Abstract:To find the best methods of recovery and investigate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus on strawberry to provide basis for further risk assessment. Methods Experiments for validating the efficiency of recovery and enumeration were conducted with different carriers of strains, processing methods and different strains of the same bacterial under 25 ℃ culture in different time points. Results Deionized water and 0.1% aqueous peptone solution showed significant difference on recovery and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.1% aqueous peptone solution presented a better effect. Processing method with homogenizing or shaking and different strains of the same bacteria had less impact on recovery and growth. Under 25 ℃, Staphylococcus aureus on strawberry could multiply within 36 hours.Conclusion The carrier’s impact was identified. When simulates practical conditions of surface contamination of produce, all factors should be considered for the risk assessment.

Abstract:To study the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh shellfish collected from shellfish beds, and to analyze their virulence genes and antibiotic resistance.Methods Presumptive Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 200 shellfish samples using the national food safety standard, Food Microbiological Examination:Lisiteria monocytogenes (GB/T 4789.30-2010). The antimicrobial resistance was performed by Kirby-Bauer method and the virulence genes were determined by PCR amplification. Results Among 4 (2.0%) Listeria monocytogenes isolates, 2 strains lacked inlB gene or mpl gene respectively. All the 4 strains were susceptible to the first-line therapeutic antibiotics including ampicillin and gentamicin. Two strains were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol and 1 strain was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol and ofloxacin. Conclusion Samples collected from the shellfish beds were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, of which some isolates were lack of virulence genes and were resistant to several important antibiotics. It was necessary to strengthen the contamination and drug resistance monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh primary aquatic products.

Abstract:To express the Norovirus GII.3 capsid protein by gene recombination. Methods The Norovirus GII.3 capsid protein gene was modified and inserted into the pHTA plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into the MAX Efficiency DH10BacTM competent cell after sequencing and the expression plasmid was obtained. The plasmid was transformed into SF9 cell, and the recombinant capsid protein was expressed. The recombinant capsid protein was purified by Ni-NTA His affinity chromatography purification column followed by identification with sodium dodecyl sufate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Results The recombinant capsid protein of about 60 kDa was expressed. It had good immunogenicity, which was verified by animal experiments. The recombinant capsid protein made it possible to prepare monoclonal antibody against Norovirus GII.3 and to develop the immunology detection method.Conclusion The Norovirus GII.3 capsid protein expression plasmid was constructed and the recombinant capsid protein was expressed.

Abstract:To investigate the serotype, genealogy and infection-related genes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat foods.Methods Two hurdred and twenty-six Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat foods from 2007 to 2009 were collected from the National Foodborne Pathogen Surveillance Network. The serological typing was carried out using conventional serological typing and allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR (ASO-PCR). And their infection-related genes were detected by PCR. Results Among the 226 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods, serovar 1/2a (41.59%,94/226) and 1/2b (40.71%,92/226) were dominant followed by serovar 1/2c (10.62%,24/226) and 4b (5.31%,12/226). The rate of human infection related serovar 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b was relatively high (87.61%,198/226), which indicated the potential risk in ready-to-eat foods. There were 105 strains of lieage I and 120 of lieage II, only one strain of lieage III. Virulence-associated genes were rarely missing in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods indicating a high risk.Conclusion According to the serology and virulence genes distribution of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat foods, food sanitation management should be strengthened to reduce the risk of infection.

Abstract:The research was conducted to evaluate the safety of beef derived from human α-lactalbumin gene-modified cattle by 90-day feeding study in male and female Wistar rats.Methods Transgenic beef or conventional beef was processed into powder. Five percent of beef powder was incorporated into diet and other ingredients were adjusted to simulate AIN93G purified diets for laboratory rodents. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups with approximately similar initial mean body weights, which were transgenic beef group, conventional beef group, and AIN93G diet group. Clinical observations were conducted daily during the 90-day study, and body weight and food consumption were weighed weekly. At the end of the study, urinary examination, hematology and blood biochemistry examination, macroscopic and microscopic examinations were conducted. Results There were no biologically significant differences between the transgenic beef group and the conventional beef group in all items observed(P＞0.05).Conclusion The present 90-day feeding study suggested that transgenic beef might be as safe as conventional beef.

