Abstract:Objective By analyzing the food consumption structure and carbon emissions among Chinese residents from 2014 to 2020， this study aims to provide scientific support for guiding residents towards adopting sustainable consumption patterns and achieving the dual carbon goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.Methods The study focuses on food consumption and extends to food-related carbon emissions. By using comprehensive food carbon emission coefficients and the life cycle assessment method， both direct and indirect carbon emissions caused by food consumption among Chinese residents were calculated， and the evolving trend of food-related carbon emissions is explored.Results The food structure of Chinese residents increases year by year with the animal food consumption， and the greenhouse gas emissions also increase significantly. Under the hypothetical scenarios assuming gradual adjustments of food consumption structure to meet dietary guidelines by 2030， 2040 and 2050， the total greenhouse gas emissions are projected to peak in 2030， 2040 and 2049， respectively， with certain increases compared to the current level.Conclusion The adjustment of food consumption structure in China has brought great pressure on carbon emission reduction. Based on the above results and conclusions， reasonable policy implications are proposed.

Abstract:Objective To examine perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）-induced DNA damage using a combined in vivo and in vitro experiment.Methods Acellular nuclear DNA damage was used as a model to test the damage induced by exposure to 0.00， 0.13， 0.25， and 0.50 mmol/L PFOA for 1 h. The YAC-1 cell was used as the research model. In the cytotoxicity study， the effects of different dosages on cell activity were determined via CCK-8 assay. The final PFOA concentrations were 0， 1.0×10^-8， 1.0×10^-7， and 1.0×10^-6 mol/L. DNA damage was detected after 3 d of exposure. Rats were gavage with 0， 10， 20， 40 mg/kg·BW PFOA twice. The liver， bone marrow， and peripheral blood of rats were removed 6 h after the last administration. Alkaline and neutral comet assay were performed to measure DNA damage. The micronucleus test was performed to measure bone marrow chromosome breakage.Results Compared with the control group， acellular and cell alkaline DNA comet assay result showed that the tail DNA% of acellular nuclear DNA increased significantly in each dose group （P<0.05） within dose response relationship. The acellular and cell neutral DNA comet assay results showed no DNA breakage in each dose group （P>0.05）. The tail DNA% of each dose group in the alkaline comet assay was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）， showing a dose-response relationship. No significant difference was observed in the neutral comet assay （P>0.05）. Compared with the control group， the alkaline and neutral comet assay results showed that the tail DNA% of bone marrow， liver， and peripheral blood cells group showed no DNA breakage in each dose group （P>0.05）. Compared with the control group， the test of bone marrow micronucleus was negative （P>0.05）.Conclusion PFOA can cause DNA single-strand breakage at the subcellular level in vitro， and exposure does not induce DNA and chromosome breakage in rats after oral exposure.

Abstract:Objective Based on the reference dose （RfD） of deoxynivalenol （DON）， the applicability of probabilistic RfD was explored.Methods Based on the uncertainty analysis guidelines established by the World Health Organization， an experimental study of chronic oral exposure to DON in mice was performed to derive RfD. The probability distribution of the reference dose of DON was calculated by the approximate probabilistic method and the complete probabilistic method， respectively. Then， sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the ability of the two probabilistic methods to analyze uncertainty factors.Results The complete probabilistic RfD of DON was 0.42 μg/kg·BW·d， which was higher than the approximate probabilistic reference dose of 0.30 μg/kg·BW·d， and the complete probabilistic method had an uncertainty spanning factor of 42， which was slightly lower than factor of 46 of the approximate probabilistic method， suggested that complete probabilistic RfD had lower conservatism. Sensitivity analysis showed that the complete probabilistic method greatly reduced the uncertainty caused by point of departure （POD）.Conclusion The complete probability method has advantages over the approximate probabilistic method in analyzing uncertainty， especially in POD aspects. If the data can satisfy the Bayesian analysis of dose-response model， the use of the complete probabilistic method is recommended.

