Abstract:Food safety is essential to national economy and people′s livelihood. A good food safety system is extremely important for maintaining social stability and providing scientific data for government decision. Big data provides a new approach to food safety. Through the integration of the data in the whole industrial chain, it will greatly improve the data analysis ability and help in discovering the potential valuable information. It could provide scientific decision-making suggestions for regulators, producers and consumers. It will provide a solution for timely warning of food safety incidents, the accurate traceability and accountability of food products. This paper will briefly introduce some existing big data platforms in food safety area. Then, it will discuss the challenges such as multi-sources data analysis, visualization and market mechanism. At the end of this paper, the future development trend of big data in food safety area is discussed.

Abstract:Objective The high resolution mass spectra database of common alkaloids were established and applied to the automatic screening of poisoning samples. Methods The accurate molecular mass and appropriate collision energy of each alkaloid was obtained by injecting alkaloid standard solutions into the Q exactive mass spectrometry directly or separated by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The chromatographic analysis was performed on a HSS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm)by gradient elution using methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase. The secondary mass information of alkaloid was collected in positive electrospray ionization and targeted-selected ion monitor-ddMS² mode. The mass spectrometry data were applied to the automatic screening of actual samples. Results The mass spectrometry database of 72 alkaloids were established containing the theoretical accurate molecular mass,retention time collision energy and fragment ions. The multiple alkaloids in actual samples were locked rapidly by automatic screening with the mass spectra database. Conclusion This method is simple, fast, accurate and suitable for the rapid automatic screening of alkaloids in poisoned food sample.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect of friction behavior on migration levels of metal elements from stainless-steel articles for food contact. Methods The migration levels of metal elements from used and new stainless-steel articles were compared according to GB 4806.9-2016 and Council of Europe Resolution CM/Res(2013)9. The migration conditions were boiling in 4% acetic acid for 30 min followed by at room temperature for 24 h and soaking in 5 g/L citric acid at 100 ℃ for 2 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact of dynamic friction on migration were investigated on new stainless-steel articles, where the friction method were referred to the GB/T 32095.2-2015 standard. Migration of metal elements complied with the corresponding standard. Results Based on the European standard, migration of lead in the first migration test was above limit of quantitation (LOQ) in all five used stainless-steel articles after friction, but none in new ones. The quantification rate of chromium in the first migration test in 80% (4/5) of used stainless-steel articles were above LOQ after friction by GB 4806.9-2016 standard while were 20% (1/5) in new ones. The migration level of Cr was higher by GB 4806.9-2016 standard than by European resolution in single dynamic friction study. Results from the dynamic friction experiments indicated that the migration of Cr and Ni reached equilibrium after 3 times of friction. Conclusion The migration condition in GB 4806.9-2016 standard had stronger leaching ability for Cr from stainless-steel articles than that in European resolution. Friction behavior promoted corrosion and metal element migration of stainless steel. Long-term used stainless-steel products had higher lead and chromium migration than new products, but without safety risks.

Abstract:Objective To quickly and automatically evaluate the risk of hazardous chemical substances in food quickly and automatically. Methods Based on the Spring MVC framework, a quantitative assessment model of food chemicals was integrated and a visualization of the assessment result was provided. Results A set of food safety risk assessment software chemical hazard based on multi-source data fusion electronic. Conclusion The e-evaluation system described in this article had enabled the process and automation of a quantitative assessment model for the risk of food chemicals. It had also enabled the quantitative assessment model for food chemicals to be widely used in the business, thereby improving the efficiency of assessment.

Abstract:Objective Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to discriminate soybean samples as being transgenic or non-transgenic. The rapid discrimination models for transgenic soybean were established, and the optimal model was selected. Methods Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract relevant features from the spectral data and remove anomalous samples. In experimental studies, 94 samples were used to build models and 41 samples were used as the validation to evaluate the performance of the developed models. The effects of sample morphology (intact or ground), wavelength range and spectral pretreatment method on the correctness of the model were discussed. Results Models for intact soybean samples obtain better judgment performance than models for ground samples. The best discriminant model for intact soybean samples possessed both 100.00% discriminant correct rate in calibration and validation sets at 9 403-5 438 cm-1 using second derivative (2nd). The best discriminant model for ground soybean samples also achieved both 100.00% discriminant correct rate in calibration and validation sets at 7 505-4 597 cm-1 using standard normal variate plus first derivative (SNV+1st). Conclusion By selecting sample morphology, wavelength range and spectral pretreatment method, the discrimination model can be optimized and the discriminant correct rate can be significantly improved.