Abstract:In this study, four kinds of atherosclerotic models with SD rats and ApoE-/- mice were established to select the best animal model for atherosclerosis.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:the first group was fed on normal diets as control group; the second group was fed on high cholesterol diets as model 1 group; the third group was injected with a single dose of vitamin D3 and fed on high fat diet,which was model 2 group. Sixty C57BL/6 male mice including 20 wild type mice and 40 ApoE-/- mice which was divided into normal diet fed group as model 3 and high fat diet group as model 4. After 6 months, plasma lipids and inflammatory factors were detected, and the aorta was separated for oil red O and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Results Compared with the normal group, plasma total cholesterol (TC), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly elevated(P＜0.05). But there's no difference between the three groups in plasma triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels(P＞0.05), and both of the two models didn't have atherosclerotic plaques and the characteristics of the early stages of atherosclerosis. In addition, compared with the normal group, plasma TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6 and CRP levels of model 3 and model 4 were significantly elevated(P＜0.05), and were significantly higher in model 4 than model 3(P＜0.05). But plasma HDL-C levels of model 4 were significantly reduced(P＜0.05). Oil red O and HE staining showed that model 3 only had lipid deposition and small atherosclerotic plaques in aortic arch; but the model 4 had developed typical characteristics of atherosclerosis.Conclusion Both the two models of SD rats established with high cholesterol diets and high cholesterol diets + vitamin D₃ were not suitable for atherosclerosis research；Model 3 only had the early stage atherosclerotic characteristics；Model 4 mice had developed typical characteristics of atherosclerosis and were more suitable for atherosclerosis research.

Abstract:The study aimed to explore the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A on peripubertal female rats.MethodsFemale rats aged 19-day were dietary exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A for 21days with four dosages (0,2, 6,8 mg/kg BW). There were 15 rats in each dosages group. During the experiment, vaginal opening and estrous cyclicity of rats were observed and recorded. Blood samples were collected for blood routine, biochemical indexes and hormone levels. Organ weighing and his-topathologic examinations were performed in end point. Results The weight gain, the age of vaginal opening and weight, estrous cyclicity and hormone levels of rats in all the treated groups were similar to those in the non-treated group with no statistically significant difference. Liver/body weight ratio of all the treated groups, thyroid/body weight ratio of the high dosage group and thyroid/brain ratio of the low and high dosage group were significantly decreased. Blood routine showed that platelet count and plateletcrit were significantly decreased in the middle dosage group. Clinical biochemical parameters showed that the total cholesterol and glucose were significantly decreased in the middle and the high dosage group. The level of high density lipoprotein was significantly decreased in all the treated groups. No pathological changes in ovaries, uterus, livers, kidneys and thyroids were observed under microscope.Conclusion Tetrabromobisphenol A etrabromobisprenol may effect on liver, thyroid and glucose metabolism on peripubertal female rats.

Abstract:To clone and express an important cashew nut allergen Ana o 3 in Escherichia coli (E.coli) using pCold-SUMO expression vector and identify its immunocompetence.Methods Total RNA was extracted from the cashew nut and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Then, the full-length cDNA sequence of Ana o 3 was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers, and subsequently inserted into the pCold-SUMO expression vector between StuⅠand BamHⅠ restriction sites. The correct construct was identified by both colony PCR and gene sequencing. The inducible expression of Ana o 3 was performed at 15 ℃ by an addition of L-+-arabinose and isopropyl b-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG), and the purification of the recombinant His-tagged protein was accomplished by the Ni-NTA purification system. The immunocompetence of the recombinant Ana o 3 was evaluated by Western blot. Results DNA sequencing analysis showed that the full length of Ana o 3 was 417 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 138 amino acids which was in accordance with that in withGenBank. Also, the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis result indicated the molecular weight of the recombinant Ana o 3 was 27 kD, which was in agreement with the theoretical value. Additionally, Western blot results showed that the recombinant Ana o 3 had good reactivity with 13 cases of cashew-allergic serum samples.Conclusion A recombinant expression vector of Ana o 3 had been successfully constructed, and the purified recombinant protein exhibited good reactivity with cashew-allergic sera.