Abstract:Objective To investigate and analyze the effect of Taka-diastase used for the detection of vitamin B₂ （source of riboflavin-5'-sodium phosphate） on the results of the tested sample.Methods According to the requirements of the national standard method GB 5009.85—2016， Method One， the content of vitamin B₂ （source of riboflavin-5'-sodium phosphate） in the tested sample was determined to investigate the influence of Taka-diastase and its operational conditions on the quantification results.Results Taka-diastase from different sources had a major effect on the vitamin B₂ （source of riboflavin-5'-sodium phosphate） measurement results， and the maximum difference between the measured and theoretical values was more than 10 fold. The results indicated that an enzymatic hydrolysis time of 12 h， and pH 6.0—6.5 were optimal.Conclusion When the national standard method was used to detect vitamin B₂ （source of riboflavin-5'-sodium phosphate） in beverages， the selection of Taka-diastase had a significant effect on the detection results.

Abstract:Objective To establish an analytical method for determination of three types of citrate ester plasticizers in PVC plastic food contact materials using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Methods The samples were extracted with n-hexane/dichloromethane （1∶1， V/V）， purified via silica gel solid phase extraction column， eluted using acetonitrile/ethyl acetate （1∶4， V/V）， added into a UPLC-MS/MS system， separated by BEH C₁₈ column （2.1 mm × 50 mm， 1.7 μm） with acetonitrile and ultrapure water as mobile phase， detected using an ESI source in MRM positive ion mode， and quantified using an external standard.Results The linear relationship of the method was good and the coefficient of determination （R²） was greater than 0.996. The limits of detection were 0.1-0.6 μg/kg， and the limits of quantitation were 0.3-2.2 μg/kg. The recoveries of the three types of citrate esters plasticizers were 70.3%-103.1%， and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） （n=6） were 0.9%-9.8%.Conclusion The proposed method is highly sensitive， rapid， and highly applicable， and can meet the requirements for the detection of citrate ester plasticizers in plastic materials， which provides a means to supervise the addition of new plasticizers.

Abstract:Objective To provide technical support for combating adulteration of plant-derived ingredients， the detection application of non-directional screening of plant-derived ingredients in food was realized.Methods Modified CTAB， SDS， and kit methods were used to extract genomic DNA from various plant-derived foods. Quality， concentration， and purity of the obtained DNA were compared. Using the RbcL gene in the chloroplast genome of plants as a barcode， 30 plant species were selected to verify the universality and specificity of this primer. Combining the second-generation high-throughput sequencing with DNA barcode technology， species identification of four mixed plant samples sold in Shandong Province was performed.Results DNA extraction using the improved CTAB and kit methods removed the interference of polysaccharides and polyphenols， which was an ideal effect， whereas that of the SDS method was poor. The DNA concentration obtained by CTAB method was higher than that obtained using the kit method. This method had a good performance in universality and specificity of 30 selected plant species. At the genus and species level， the identification rate of plant species in mixed samples was high. The detection rate at the species level was 98%， and resulted in non-target matching.Conclusion The RbcL gene can be used as a barcode for plant species identification. The discrimination rate is high at the genus level. At the species level， detection rate was high and discrimination rate was low. To provide a foundation for the advancement of DNA metabarcoding method in the field of identification for plant-derived components in food， the method can be further improved by increasing the barcode length.

Abstract:Objective To establish a rapid detection method for multiple recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification （RPA） of African swine fever virus （ASFV）， Porcine Delta coronavirus （PDCoV）， and Seneca virus type A （SVA）.Methods RPA detection was carried out using recombinant plasmid as a template， and reaction conditions such as temperature， time， and primer probe ratio were optimized. Multiple RPA detection methods were established， which were applied to the detection of actual samples， and the accuracy of the established method was evaluated by comparing with the results of real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction （qPCR）.Results Simultaneous detection of the three viruses can be achieved within 20 min with good specificity. Sensitivity to ASFV， PDCoV， and SVA was 940， 770， and 570 copies/μL， respectively. The accuracy rates for actual sample detection were 93.33%， 100.00%， and 100.00%， respectively.Conclusion The established multiple RPA method is fast and convenient， and it is suitable for on-site preliminary screening of ASFV， PDCoV， and SVA in pork and pork products.