Abstract:Objective A targeted metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established for the authentication of sea duck eggs. Methods In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the fat acid profiles of sea duck eggs and cage duck egg s. Chemometrics was used to analyze the difference between sea duck eggs and cage duck eggs to screen the markers that could be used to identify the authenticity of sea duck eggs. Results Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3) in sea duck eggs account for a higher proportion of total fatty acids than cage duck eggs, and there were significant differences (t=23.58,P<0.05). Sea duck eggs and cage duck eggs were distinguished by principal component analysis. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis that contributed the most to the difference of sea duck eggs and cage duck eggs. EPA was detected only in sea duck eggs, and the content of DHA in sea duck eggs was higher than that of cage duck eggs. Conclusion This study showed that EPA and DHA can be used as a reliable marker to authenticate sea duck eggs.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to develop an ion chromatography-pulse amperometry (IC-PAD) technique for the identification and quantification of cyanide in Chinese liquor. Methods The real samples from local markets were diluted to 1∶10 with ultrapure water before being injected to IC-PAD. Potassium hydroxide(12 mmol/L)was introduced for gradient elution. Silver electrode was utilized with Ag/AgCl composite reference electrode mode. Three potential wave forms were also involved in the study. Results This method showed good linear responses ranging from 5 to 200 μg/L with satisfactory linear correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The limit of detection (LOD) was 3.5 μg/L, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 9.5 μg/L in Chinese liquor samples. For different types of Chinese liquor, the recoveries of cyanide in fortified samples (10,30, 50 μg/L) were from 91.7% to 102.0%. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) was from 2.2% to 4.8%, and the inter-day RSD ranged from 1.5% to 1.9%. The comparison between this proposed method and the GB 5009.36-2016 method showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion This technique was performer-friendly and exhibited high reliability and accuracy, which was suitable for the detection of cyanide in real samples.

Abstract:Objective An isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of ribavirin and adamantanes (amantadine, adamantanemethylamine, rimantadine, memantine) in poultry food. Methods After enzymatic hydrolysis and precipitated by trichloroacetic acid, the samples were centrifuged by high-speed centrifuge at low temperature, and purified by PBA/PCX composite solid-phase extraction cartridge. The separation of ribavirin was performed on UPLC system with Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm), adamantanes with Waters BEH C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) and determinated by tandem mass spectrometry. The method was quantified by internal standard. Results The calibration curves showed a good linearity between the peak ratio and the concentrations of 1.0-100 ng/mL(ribavirin) and 0.2-20 ng/mL(adamantanes) with r=0.999. The limit of detection of ribavirin was 0.5 and 0.1 μg/kg for adamantanes. The limit of quantification of ribavirin was 1.5 and 0.3 μg/kg for adamantanes. The mean recoveries of the ribavirin ranged from 91.4%-103.7% and ranged from 94.3%-108.2% for adamantanes spiked at three concentration levels(1.5-15 and 0.3-3.0 μg/kg), with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 10%. Conclusion This method was simple, high sensitivity and accuracy.

Abstract:Objective To support export business of food contact materials from China to Thailand through research of food contact materials regulatory system in Thailand. Methods Study the regulation pattern and requirements of food contact materials regulation in Thailand through collection of the websites and inquiry of the laws, regulations and notifications of food contact materials in Thailand. Results In food contact materials regulatory system in Thailand, ‘Food Act’ established general principles for food contact materials, while laws of specific food contact materials (ceramics product and enamel product, plastics, feeding bottle and milk containers for infants and young children) set basic and specific requirements, indicators and limits for food contact materials. The major agency on control of food contact materials are Thailand Food and Drug Administration, Thailand Industrial Standards Institute, Office of the Consumer Protection Board, Ministry of Commerce and Department of Science Service. Conclusion In comparison of food contact materials regulation in China, regulation on specific food contact materials in Thailand is not comprehensive. Besides, the requirements for information transmission and labeling is not included in such regulation in Thailand. However, for feeding bottles and milk containers for infants and young children, more concrete requirements are specified by regulation in Thailand, which raises more rigorous challenge for such product exported from China to Thailand.