Abstract:To analyze the molecular biological characteristics of Norovirus from a gastroenteritis incident in Siming District.Methods Eleven anal swab specimens and one oyster samples were collected and fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was applied to detect Norovirus. The positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and amplified products were used for gel electrophoresis analysis and sequencing to determine the genotype and to make phylogenetic trees analysis. Results Two strains of GI Norovirus were detected from 11 anal swab specimens, and both were successfully sequenced. Four strains of GII were detected, and 3 strains were successfully sequenced. One strain of GI was detected from the oyster, and was successfully sequenced. Six positive strains successfully sequenced were further homology analyzed. The sequence of the GI.2 strain were highly homologous with the reference strains of KP325648 etc. collected from Shanghai in 2014. The sequence of GII.17 strain were highly homologous with the reference strains of KT384078 etc. collected from South Korea in 2015. GII.17 strain was reported for the first time in Xiamen.Conclusion The aggregated gastroenteritis incident was caused by mixed infection of GI.2 and GII.17 Norovirus.

Abstract:To compare LightMix Kit Norovirus detection kit from Roche diagnostics company(hereinafter referred to as “Roche method”) with different methods of standards and norms. Methods Two hundred and twenty-seven stool samples of diarrhea patients and 158 shellfish samples from retail markets were detected by Roche method and SN/T 2626-2010 detection of Norovirus at frontier port reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect Norovirus method(hereinafter referred to as SN/T method). By parallel detection, the differences between the two methods were compared. Results For stool samples, about 27.2%(59/217)stool samples were positive by Roche method, while 17.5% (38/217) samples were positive by SN/T method. The consistence between the two methods was 85.7% and the detection rate of Roche methods was significantly higher than that of SN/T method(P＜0.05). For shellfish samples, about 32.9%(52/158)shellfish samples were positives by Roche method and 30.4%(48/158)samples were positive by SN/T method. The consistence between the two methods was 87.3% and the detection rate had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The Norovirus contamination of shellfish samples from retail market was high. Roche method was rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable to detect Norovirus, and was worthy to promote in food microbiology testing industry.

Abstract:To characterize the Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) isolates that were inhibited on Baird-Parker agar and propose the possible solutions for the enumeration of these isolates.Methods The isolates inhibited on Baird-Parker agar were identified from 127 S.aureus isolates from different sources and eight S.aureus reference strains. The characteristics of these isolates were analyzed and the inhibitory effects of the components in Baird-Parker were determined. Results Three S.aureus isolates from the ground pork samples in Beijing and a reference strain S.aureus (CMCC 26112) showed poor growth on Baird-Parker agar. The glycine (12.0 g/L) in the Baird-Parker agar could inhibit the growth of these four isolates, and the supplement of sodium pyruvate, lithium chloride and egg yolk potassium tellurite didn't inhibit the growth of these isolates. These four isolates showed over 60% growth rate on mannitol salt agar and chromogenic agar. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that three isolates from Beijing had the same PFGE pattern which was significantly different from the pattern of (CMCC 26112).Conclusion To guarantee the good coverage of the national food safety standard GB 4789.10-2010 on S.aureus, two or more categories of agar plates should be used in the S.aureus enumeration of food samples.

Abstract:To establish a method for determination of microencapsulated β-carotene in compound vitamin tablets by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.Methods Microcapsules in the samples were destructed with 0.1 mol/L sodium carbonate solution, and ultrasonically extracted with methanol-acetonitrile(7∶3,V/V)using Agilent SB-C₈ column. Methanol-acetonitrile(9∶1,V/V)was the mobile phase, and the detection wavelength was 448 nm. Results β-carotene was completely separated in the chromatographic conditions. The linear range was 0.41-6.20 μg/ml, the average recovery was 99.4%-103.3%, and the RSD was below 2.0%.Conclusion The method was fast and simple, the precision, recovery, and repeatability met the requirements, and could determine microencapsulated β-carotene in compound vitamin tablets.

