully isolated and cultured （including 2 food samples， 1 kitchen utensil sample and feces from 9 patients）， which were identified as Salmonella enterica by serum typing. All 12 strains of Salmonella enterica were multidrug-resistant strains， with the predominant resistance being STR-AMP-AMS-NAL-CIP-CT； The homology of 12 strains of Salmonella enteritidis is greater than 80%.Conclusion The Salmonella enterica that caused the food poisoning in this case are all multidrug-resistant， and the Salmonella enterica from food， kitchen utensils and patients have a high degree of homology， indicating that the food poisoning incident was caused by this food.

Abstract:Objective To understand the pollution levels of elements and pesticide residues of Ganoderma lucidum in Jilin Province. The cumulative exposure health risk of introducing Pb， Cd， As， Hg and pesticide residues when consuming Ganoderma lucidum.Methods Forty-eight samples of Ganoderma lucidum planted in Jilin Province were collected. The contents of 37 elements and 57 pesticide residues were tested in accordance with the national food safety standard method. The exposure level of major Pb， Cd， As， Hg and pesticide residues was calculated by deterministic point assessment method and the cumulative exposure level of hazard index （HI） and relative efficacy factor （RPF）.Results Pb， Cd， As， Hg were widely detected in Jilin Province， with the detection rate between 95.8% and 100.0%， while the excess rates of Pb and Hg were 2.08% and 4.17%， respectively. The average daily exposure level of the four elements was between 0.000 2 and 0.001 1 μg/（kg·BW）. The exposure level of the high consumption population was between 0.000 3 and 0.003 4 μg/（kg·BW）. For the cumulative exposure of Pb， Cd， As， Hg， the HI value of the average consumption level was 1.98×10^-3 and the HI value of the high consumption population was 6.26×10^-3. The detection rate of the 5 pyrethroid pesticides was between 4.17% and 16.7%， the acute exposure level was between 4.64×10^-5 and 5.65×10^-4 mg/（kg·BW）， the acute cumulative exposure level was 1.25×10^-3 mg/（kg·BW）. The margin of exposure （MOE） value of pyrethroid pesticides was 8 800.Conclusion Based on HI method and RPF method， the exposure assessment of hazardous elements and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the consumer population of Ganoderma lucidum in Jilin Province was evaluated. The risk of chronic cumulative exposure of elements and the risk of acute cumulative exposure of pyrethrin pesticide residues were at acceptable levels.

Abstract:Food science popularization is of great significance for improving public scientific literacy and promoting the healthy development of the industry. However， there have long been issues such as a scarcity of professionals， lack of innovation， and insufficient dissemination. The booming artificial intelligence technology， as a new productive tool， has greatly improved the efficiency of content production. While bringing opportunities to food science popularization， the disruptive challenges it brings also need attention. This article analyzes both the opportunities and challenges， and proposes forward-looking countermeasures and suggestions for reference.

Abstract:Objective A method for determination of acrylamide in Xinjiang specialty foods （naan products， rice dumplings， roasted buns and oil incense） by solid phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established.Methods Using water-acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and n-hexane as the degreasing solvent， the sample was extracted by vortex oscillation. After centrifugation， remove the layer solution and purify it through MCX solid phase extraction column. The purified liquid was concentrated by nitrogen blowing and measured after resolvation with pure water. Water-methanol was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution， ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 （100 mm×2.1 mm， 1.8 μm） column separation， and tandem mass spectrometry isotope internal standard method for qualitative quantification.Results The method has good linearity in the range of 1.0-200 ng/mL （r²=0.999 5）. Among the four foods， the standard recovery rate of the three concentration levels were 89.5%-99.4%， and the relative standard deviation （n=6） were 1.8%-6.4%.Conclusion This method has low consumption of solvent extraction， easy operation， good purification effect， accurate results， which is suitable for the determination of acrylamide in Xinjiang specialty foods.