Abstract:Objective To determine the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholera in seashell products. Methods Seashell samples were collected from three coastal cities and two inland cities of Guangxi in 2017. Results There were 800 samples were collected. The total positive rate of Vibrio spp. was 76.5%(612/800). The positive rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholera were 73.9%(591/800), 18.4%(147/800) and 0.1%(1/800), respectively. There was no Vibrio alginolyticus detected. For Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the positive rate was related to the samples source, samples status and the species of seashell. The positive rate in coastal areas was higher than inland areas, while the quantity was lower. Both the positive rate and quantity of Vibrio spp. in the live products were higher than fresh/chilled products. The positive rate of razor fish, mud clam, oyster and short necked clam were the highest and all above 75.0%. The positive rate of scallop and mussel was relatively low but the quantity was the highest. Around 1.0% (6/591) of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus positive samples was detected virulence genes. For the Vibrio vulnificus, the positive rate in rural areas was higher than urban areas, and coastal areas was higher than inland areas. The positive rate of razor fish and mud clam was the highest and both over 35.0%. Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were highly contaminated in seashell products in Guangxi. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of food safety and the surveillance of Vibrio vulnificus in coastal rural areas.

Abstract:Objective To understand the content of cadmium (Cd) in rice and evaluate the potential health risk to local residents. Methods Total of 886 rice samples were collected from Nanning City during 2015-2019, and the content of Cd in rice was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to assess the health risk of local residents. Results The detection rate of Cd in 886 rice samples was 94.92%(841/886), and the violation rate was 19.19%(170/886). The content of Cd range from 1.50 to 915.00 μg/kg, of which mean and median were 126.85 and 79.00 μg/kg, respectively. The dietary Cd exposure of people aged 6-17 was higher than that of people aged 18 and above. The dietary exposure to Cd was 12.43-23.95 μg/kg BW for people aged 18 and above, and the target hazard quotient(THQ) was below 1; however, the dietary exposure of Cd was 15.42-29.80 μg/kg BW for people aged 6-17, with THQ between 0.62 and 1.19. In Mashan, Shanglin and Longan, the THQ of people aged 6-17 was greater than 1. Conclusion There was a certain contamination of Cd in rice in this city, and might pose potential health risks to the people aged 6-17. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of the contamination.

Abstract:Objective To understand the environmental situation and hygienic quality situation of processed food in central kitchen of Hunan Province and to find the main food safety problem, provide basis for strengthening management and taking corresponding measures. Methods Between October and November 2018, the temperature and humidity, the number of dust particles, the average concentration of bacteria in the air, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation, the microbiological indexes of object surface, food employees and processed foods in all central kitchens in Hunan Province were tested, and the result were statistically analyzed. Results The result showed that the qualified rate of special rooms for the requirements of food clean room was 18.6%(16/86). The qualified rate of manufacture environment temperature for the requirements of the operation specifications (≤25 ℃) was 96.5%(83/86). The qualified rate of ultraviolet radiation intensity (≥70 μW/cm²) was 3.5%(3/86). The qualified rate of total bacterial colonies on the object surface (≤20 CFU/m²) was 58.1%(50/86). The qualified rate of total bacterial colonies on the hands of food employee (≤300 CFU/one) was 34.9%(29/83). The detection rate of coliform bacteria on object surface was 15.1%(13/86). The detection rate of coliform bacteria on the hands of food employees was 4.8%(4/83). The qualified rate of total bacterial colonies and coliform bacteria of processed food (GB 2726-2016) was 90.7%(78/86). Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were not detected in processed food. Conclusion According to the relevant national regulation and evaluation standards, it had been found that the major problems were ultraviolet disinfection, environment cleanliness, bacterial contamination on objects surface and the hands of food employees. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the hygienic management of central kitchen.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence and genotyping of Norovirus in environment and food handlers in catering services and hotels. Methods A total of 40 catering services and 10 hotels were selected as the sampling sites in this study and 4 environment samples and 2 food-handler fecal samples were collected from each site. RNA was extracted and preliminary analyzed for Norovirus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Partial opening reading frames 1 (ORF1) sequences were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), followed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results One mop sink swab out of 200 environment samples (0.5%,1/200) and 3 out of 100 food handlers fecal samples (3.0%,3/100) were positive for Norovirus. The genotyping of Norovirus revealed that one belonged to GII.17 genotype and two belonged to GI.3 genotype. Conclusion The transmission risk of Norovirus in catering services and hotels should be paid more attention to and hygienic management should be strengthened. Health education of food handlers to prevent the transmission of Norovirus should be strengthened.