Abstract:Objective To provide basic data and reference for the formulation of local standards in Beijing and relevant risk monitoring and evaluation， detailed information of the types， raw materials， and products of local characteristic food in Beijing were comprehensively examined.Methods Big data mining software and field surveys were conducted to investigate the characteristic food and raw food materials in Beijing.Results Eighty-six types of common edible wild vegetables were identified in Beijing. The top five were Hemerocallis citrina Baroni， Toona sinensis， Capsella bursa-pastoris， Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz， and Koelreuteria paniculata， but only Hemerocallis citrina Baroni and Toona sinensis were in bulk circulation. The most commonly used characteristic raw materials of Toona sinensis， Macrobranchium nipponense， Chinese prickly ash sprouts， Oncorhynchus mykiss， Cortinellus edudes and so on were identified in 1 760 agritainments in Beijing. Beijing has issued 88 local standards related to food and raw materials， most of which are technical regulations/specifications for the production of food raw materials， and so far no local standards for food safety have been issued in Beijing.Conclusion There are few unique special foods and special raw materials in Beijing， which are mainly concentrated in catering and homemade dishes， and there is no corresponding local food safety standards. In the future， the focus of the development of local food safety standards can be focused on local special food and production norms made by traditional processes.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the status quo of consumer health food knowledge， attitude， and behavior （KAP） and explore related influencing factors in order to provide a basis for the development of health food science popularization.Methods A survey on KAP of health food was conducted among consumers in 23 provinces and 4 municipalities directly through online questionnaires， and professional quality and working intention of science popularization workers and health food workers were investigated.Results The average awareness rate of consumer health food knowledge was 45.30%， the average rate of holding the correct attitude was 67.92%， and the average rate of correct behavior was 44.86%. Age， registered residence， educational background， and industry were factors that affected the KAP score of health food， and there was a positive correlation between the scores of knowledge， attitude， and behavior. There were some problems in the work of science popularization， such as insufficient science popularization， single science popularization form， and one-sided science popularization content.Conclusion The overall level of consumers’ knowledge， attitude， and behavior regarding health food is low； science popularization should be strengthened， and interest in science popularization should be increased. At the same time， the principle of objectivity should be followed to popularize the efficacy of health food.

Abstract:Objective The status of genetically modified ingredients in prepackaged food was investigated and analyzed， and the labeling system and practical use of genetically modified food in China was discussed.Methods GB/T 38505—2020 General detection methods for genetically modified products were used to detect 5 genetically modified crops （soybean， maize， rape， rice， and potato） in processed products. Ten exogenous gene fragments of five crops that could cover all commercial genetically modified events were tested at one time.Results Among the 42 products sampled， 6 batches of soybean products， 1 batch of potato products， and 3 batches of corn products containing genetically modified components were detected.Conclusion A certain proportion of genetically modified ingredients in the existing prepackaged food products can be detected， and this needs to be further regulated by a strict food labeling system.

Abstract:Objective This study was designed to investigate cadmium （Cd） pollution levels in wheat and wheat flour in different cities of Shandong Province， as well as conduct preliminary health risk assessment of Cd intake via wheat flour.Methods 1 789 samples of wheat or wheat flour were collected from farmers’ markets， supermarkets， and farmers in 16 cities of Shandong Province. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was performed to determine the Cd content in wheat. Based on the data of residents’ wheat flour consumption， the risk of Cd exposure of residents through wheat flour was estimated.Results The Cd level of wheat was higher than that of wheat flour （Z=-12.50，P<0.001）， and there were differences among cities in Cd levels in both wheat and wheat flours. The estimated monthly intake （EMI） of the average consumer group in Shandong Province was 1.18 μg/kg·BW， accounting for 4.72% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI）. The EMI of the high-consumption population of wheat flour was 2.87 μg/kg·BW， accounting for 11.47% of the PTMI.Conclusion The exposure risk of dietary Cd from wheat flour in the average consumer population of Shandong Province is low； however， further attention should be paid to the exposure risk to dietary Cd in high wheat-flour consumers in cities with relatively high Cd content.