Abstract:Objective To establish a method for the determination of trace selenium （Se） in wheat flour by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）.Methods The wheat flour samples were processed by microwave digestion method， and cesium （74Ge） was used as internal standard. Different concentrations of monoethanol were added into the internal standard as sensitizers to determine the most appropriate sensitizer concentration. The anti-interference ability of helium collision mode and oxygen reaction pool mode was investigated to determine the optimal conditions for the determination of trace selenium in wheat flour by ICP-MS.Results 1% n-butanol was used as sensitizer， and the sensitizing efficiency and background equivalent concentration of Se were the best. The concentration was selected between 0.25-10.0 μg/L to draw the standard curve， the correlation coefficient r was 0.999 5， the detection limit was 0.001 mg/kg， the RSD of wheat flour sample was 1.37%， the average recovery rates of low， medium and high concentrations of selenium were 96.5%， 97.4% and 96.5% respectively. The results of GBW10045a GSB-23a Hu’nan rice quality control samples were satisfactory.Conclusion By using 1% n-butanol （v/v） as internal standard， the ICP-MS method for the determination of Se in wheat flour has the advantages of high sensitivity， accuracy and good repeatability， and is suitable for the determination of trace Se in wheat flour.

Abstract:Objective To understand the residue levels of quinolone antibiotics residues in commonly marketed freshwater fish and shrimp from Shandong Province and risk assessment of dietary exposure.Methods From 2021 to 2023， a total of 480 freshwater fish and shrimp were collected from 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province， the residues of six quinolone antibiotics were detected using solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）， the dietary exposure was calculated to assess the risk of antibiotics exposure in freshwater fish and shrimp.Results The total detection rate of quinolone antibiotics in marketed freshwater fish and shrimp in Shandong Province from 2021 to 2023 was 36.0%（173/480）， with an exceedance rate of 3.54%（17/480）. Among the six antibiotics， enrofloxacin was detected in the largest number of samples， with a detection rate of 34.8% （167/480）； followed by ciprofloxacin， with a detection rate of 7.08% （34/480）； ofloxacin was detected in three samples； lomefloxacin was detected in two samples； pefloxacin and norfloxacin were not detected in any of the 480 samples. The detection rate of fish was higher than that of shrimp， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The average and maximum exposures of all age groups were less than the acceptable daily intake.Conclusion There are quinolone antibiotics residues in freshwater fish and shrimp in Shandong Province， and the exposure risk is low，but the exposure risk of children is higher than that of adults， and continuous monitoring and continuous monitoring and supervision should be strengthened.

Abstract:Objective Assess the exposure levels and health risks of DON and acetylated derivatives from grains and their products in Ji’nan.Methods Two hundred and four grains samples in 2022 were collected，the acute toxicity risk and chronic toxicity risk of DON group dietary exposure were evaluated by point evaluation and probability evaluation methods for different age and gender groups in Ji’nan.Results The point assessment shows that there is no significant acute intake risk among Ji’nan populations at the highest pollution levels of DON and acetylated derivatives， but about 10% high pollution levels of grains and products pose chronic risks to health. The probability assessment results indicate that the median level of DON group exposure is 0.096-0.228 μg/（kg·BW·d）. And 3.11%-10.74% population has higher exposure levels than PMTDI， high-risk group is the younger age group. The DON content in wheat flour and products is the main risk factor for DON group dietary exposure， with a contribution rate from 93.8% to 98.0%.Conclusion The overall risk of DON group dietary exposure among Ji’nan populations is relatively low， but the younger age group is a high-risk group and should be taken seriously.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the contamination of 4 kinds of alternaria toxins in grains in Shaanxi Province and evaluate the risk to the health of dietary exposure.Methods A total of 171 samples of wheat flour， rice and corn grits were randomly collected in circulation in 2022. Four kinds of alternaria toxins were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The health risk of altemaria toxins in grains were evaluated based on the threshold of toxicological concern method.Results The average contents of alternariol， alternariol monomethyl ether， tenuazonic acid and tentoxin were 0.128， 0.461， 15.3 and 1.67 μg/kg in grains， with the detection rates of 8.19， 56.73， 57.31 and 38.01%， respectively. There was a significant correlation between tenuazonic acid and tentoxin contents in wheat flour. The alternariol average dietary exposure is 0.64 ng/（kg·BW·d）， below the corresponding TTC values. The alternariol P_97.5 dietary exposure is 4.62 ng/（kg·BW·d）， above the corresponding TTC values. The alternariol monomethyl ether average and P_97.5 dietary exposures are 3.45 and 17.8 ng/（kg·BW·d）， above the corresponding TTC values. The tenuazonic acid average and P_97.5 dietary exposures are 144 and 336 ng/（kg·BW·d）， below the corresponding TTC values. The tentoxin average and P_97.5 dietary exposures are 16.7 and 32.6 ng/（kg·BW·d）， below the corresponding TTC values.Conclusion The grains were contaminated by 4 kinds of alternaria toxins to different degrees in Shaanxi Province. The dietary exposure levels of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in grains exceed the TTC values， and children aged from 2 to 7 years old were higher exposure. Tenuazonic acid and tentoxin were lower dietary exposure.