Abstract:To study the effects of different pretreatment methods for determination of chromium in food and gelatin hollow capsule. Methods Sample pretreatment was conducted by wet digestion, microwave digestion and dry ashing. The content of chromium in food and gelatin capsule was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The results of the three methods for 4 kinds of standard material were in the range of the standard value. Statistical results of the three methods for 8 samples showed that there was no significant difference between wet digestion and microwave digestion (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between the dry ashing and the other two digestion methods (P<0.05).Conclusion The three methods could be used for the determination of chromium in foods. Wet digestion was suitable for any food matrix. Dry ashing had the advantages of simple operation and low blank value, but test result was lower than the other two methods. Microwave digestion had the advantages of fast, low blank value, less reagent consumption and good repeatability.

Abstract:To explore and establish the rules for foodborne disease epidemiological investigation, this article analyzes the specific issues in the evidence collection during foodborne disease epidemiological investigation, proposes the suggestions and rules to improve the investigation, such as well-constructed form, procedural legitimacy, objective and relevant of materials, reinforcing evidence, independent institutions. Meanwhile, it discusses how to strengthen the foodborne disease epidemiological investigation.

Abstract:To investigate the contamination levels of mycotoxins in nutritional infant rice flour in China.Methods A total of 141 samples were collected for analysis of 9 mycotoxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the results were analyzed. Results The results showed that contamination of deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B₁ and zearlenone existed, with the detection rates of 12.8%(21.13-207.12 μg/kg),6.4%(0.11-0.25 μg/kg) and 1.4%(65.32-78.55 μg/kg), respectively.Conclusion Nutritional infant rice flour in China was exposed to a low level of mycotoxin contamination. Relevant departments should strengthen the control and supervision of nutritional infant rice flour in the market.

Abstract:The objective of this research was to analyze and identify the pathogens of an outbreak caused by consumption of sweet dumplings made by fermented corn flour in Guangnan County.Methods On the basis of epidemiological investigation, microbiological culture and biochemical analysis was performed on four collected food samples by VITEK 2 COMPACT according to GB/T 4789.29-2003. The suspected isolates were performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis. And the toxin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Results Both sequence analysis and biochemical analysis showed that all the three isolates were Burkholderia gladioli. And its toxin, bongkrekic acids, were detected in all samples, the highest toxicity was 9.67 mg/kg.Conclusion B.gladioli was the pathogen of this outbreak caused by fermented corn flour. It was called as Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans in China.

Abstract:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute gastroenteritis and related social economic loss in Fangshan District, Beijing.Methods A 12 months cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 areas from April 2014 to Match 2015, aiming to analyze the incidence, symptoms, risk factors and its economic loss of acute gastroenteritis. Results Totally 1 678 people were interviewed. The average monthly prevalence of acute gastroenteritis was 0.65%(95%CI:0.27%-1.03%)and the incidence was 0.085 per person-year(95%CI:0.017-0.098 per person-year).It was estimated that 87 thousand cases of acute gastroenteritis occurred every year in Fangshan District.And 54.5%(6/11) of the cases believed that consuming contaminated food were the suspected causes. The incidence peak was in the second season. The risk factors of acute gastroenteritis were low educational level, lower family income and living in rural area. There were 72.7%(8/11) of the cases took medical care, about 54.5%(6/11) of the cases went to the hospital and 87.5%(7/8) of the cases who took medical care used antibiotics. The overall economic loss caused by acute gastroenteritis was about 32 million RMB, accounting for 0.62‰ of gross domestic product(GDP)of Fangshan District in 2014(51.93 billion RMB).Conclusion The disease burden of acute gastroenteritis was heavy in Fangshan Dictrict.The foodborne proportion of acute gastroenteritis was high and children were more vulnerable. The usage of antibiotics was frequent. It was necessary to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance system and burden of disease assessment. Further research is needed in order to conduct targeted intervention.