Abstract:Objective To assess the risk of exposure in the population in 7 provinces and cities in China， the intake of glutamates （calculated for glutamic acid） in Chinese restaurant diners was calculated and compared with the recommended intake.Methods A multi-stage stratified and population-proportional whole-group random sampling method was used to randomly select condiments in seven provinces/municipalities： Beijing， Chongqing， Liaoning， Shandong， Guangxi， Jiangsu， and Shaanxi. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the glutamate content of collected condiments. The glutamate intake was calculated based on individual consumption and body weight data obtained during the investigation based on a simple distribution model of restaurant diners.Results The highest levels of glutamates were found in flavoring agents and enhancers， followed by chicken essence/chicken powder， solid compound condiments other than chicken essence， liquid compound condiments， soy sauce， semi-solid compound condiments based on animal ingredients， spices， and brewing preparation sauces， etc. The lowest levels of glutamates were found in salt and salt substitutes. The mean glutamate intake of a meal for restaurant diners was 47.87 mg/kg·BW， accounting for 39.89% of the ADI set by JECFA. The mean glutamate intake for a day was 61.33 mg/kg·BW when considering food consumed outside the restaurant during the day， accounting for 51.11% of the ADI. Among diners of different restaurant sizes， medium-sized restaurants had the highest intake of glutamates during a meal， with a median intake of 44.46 mg/kg·BW， followed by large restaurants and small restaurants， with significant differences （P<0.05） observed in glutamate intake among all three groups. All mean values were < 50% of ADI. In different regions， the median intake of glutamate among diners in Guangdong Province was the highest at 64.22 mg/kg·BW， and the lowest was 18.66 mg/kg·BW in Beijing. Two-by-two comparison showed that the intake levels differed between provinces and cities （P<0.05）， except for Shandong Province and Shaanxi Province where the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）， and the mean values as a proportion of ADI were <80%. When comparing urban and county cities， the intake of urban restaurant diners was significantly higher than that of county cities （P<0.05）， and the mean values were < 50% of the ADI.Conclusion The level of glutamate in condiments consumed in Chinese restaurant diners is still at an acceptable level. However， the level of glutamate intake varied between different provinces and cities， and cities and counties.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the contamination levels of anthraquinone （9，10-anthraquinone as representative） in tea for sale in border areas in China， and to assess the exposure level and health risk of anthraquinone for residents.Methods The content of anthraquinone （9，10-anthraquinone as representative） in samples of tea for sale in border areas was determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. Based on food safety risk monitoring data of 9，10-anthraquinone in tea for sale in border areas from 2016 to 2017， combined with the consumption data of tea for sale in border areas for residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province， the exposure level of residents to anthraquinone through the consumption of tea for sale in border areas was estimated by deterministic estimate methods. Exposure results were compared with the acceptable daily intake （ADI： 6.8 μg/kg·BW）.Results Among 141 samples， the anthraquinone detection rate was 75.18%， and the average content was 0.029 2 mg/kg. Up to now， the limit standard for anthraquinone has not yet been set in China. The maximum residue levels （MRLs）of anthraquinone in tea are set at 0.02 mg/kg by European Union （EU） No 1146/2014. The total over-standard rate was 57.45%. In addition， the over-standard rate of stereotyped packaging and bulk packaging was 64.63% and 47.46%， respectively. The results of the deterministic evaluation show that the average daily exposure of anthraquinone from tea for sale in border areas of the whole population in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province in China was 9.37×10^-4 μg/kg·BW， 0.013 8% of the ADI. High consumer exposure （95^th percentile， P95） was 3.12×10^-3 μg/kg·BW， 0.045 9% of the ADI. Among the different sex-age groups， the average daily exposure and P95 daily exposure of women in the age group of 45-59 years were the highest， which were 1.41×10^-3 and 6.16×10^-3 μg/kg·BW， respectively. However， neither exceeded the ADI.Conclusion The results of the exposure assessment showed that the health risk for the residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province due to dietary exposure to anthraquinone through tea for sale in border areas was low and at an acceptable level. As anthraquinone contamination is prevalent in tea for sale in border areas， it is necessary to identify the source of anthraquinone residue， and some effective measures should be taken to control it. In addition， to respond positively to the limits of anthraquinone content in tea from China exported to the EU and other countries， it is recommended that the relevant authorities should study reasonable limits for anthraquinone in tea as soon as possible.