Abstract:Objective To understand the current situation of cadmium pollution in rice noodles sold in Jiangxi Province and to assess the health risk of cadmium exposure among rice noodle consumers.Methods A total of 163 samples of raw dried and fresh rice noodles were collected from 11 regions of Jiangxi Province， the cadmium content was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The food frequency survey method was used to investigate the rice noodles consumption of rice noodle consumers in the corresponding areas， the simple distribution assessment method was used to assess the health risk of rice noodles cadmium exposure among rice noodle consumers in Jiangxi Province.Results The total detection rate and over standard rate of cadmium in 163 rice noodles from Jiangxi Province were 87.1% （142/163） and 1.23% （2/163）， respectively. The cadmium content range was 0.003-0.225 mg/kg. The average and median values were 0.034 and 0.020 mg/kg， respectively. The cadmium content and detection rate of raw dried rice noodles were higher than those of fresh rice noodles. The average and P₉₅ of the monthly rice noodle cadmium exposure among rice noodle consumers were 1.11 and 3.46 μg/kg·BW， accounting for 4.4% and 13.8% of ［PTMI， 25 μg/（kg·BW）］， respectively. The cadmium exposure of rice noodles in children and adolescents was higher than that in people over 18 years old. The cadmium exposure of rice noodle consumers in Yingtan area was the highest ［2.57 μg/（kg·BW）］， followed by Yichun ［2.39 μg/（kg·BW）］， Pingxiang ［1.94 μg/（kg·BW）］ and Fuzhou ［1.88 μg/（kg·BW）］.Conclusion The overall cadmium pollution level of rice noodles sold in Jiangxi Province was low， and the cadmium exposure risk of rice noodle consumers through rice noodles was at an acceptable level.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the overall situation of food safety sampling inspection in Beijing City in recent years， and provide reference for formulating corresponding food safety regulatory policies.Methods Summarize the food safety inspection data of Beijing City from 2020 to 2022 using Excel software， analyze the sampling inspection results of different types of food and analyze the impact of changes in sampling items， testing methods and judgment standards on the inspection results.Results From 2020 to 2022， Beijing completed a total of 132 540 batches of food safety inspection with 1 590 batches failing with a failure rate of 1.20%. Among the 40 types of products sampled， tableware was the most severely unqualified， with a total unqualified rate of 10.96%（156/1 424） over the past three years. The unqualified rates for aquatic products and vegetables were 4.84%（376/7 762） and 2.83%（465/16 413）， respectively. Cocoa and roasted coffee products， beans and other samples were not found to be unqualified. The factors such as sampling items， testing method and judgment standards have a relatively small impact on the inspection results of tableware and aquatic products， but a significant impact on the failure rate of vegetable inspection.Conclusion The overall unqualified rate of food safety sampling inspection in Beijing is relatively low， but the unqualified rate of tableware and aquatic products is relatively high， which has an obviously increase trend and is worthy of special attention. In recent years， there have been frequent changes in the standards and norms that affect the results of vegetable inspection， which have had a certain impact on the failure rate of vegetable inspection. However， pesticide residues in vegetables are still a key focus of food safety supervision.