Abstract:To understand the quality of bottled (barreled) drinking water products according to the determination of market access certification in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015.Methods 317 test reports of market access certification were analyzed for the qualified rate and main unqualified items. Results The qualified rate of mineral water, pure water and other drinking water products were 87.50% (35/40), 94.03% (63/67) and 80.48% (169/210) respectively, and the overall pass rate was 84.23% (267/317).Conclusion The quality of bottled (barreled) drinking water remains to be improved.

Abstract:The newly revised Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China was came into force in October 2015. The article No.32 stated the detailed requirement for food safety standard impact evaluation. With the further improved China's food safety laws and regulations as well as the food safety standard system, the way of acquiring the information of standard implementation and impact will not only be an important content of the standard management, but also the clear requirement of various laws and regulations. In this paper, the national and international food safety regulations and standards impact evaluation methodology is reviewed. The methodology and the working mechanism has been discussed.

Abstract:To explore the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the paralytic shellfish poison in Shenzhen City, in order to determine the key areas of pollution and provide the basis for early alert.Methods The paralytic shellfish poison monitor data from three monitoring sites in Shenzhen (Xiexia Bay, Dongyong and Pearl Island) in 2015 were analyzed using the radial basis function interpolation and spatial-temporal scan, and the general distribution and spatial-temporal clustering characteristics were preliminarily explored. Results According to radial basis function interpolation, the content of paralytic shellfish poison in Xiexia Bay was relatively high compared to Dongyong and Pearl Island. There were obvious differences in the distribution characteristics of the paralytic shellfish poison in Xiexia Bay, Dongyong and Pearl Island. Spatial-temporal scan presented space-time aggregation, from January 2015 to June 2015, the Xiexia Bay was most likely to be a aggregation region (LLR=7.72, RR=5.59, P=0.000 83＜0.001). Conclusion The spatial distribution regularity and spatial-temporal clustering characteristics of the paralytic shellfish poison could be obtained by the methods of radial basis function interpolation and spatial-temporal scan.

Abstract:To analyze the monitoring results of foodborne diseases in sentinel hospital in northern Nanjing, so as to provide scientific basis for the clinical prevention and treatment.Methods The cases of foodborne diseases from the sentinel hospital were statistically analyzed. The samples collected from patients with foodborne diseases were detected for Norovirus, non-typhoid Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli according to national standards. Results Among 583 stool samples, virus counted for 31.75%(110/583), in which 110 strains were Norovirus, and pathogenic bacteria counted for 2.57%(15/583), in which 8 strains were Vibrio parahaemolyticus. There was significant difference in virus detection rate between different quarter(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in pathogenic bacteria detection rate between different quarter(P＞0.05). the detection rate of virus and pathogenic bacteria were 31.73% (185/583) and 2.57% (15/583) respectively, and Norovirus and non typhoid Salmonella were the common pathogens. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rates between different seasons (P＜0.05). The high risk populations were people in 25-44 age groups. The second and the third quarter of the year were the peak period. Meat and meat products accounted for the greatest proportion of suspected food.Conclusion Norovirus was the predominant pathogen causing foodborne disease followed by Rotavirus. Pathogenic bacteria infection was mainly caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was necessary to strengthen the health education and management, improve the monitoring system of the sentinel hospital, strengthen the active monitoring, and prevent the spread of the disease.

Abstract:To obtain the data of foodborne disease incidence from a multipurpose surveillance in Jinhua.Methods Active symptom surveillance of foodborne diseases from sentinel hospitals and the reports of food poisoning outbreaks from networks were analyzed. Results Totally 4 095 foodborne disease cases were reported and the ratio of male and female was 1.33∶1. The majority was within the age of 20-59 years group (52.60%), most of whom were farmers. Among 3 927 cases of foodborne disease, one hundred and twenty pathogenic bacteria were detected, in which fifty-five strains were Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, forty-six were Salmonella, eighteen were Shigella, and 1 strain was Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Fourteen outbreaks of food poisoning involving one hundred and twenty-five people were reported. The results of the surveillance showed that the peak of foodborne diarrhea incidence was from May to August, and was also the peak of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus detection.Conclusion The surveillance of foodborne disease generally reflected the low incidence of foodborne disease in Jinhua. The quality control of the key sectors should be emphasized and active surveillance should be expanded.