Abstract:Objective To understand the contamination status and trend of foodborne pathogens in infant food in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and provide reference to prevent and control the foodborne disease effectively. Methods Collecting infant food from 14 cities of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2011-2016. Four kinds of pathogenic bacteria were tested according to the food safety standard microbiological test(GB 4789) and the national food pollution and hazardous factors risk monitoring manual(2014). Results A total of 7 956 samples were detected. The positive rate of supplementary cereal food for infants and young children was 6.1% (249/4 084), and that of infant formula was 4.7% (183/3 872). The positive rates of Enterobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus(not in 2011 and 2015) and Staphylococcus aureus were 2.7%-5.6%, 2.3%-8.5% and 0.0%-0.4% respectively in supplementary cereal food for infants and young children. In the infant formula, the positive rate of Enterobacter sakazakii was from 0.2% to 1.8%. Bacillus cereus was 10.2%-12.4%(not in 2011 and 2015), and Staphylococcus aureus was 0.0%-0.3%. Salmonella was detected in one sample, and the origin was Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The positive rate of supplementary cereal food for infants and young children was 6.1%(248/4 077)in domestic products, while there was 1 positive in 7 foreign samples. In formula food, the positive rate was 4.7%(177/3 758)in domestic products and 5.3%(6/114)in imported products. Conclusion The contamination of Enterobacter sakazakii and Bacillus cereus in infant food sold in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region posed a threat to infants. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen the health supervision of domestic production enterprises.