Abstract:Objective To understand the understanding of local food safety standards，investigate the requirements of local raw materials， and promote the improvement of record system of local food safety standards.Methods The questionnaire is designed around whether it is covered by national standards， what is local characteristics， the index setting in standards， and the standard requirements of local raw materials. Through the analysis of the investigation results， the relevant problems are discussed. Finally， we put forward the local standard management suggestions.Results A total of 4 301 valid opinions were collected. In the questionnaire， there are 631 people who believe that there are universal standards but no product standards regarding their understanding of whether they are covered by national standards. There are 937 people who believe that craftsmanship is unique to the local area in terms of understanding what local characteristics are. There are 593 people who believe that only food safety indicators are included in the understanding of indicator settings in local standards. A total of 149 questionnaires were collected regarding the development of local characteristic raw material standards. Among them， American ginseng was the most frequently filled out （7 times）， followed by Sanqi （4 times）， Tianma （4 times）， Guangchenpi （4 times）， etc. This reflects that the management path of local characteristic raw materials in some provinces is still unclear.Conclusion As for the scope of local standards， it should be judged whether it is covered by national standards， and whether local standards need to be set， on the basis of scientific risk assessment. As for the content of local standards， the index setting in local standards should be studied on the basis of ensuring public health and reasonably giving consideration to other indicators. As for the management of local raw material standards， the management should be clarified on the basis of following the overall thinking of food safety legal standard system.

Abstract:Objective To construct a set of scientific and comprehensive food safety evaluation models for assessing the overall situation of regional food safety.Methods The food safety evaluation index system was established by considering environmental factors， public satisfaction， food safety supervision， and other influencing factors， and the combination weights were assigned to each index by using the combination weighting method， and the approximate ideal solution method was used to analyze the overall situation of regional food safety based on the data of multiple indexes.Results It was determined that the food safety evaluation index system includes 5 primary indicators and 14 secondary indicators， including population and economic status， environmental status， food safety supervision， food consumption safety， and social satisfaction. Using the statistical data related to the evaluative sampling of food safety in A Province in 2021 for empirical evidence， a comprehensive evaluation of the food safety status in 21 prefecture-level cities in A Province was carried out.Conclusion The model constructs the evaluation index system from multiple perspectives and levels and sets the weights of the indexes in a scientific way， which makes the food safety evaluation index system more comprehensive， further enhances the credibility of the evaluation results， and provides a new path for exploring the comprehensive evaluation of the food safety situation.

Abstract:With the success in combating infectious diseases， chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer have become new major health threats. Unreasonable nutrition is an important risk factor for chronic， non-communicable diseases. To improve the nutritional and health status of the population， the Chinese government has launched a series of reasonable nutritional measures and is committed to improving the health of the entire population. Through cooperation between government departments， the establishment of a regulatory system， a favorable social environment for nutrition and health， and the construction of nutrition and health facilities， nutrition and health services have been greatly improved. The nutrition and health indicators of residents have continued to improve. The international community has closely followed China’s health efforts. On this basis， we will make further suggestions for the future development of China’s healthy and reasonable nutrition policy.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of microbial foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2022 and provide basis and support for the prevention and control of microbial foodborne diseases.Methods The outbreaks of microbial foodborne diseases reported in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2022 were summarized and conducted descriptive analysis.Results A total of 64 outbreaks of microbial foodborne diseases were reported in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2022 Leading to 1 613 illnesses and 5 death， with the case fatality rate of 0.31%；the outbreaks of microbial foodborne diseases were mainly concentrated in May， June， July and September； all cities and prefectures have reported， Guiyang City， Anshun City reported the most outbreaks； poisoning places mainly occur in the home and school； the main pathogenic factors were Staphylococcus aureus and its toxin， Bacillus cereus and Salmonella； the main implicated food were grain products， multiple or complex food， meat and meat products.Conclusion The number of microbial foodborne disease outbreaks reported in Guizhou Province is small， but the number of cases is large. It is necessary to enhance the capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in Guizhou Province to handle food safety incidents and improve the identification rate of pathogenic factors； strengthen the publicity and education of microbial foodborne diseases to reduce the occurrence of microbial foodborne disease outbreaks.

Abstract:The Burkholderia gladioli Pv. cocovenenans， along with its toxin， Bongkrekic acid， represents one of the deadliest pathogens causing foodborne illnesses in China. This review systematically compiles and summarizes the latest research progress on this pathogen and its toxin. It covers the classification characteristics， development of detection methods， chemical properties of the toxin， factors influencing toxin production， toxicity mechanisms， attributed foods， and prevention and control strategies. The study aims to enhance consumers awareness of food safety issue caused by B. cocovenenans， provide scientific reference for the food industry， regulatory agencies and consumers， as well as a scientific basis for preventing and controlling such food poisoning incidents.