Abstract:To investigate and analyze a food poisoning with multiple pathogens including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) and Proteus mirabilis.Methods Standardized questionnaire for food poisoning was used to collect information, descriptive epidemiology was used to detect the risk factors. The pathogens were isolated from the samples, enrichment was performed according to National Standard of Microbiological Examination of Food Hygiene, and the isolated VP were further identified by DNA fingerprint. Results Thirty diners were found and 5 lost, seventeen of which were consistent with case definition, and the incident rate was 56.67% (17/30). Diarrhea, abdominal pain especially epigastralgia was the main clinical symptom. Incubation period of the cases was 11-25 hours. No risk factor was found by cohort study. Nineteen strains were isolated from patients, of which were VP (9), Proteus mirabilis (8), Salmonellae (1) and C.jejuni (1). A strain of Proteus mirabilis was found in food handlers. A strain of VP and 4 strains of Proteus mirabilis were isolated from environmental swabs, the same situation was detected in food samples. Nine strains of VP isolated from patients were identified as the same genotype by molecular typing techniques, which genetic similarity reached more than 97%.Conclusion Considering both the investigation of field epidemiology, food hygiene and experimental results, it was a foodborne disease outbreak caused by VP, and other pathogenic factors was excluded.

Abstract:To analyze the ethyl carbamate level in fermented foods and the dietary intake of residents in Hangzhou, and to assess the risk.Methods Based on the data of fermented food consumption and the results of 373 food samples collected in Hangzhou in 2014, the residents' intake of ethyl carbamate was obtained. The risk of dietary intake of ethyl carbamate was assessed. Results Ethyl carbamate was detected in 160 of 373 samples(42.9%) from 8 categories of food. Yellow wine samples were all positive and the detection rates of fermented red beancurd, white spirit, medicinal wine, cooking wine were all above 80%. The levels of ethyl carbamate in fermented flour products, fermented dairy products, fermented bean products (except preserved beancurd), fermented tea, beer and vinegar were all below the detection limit. In accordance with the mean value of food consumption estimates, the average ethyl carbamate exposure of Hangzhou residents from fermented foods were 0.076 4 μg/kg BW per day and the margin of exposure (MOE) value was 3 932. The high exposure in Hangzhou residents were 0.309 3 μg/kg BW per day and the MOE value was 970.Conclusion The average dietary ethyl carbamate exposure of Hangzhou residents from fermented foods exceeded the point of a public health concern, and more attention should be paid to the consumers with high exposure to ethyl carbamate.

Abstract:To find out the cause and guide the clinical treatment so as to provide the basis for the prevention and cure of similar food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum.Methods According to the principles of Clostridium botulinum food poisoning management, treatment plan was determined and applied following clinical diagnosis, laboratory testing and antitoxic serum intervention through the emergency procurement system for specific medicine. Results Two patients were identified with one hospitalized and there was no death in this case. The hospitalized patient was treated with antitoxins and mechanic ventilation and cured in 25 days.Conclusion The poisoning case was caused by intake of home-made food contaminated by Clostridium botulinum. It is suggested that public education in food safety should be strengthened.

Abstract:Blood glucose meter is an electronic device for determining the concentration of glucose in blood. Due to its advantage of rapid, portable, low cost, and simple operation, it has been widely available for clinical diagnosis. However, the test subject is only glucose. Thus, there is much demand to explore new method based on blood glucose meter for the determination of a wide range of biomarkers, nucleic acid, and other analytical targets. Recently, coupling target recognition elements with signal transduction and amplification strategies, various analytical targets were determined. This paper briefly reviews the development of blood glucose meter and describes its potential application in food analysis in detail. The prospect of future development of glucose meter is also discussed.