Abstract:Objective To develop a scientific and rapid risk ranking model that is suitable for the analysis of data from food chemicals surveillance system. Methods Based on the principles of food safety risk assessment, a series of index were developed for the contamination and toxicity characteristics of chemicals in food, food consumption characteristics of population, and standards violation rate, respectively. Then the logical operation relationship and the standards for assigning scores were set. The model was verified using real surveillance data. Results Total risk scores were calculated using the equation:total risk score=toxicity adjusted content score × violation rate score × consumption score. This model was applied to the risk classification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in aquatic products in China. The ranking result were in line with those estimated by the classical risk assessment model. Conclusion The model could rank the health risk of heavy metals in aquatic products properly, and can provide a scientific foundation for regulatory priority.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the risk and key prevention and control points of Staphylococcus aureus in a large broiler slaughterhouse and to provide guidance for the scientific prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in broiler slaughter. Methods Combining the monitoring data and investigation data of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in a large broiler chicken slaughterhouse, a quantitative assessment model was constructed using @RISK 7 software, and a quantitative assessment was conducted on the four stages of chicken slaughter (depilation, cleaning chamber, pre-cooling and segmentation). Results Our research determined the predictive growth and decline pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in slaughtering process. It showed that the pre-cooling and segmentation and transmission links were the main risk contributor links of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. The critical risk control points of Staphylococcus aureus in broiler slaughtering were the concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in precooled pool water and hand-borne Staphylococcus aureus in workers with the correlation coefficient of 0.62 and 0.50, respectively. Conclusion The identification of key control points and precise control measures of Staphylococcus aureus in broiler slaughtering can effectively guarantee the health and safety of terminal chicken products.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the concentration and source of benzoic acid in rice wine and evaluate the health risk of dietary benzoic acid intake from rice wine among adult consumers in China. Methods 231 samples of rice wine and 15 samples of raw materials were collected from five main rice wine production areas in China, including Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Shanghai; the content of benzoic acid and its precursors were determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the sources of benzoic acid in rice wine were analyzed by the benzaldehyde and phenylalanine simulation test and the real sample acceleration test; the benzoic acid intake among adult consumers was evaluated by simple distribution assessment method. Results In all rice wine samples, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 99.13%(229/231), the concentration range of benzoic acid was ND (not detectable)-37.00 mg/L, and the average was 2.28 mg/L. In 98 end products, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 100.00%(98/98), the concentration range of benzoic acid was ND-1.60 mg/L, and the average was 0.52 mg/L; in 133 base wine samples, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 98.50%(131/133), the content range of benzoic acid was ND-37.00 mg/L, and the average was 3.58 mg/L. The result of source analysis showed that the benzoic acid in rice wine mainly came from raw materials, degradation of phenylalanine and oxidation of benzaldehyde. Exposure assessment result showed that the average exposure of benzoic acid for rice wine consumers in China was 0.001 mg/kg BW, accounting for 0.02% of the acceptable daily intake(ADI); and the 95th percentile was 0.005 mg/kg BW, accounting for 0.1% of the ADI. Conclusion The detection rate of benzoic acid in rice wine was high but the concentration was low. Source analysis result indicated that benzoic acid in rice wine mainly came from raw materials, degradation of phenylalanine and oxidation of benzaldehyde; the health risk of benzoic acid exposure to adult rice wine consumers in China was low.

Abstract:ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the consumption of packaged drinking water in sixteen provinces in China, and provide scientific basis for related food safety risk assessment. Methods The data was from the resident food consumption survey by China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, including 43 319 residents above 3 years old from 16 provinces during 2013-2014. The database establishment and data analysis were conducted by SAS 9.4. χ² test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water. Results The consumption percentage of barreled water was 26.2% and the consumption percentage of bottled water was 14.4%. The average consumption of bottled water was 249.7 mL/d and the average consumption of bottled water was 56.4 mL/d, the average consumption of barreled water for consumers was 951.6 mL/d, and the average consumer consumption bottled water was 392.2 mL/d. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water in male were higher than that in female. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for barreled drinking water in population with income under 10 000 yuan were higher than that in other groups. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for bottled drinking water in population with income over 30 000 yuan were higher than that in other groups. The consumption percentage, consumption of whole population and consumers for bottled water in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas, while it was the opposite for barreled drinking water. In addition, the consumption were also affected by age, education level and other factors. Conclusion The consumption and consumption percentage of drinking water were relatively low in China. The consumption of drinking water varies among different populations in China, the consumption of barreled drinking water and bottled drinking water was related to age, education, family income and region factors.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to describe the status of milk beverage consumption and the influence factors. Methods This study selected 13 953 samples by stratified multistage cluster random sampling in 2013. The study samples consisted of aged 3 and above with completed three non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls and food frequency data. A Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors. Results The prevalence of milk beverage was 9.7%(1 350/13 953). The drinking frequency was 1.6%(217/13 953), 0.7%(94/13 953) and 7.4%(1 039/13 953) for whom consumed 1 or more times per day, 4 to 6 times per week, and 1 to 3 times per week, respectively. The prevalence was 8.5%(592/6 934) and 10.8%(758/7 019) for male and female, respectively. Stratified by age groups, the prevalence was the highest among 3 to 6-year-olds (35.5%,165/465) and the lowest among 60 years and above (4.5%,123/2 740). Urban prevalence (7.7%,534/6 954) was lower than rural (11.7%,816/6 999). The per capita consumption of milk beverage was 6.2 mL/d among all the participants (134.4 mL/d among consumers), and was 5.6 mL/d and 6.9 mL/d for male and female, respectively. Stratified by age groups, the consumption was the highest among 3 to 6-year-olds (35.6 mL/d) and the lowest among 60 years and above (2.6 mL/d). The consumption was lower in urban residents (3.2 mL/d) than that of rural residents (9.2 mL/d). Factors associated with the consumption of milk beverage were gender, age, occupation, urban-rural difference and region. Conclusion The prevalence and per capita consumption of milk beverage were relatively low among 3 years or above residents in China. Children and adolescents (3 to 17-year-old) are the main consumers of milk beverage.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Guangdong Province. Methods A survey was undertook based on the data from chronic disease and nutrition monitoring. Dietary patterns of adults in Guangdong Province were exploring by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA was used to identify dietary patterns among adult in Guangdong Province and unconditional Logistic regression model was used to analysis the effects of different dietary patterns on MS. Results Three evident dietary patterns were derived by PCA including “modern fast food dietary pattern”, “high plant-based dietary pattern” and “coastal special dietary pattern”. Rice and its products, fruits, milk, instant foods, noodles and their products, eggs were the main foods of “modern fast food dietary pattern”; light-colored vegetables, refined vegetable oil, salt, other livestock meat, starch/sugar, beans were the main foods of “high plant-based dietary pattern”; dark vegetables, light vegetables, fish and shrimps, refined animal oil, refined vegetable oil, and pork were the main foods of “coastal special dietary pattern”. After adjusting for confounding factors, the modern fast food dietary pattern was a risk factor for hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR)=2.161,confidence interval(95%CI)=1.173-3.981], and high plant-based dietary pattern was a protective factor for MS(OR=0.494,95%CI=0.253-0.963). Conclusion High plant dietary patterns could help reduce the risk of MS or reduce the abnormal components of MS. The dietary structure and eating habits should be adjusted according to local conditions to prevent and control the occurrence of MS.