Abstract:Objective To determine the levels of tetracycline antibiotic residues in eggs and chicken sold on the market in Hangzhou， the pollution sources were explored， and their dietary exposure risk was evaluated.Methods A total of 66 chicken and 71 egg samples were randomly collected from Hangzhou in 2021 for the detection of tetracycline antibiotics by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry， including tetracycline， oxytetracycline， aureomycin， and doxycycline. The risk of tetracycline antibiotic residues in samples was evaluated by food safety index.Results The detection rate of doxycycline and oxytetracycline in chicken samples were 45.4% and 1.52%， respectively. Tetracycline and aureomycin residues were not detected， and no samples exceeded the standards. Of the four antibiotics， only doxycycline residues were detected in egg samples， and the detection rate and over standard rate were both 1.41%. The overall food safety indices of four tetracyclines were less than one， indicating that eggs and chicken in Hangzhou were safe for consumption.Conclusion Tetracycline antibiotics residues were found in eggs and chicken in Hangzhou， while the overall contamination level was low. The safety status of eggs and chicken in Hangzhou was thus considered acceptable.

Abstract:European Union （EU） has formeda complete， systematic and scientific residue monitoring pattern step by step since the implementation of residue monitoring plan for many years. In recent years， China has gradually increased the supervision of veterinary drug residues， and gradually established and improved the supervision strength of veterinary drug residues. Including the division functions of EU veterinary drug residue supervision departments， laws and standards for veterinary drug residue， monitoring plan and monitoring characteristics. In addition， compared with the sampling of food safety supervision in China， the detection of veterinary drug residues in animals and food of animal origin in EU in 2018-2020 was analyzed in detail from the general situation， product category monitoring and project monitoring and the sampling inspection situation of food safety supervision in China. In addition， the causes of excessive veterinary drug residues were analyzed and risk management suggestions were put forward to provide reference for China’s food safety regulatory decision-making，and provide reference for the construction of veterinary drug residue standard system.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the contamination， molecular typing characteristics， and drug resistance of Cronobacter in cereal-based infant food in Taizhou.Methods All samples were detected qualitatively and quantitatively according to GB 4789.40—2016. Isolated strains were typed using pulse field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）， and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the micro-broth dilution method.Results Forty-one strains were isolated from 335 samples. The total detection rate was 12.2%， and the quantitative results were 0.36-7.5 MPN/100 g. The cooked sample （46.9%） had the highest detection rate among edible samples， and the sample purchased online （24.0%） had the highest detection rate among purchased samples. Forty-one strains were divided into 34 PFGE patterns with similarity rates of 45.1%-100.0%， and some strains from different enterprises or different branches of one enterprise belonged to the same clone. Their insensitivity rates to cefazolin and nitrofurantoin were 48.8% and 39.0%， respectively， and 9 strains were insensitive to both.Conclusion Some cereal-based supplementary foods for infants were contaminated with Cronobacter in Taizhou. It is necessary to pay attention to the risk of Cronobacter infection in infants caused by cooked food and food purchased online.

Abstract:Objective To improve the prediction and early warning ability of the customs supervision department on the safety risk of imported alcohol， ensure food safety in China， and accelerate the efficiency of customs clearance， a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of imported alcohol safety risk based on analytic hierarchy process and risk matrix was constructed.Methods Based on the expert investigation results， the weight of each index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process， and the fuzzy membership matrices were obtained using the risk matrix. Subsequently， the risk value of each index was obtained using a fuzzy comprehensive algorithm. Simultaneously， a dynamic adjustment factor was introduced to finally realize the risk grade evaluation of specific batches of imported alcohol.Results The safety risk level of imported alcohol for China was medium. Among the analyzed items， methanol had the highest risk value （82.917）， while natamycin had the lowest risk value （52.083）.Conclusion The recommended detection items can be output by the established model according to the overall risk level of imported alcohol and the risk value of detection items. The model has high reliability and can provide a reference for the safety risk assessment and management of imported food.

Abstract:The problems and main challenges in our health food health care functional inventory management system were examined. Management experiences for similar products with functional claims in other countries was considered. A classified management system for health care functions based on scientific basis and risk levels was established. The working mechanism of the related review and approval of product registration and the regulatory model of health care based on Prior review and Post-evaluation should be improved. The industry innovation should be promoted by system innovation and the effective transformation and supply of high-quality products. The development of high-quality industries， and promotion of the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy should be guided and promoted.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the current situation and development trend of food safety standards research in China from a bibliometric perspective.Methods A total of 1 727 related articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure were retrieved， screened， and analyzed based on institutions， authors， funds， journals， and keywords. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to conduct a multidimensional knowledge graph visualization and metrological analysis of food safety standards related articles in China.Results China’s food safety standards research had generally shown a growth trend， having gone through three stages of development： A start-up period， a period of rapid development， and a period of fluctuating development from 1993 to 2021. Food safety standards research was concentrated in three institutions： the National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment （CFSA）， the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and Renmin University of China. There were four major author networks， mainly represented by researchers from the CFSA. The first source of literature on food standards was the Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene， with 103 articles， accounting for 5.96% of the total number of articles published. The most frequent keywords were food additives （91 times）， national food safety standards （85 times） and food safety law （66 times）， forming 8 categories of research themes， which mainly centered on food safety standards. Keyword analysis revealed that hot topics of research emerging from 2016 to 2021 included tracking and evaluation， vitamins， nutrients， heavy metals， physical and chemical indicators， food labeling， and national standards.Conclusion This study provides a reference for understanding the overall research status and development trend in the field of food safety standards in China.

Abstract:Objective To provide support and reference for the diagnosis， investigation， laboratory testing， and prevention of toxic mushroom poisoning in Guizhou， an Amanita fuliginea poisoning incident in Bijie， Guizhou Province was investigated.Methods An epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the event. Molecular biology techniques were used to identify suspicious wild mushrooms. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect toxins.Results In this incident， three out of four people who ate wild mushrooms died. According to epidemiological and the experimental results， the mushroom was confirmed as Amanita fuliginea. α-amanitin， β-amanitin， and phallacidin were detected.Conclusion The poisoning incident was caused by the villagers mistakenly eating Amanita fuliginea. It is essential to conduct targeted health education for the prevention and control of toxic mushroom poisoning.

Abstract:Objective To provide basic data for modification of laboratory testing for outbreaks caused by Clostridium perfringens （C. perfringens）， a diarrhea outbreak that may have been caused by polyclonal infection of C. perfringens was analyzed.Methods Anal swab samples of 4 patients with diarrhea were collected. cpa and cpe genes and C. perfringens in original swab samples and enriched samples were detected via real time PCR. Toxin gene test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） were performed for some C. perfringens isolates.Results cpa and cpe genes were positive in samples of 4 patients. One cpe+ isolate was obtained from 18 isolates of C. perfringens from patient 1， and the composition ratio was 5.56% （1/18）. One cpe+ isolate was obtained from 6 isolates of C. perfringens in patient 2， and the composition ratio was 16.7% （1/6）. No cpe+ isolate was obtained from patient 3， and C. perfringens was not isolated from patient 4. Two types （A type and C type） and 5 PFGE patterns were identified in 11 isolates of C. perfringens. Two cpe+ isolates from patient 1 and patient 2 had identical PFGE patterns.Conclusion This outbreak might have been caused by C. perfringens. Considering the delays caused by the implementation of diagnostic standards， comprehensive use of laboratory detection methods can improve the response time of outbreak analysis.