Abstract:The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) was established in 2015. At present, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia are member countries. They are all important partners in the construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative. The mandatory technical regulations on animal aquatic products and their products from the EAEU were collected and summarized. The similarities and differences of key contents in relevant EAEU regulations and China's national food safety standards such as definitions, scopes and categorizations of animal aquatic products and their products, as well as maximum levels of contaminates and pathogenic bacteria, parasitological safety requirements and veterinary drug residues were compared and analyzed. The possible causes of the above similarities and differences of animal aquatic products and their products were briefly discussed. The article could provide references for promoting trade in animal aquatic products and their products between China and EAEU member states, avoiding or resolving potential trade barriers and other issues, as well as for further exchanges and cooperation in technical regulations and standards between the two parties.

Abstract:Objective To investigate and identify a case caused by mushroom poisoning in May 2019 in Jiangxi Province. Methods The case was studied with the epidemiological information, clinical data, and suspicious mushroom samples were identified by morphological and molecular studies. Results The epidemiological information showed that all the patients had eaten different quantity of mushrooms which were picked and boiled by themselves, the average incubation period was 2.5 hours, and the symptoms of dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, numbness of limbs and so on had existed orderly of the patients. The morphological and molecular studies identified the samples were Amanita sychnopyramis f. subannulata. Conclusion The incident was the first reported case caused by Amanita sychnopyramis f. subannulata in Jiangxi Province. The poisonous mushroom species can be identified combined with epidemiology, morphology and molecular studies. The situation of s mushroom poisoning in Jiangxi Province is still serious and the relevant departments should strengthen prevention and control.

Abstract:With the rapid development of molecular typing techniques for monitoring foodborne pathogens and outbreak investigations, whole genome sequencing(WGS) is gradually revealing its importance. In the context of the globalization of food trade, it’s urgent to establish details of the links between foodborne pathogens and human exposure in order to accurately monitor and reduce their occurrence. The accuracy of WGS is significantly better than prior analysis tools in the aspect. In this paper, we take Listeria monocytogenes as example to expound the monitoring of foodborne pathogens and the investigation of infection outbreaks, emphasizing the value of WGS in trace-back of foodborne diseases. The technologies for data generation and analysis are summarized, the practical application progress of WGS in the worldwide foodborne pathogen typing is emphasized, and the challenges in the future are prospected.