Abstract:Objective To provide reference data for the prevention， control， and treatment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection， the dominant band type of pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）， drug resistance， and virulence gene present in V. parahaemolyticus detected during foodborne disease surveillance cases in Tongzhou district， Beijing， from 2015 to 2021 was investigated.Methods V. parahaemolyticus was isolated and cultured from stool samples of outpatient diarrhea cases in designated monitoring hospitals in Tongzhou district from 2015 to 2021. Serotyping， virulence gene detection， PFGE cluster analysis， and drug sensitivity tests were performed.Results The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus in 2 828 fecal samples was 3.54%， and the peak months of detection were from July to September every year. A statistically significant difference in the detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus in different years （χ²=53.94， P<0.001） was observed. Among the 100 strains of V. parahaemolyticus， one strain did not carry the tlh gene， and 89.00% of the strains carried the pathogenic virulence genes tdh. The dominant serotype of V. parahaemolyticus was O3∶K6 （66/100）， followed by O4∶K8 （9/100）. The results of PFGE typing showed that V. parahaemolyticus had 39 band types named V1-V39， the band similarity was between 79.6% and 100%， and the gene distribution was highly polymorphic. V22 and V25 were the dominant band types of V. parahaemolyticus in Tongzhou district. The resistance rate of strains to cefazolin was the highest （32.00%）， followed by that to ampicillin （14.00%） and polymyxin E （13.00%）， and sensitivity to all the other four types of drugs was 100%.Conclusion V. parahaemolyticus detected in foodborne disease surveillance cases in Tongzhou district from 2015 to 2021 was O3∶K6 type tdh⁺- trh^- strain， which is resistant to cefazolin， ampicillin， and polymyxin E. The similarity of the main epidemic strains in the PFGE pattern is more than 93.1%， and there is an outbreak risk. Food safety departments need to thoroughly monitor V. parahaemolyticus and issue outbreak warnings to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks.

Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes （L. monocytogenes） from livestock and poultry in China， the contamination and prevalence of L. monocytogenes in livestock and poultry food in China was systematically reviewed via a meta-analysis. The findings can provide data that can help in the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes during the production of livestock and poultry meat.Methods The relevant literature on the detection rate of L. monocytogenes in livestock and poultry food published from 2001 to 2022 in China was searched by inputting key search terms on PubMed， Web of Science， Wanfang Database， CNKI， and other data platforms. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata software.Results A total of 277 Chinese and English research articles were selected， representing a total of 110 066 samples and a combined L. monocytogenes detection rate of 7.2% （95%CI： 6.4%-8.0%）. The subgroup analysis of different regions showed that the detection rates of this pathogen in Jilin and Heilongjiang were higher than that of other regions. The subgroup analysis of different time periods found that the detection rate of L. monocytogenes decreased with the extension of time. The detection rate of L. monocytogenes in cooked meat （2.9%， 95%CI： 2.4%-3.5%） was much lower than that in raw meat （10.7%， 95%CI： 9.5%-12.0%）， and the detection rate in poultry meat and pork was 11.0% （95%CI： 8.3%-14.0%） and 10.9% （95%CI： 7.9%-14.2%）， respectively， which was slightly higher than that in other types of raw meat.Conclusion The detection rate of L. monocytogenes in livestock and poultry food is still at a relatively high level in China.

Abstract:Objective To promote the implementation of the food safety strategy and strengthen the integration and application of food safety risk data in agriculture， market regulation， health， and other departments， and solve the problems of inconsistent data and interface standards， difficulties in data reporting and sharing， as well as information fragmentation， business fragmentation， and work segmentation among others.Methods Using data encoding techniques， a standardized system for basic information collection of food safety risk was established， which contains the basic data sets for food safety risk information， data dictionaries， and technical specifications for data exchange， among others.Results The proposed system will promote consistent， trusted collection and connectivity of food safety risk basic data across domains from agriculture， market regulation， health， and other departments.Conclusion The proposed system could help in comprehensive analysis， provide decision support based on food safety big data， accelerate the implementation of food safety strategy， and implement the Healthy China Strategy.