Abstract:To investigate the effects of genistein on Aβ25-35 induced damage in brain vascular endothelial cells.Methods Cell line of bEnd.3 was cultured for 48 h. Four groups were the following:control group, Aβ group, Gen group and Gen+Aβ group. Aβ25-35 was used to establish cell damage model. Gen was applied 2 hours prior to the addition of Aβ25-35. Cells were harvested for measurement after 24 hours. The level of 8-OHdG and GSH-Px were tested by ELISA and enzyme assay kit; the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein were tested by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the level of 8-OHdG and GSH-Px in Aβ group was significantly increased and decreased respectively (P<0.05); compared with Aβ group, Gen group, Gen+Aβ group had reverse results (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated in Aβ group (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression of Bax were significantly up-regulated in Aβ group (P<0.05). Compared with Aβ group, the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were significantly up-regulated in Gen group and Gen treatment group (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression of Bax were significantly down-regulated in Gen group and Gen treatment group (P<0.05).Conclusion Gen could exert a protective effect on Aβ induced oxidative damage in brain vascular endothelial cells.

Abstract:To analyze the concentrations of main fatty acids of edible freshwater fish from Dongting Lake.Methods Samples of edible freshwater fish (3-4 samples of each species) were collected from Dongting Lake. Total lipids were extracted and fatty acids were separated and quantified by gas chromatographic. Results Twelve species were collected. The mean contents of total lipids (in from of g/100g edible part) ranged from 1.14 (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) to 7.55 (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). The main saturated, monounsaturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in edible part of majority of species were C16∶0, C18∶1n9, C18∶2n6 and C22∶6n3 (DHA), respectively. The mean concentrations of DHA (in from of mg/100 g edible part) ranged from 19.7 (Monopterus albus) to 358.4 (Leiocassis longirostris). Concentrations of C20∶5n3, C22∶5n3 and DHA was positively correlated with contents of total lipids in edible part, respectively.Conclusion There are significant differences of total lipids contents and of specific fatty acids concentrations among species. Some studied species would be good dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract:This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of YN0303, an isolate from a food poisoning case occurred in Yunnan Province in 2003.Methods The strain was identified by 16S rDNA and 16S/23S rDNA ITS analysis, together with morphology, biochemical and gene analysis. Toxic gene profiles, panC analysis, mutilocus sequence typing and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis were further applied.Results YN0303 was confirmed to be Bacillus cereus. Although it's an isolate from a typical food poisoning case, it was negative for cereulide-producing related ces gene and no cereulide was detected in HPLC-MS quantitative analysis, while it was positive for entero-toxigenic genes such as hbl, nhe, and cytK2. It's also different from typical emetic B.cereus in biochemical tests. It belonged to cytotoxic IV group, while emetic strains should belong to Ⅲ group. YN0303 forms a new ST in mutilocus sequence typing analysis, which was an independent branch in phylogeny tree.Conclusion More than one B.cereus strain involved in this emetic food poisoning case, and YN0303 was not the main pathogenic strain. But as a cytotoxic strain, it might be involved in co-infection.

Abstract:To investigate the stability of natural vitamin E coenzyme Q₁₀ soft capsules with different formula.Methods The content of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E of coenzyme Q₁₀ soft capsule samples with different formulas were analyzed quantitatively with high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) and gas chromatogram (GC) respectively. At the same time, the existing forms of coenzyme Q₁₀ were also determined. Results In the formulas with only coenzyme Q₁₀ or coenzyme Q₁₀ combined with vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol acetate) as active ingredients, the existing form of coenzyme Q₁₀ was oxidized form (CoQ₁₀), both coenzyme Q₁₀ and d-α-tocopherol acetate were stable during the accelerated stability test. In the formula with coenzyme Q₁₀ combined with vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol) as active ingredients, both oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀H₂) existed, CoQ10 content decreased and CoQ₁₀H₂ content increased, the total amount showed no significant difference before and after the accelerated stability test, while the d-α-tocopherol amount reduced to a certain degree.Conclusion The formulas with only coenzyme Q₁₀ or coenzyme Q₁₀ combined with vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol acetate) were stable. In the formula with coenzyme Q₁₀ combined with vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol), CoQ₁₀ would be converted into CoQ₁₀H₂ and the d-α-tocopherol content decrease.

Abstract:To establish a rapid method of pentachlorophenol in aquatic products by GC-MS.Methods Sodium pentachlorophenol in the samples were converted to pentachlorophenol in acidic condition. Then they were detected by GC-MS, after the extraction, reextraction, derivatization with n-hexane, potassium carbonate, acetic anhydride, respectively. Results Pentachlorophenol showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0-100 μg/L, correlation coefficient r=0.999 1, with lower limit of determination (S/N=10) of 1.04 ng/g. Tests for recovery and precision were made at 3 concentration levels, giving results of average recovery in the range of 94% to 103%, with values of relative standard deviation RSD (n=6) in the range of 1.83%-3.82%.Conclusion The established method is rapid, simple and accurate. It can be used to rapidly determine pentachlorophenol in aquatic products.

Abstract:To establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analytical methods and confirmatory method for positive samples to determine seven β₂-receptor agonists including mabuterol, cimaterol, ractompamine, clenbuterol, salbutamol, terbutaline and isoxsuprine in animal derived samples. Methods The animal derived samples were enzymatic hydrolyzed and extracted with ammonium acetate buffer solution. The supernatant was treated by cation exchange column solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by nitrogen concentrating and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The suspicious positive sample was further confirmed by specific scanning mode of QTrap tandem mass spectrometry. This study also investigated the matrix effects of seven β₂-receptor agonists.Results The results showed that there was a strong matrix effects of the method. The correlation coefficients were good in the concentration range of 0.25-50 ng/g. The limit of detection was 0.1-0.5 ng/g. The average recovery for β₂-receptor agonists was in the range of 86.6%-108.7%.Conclusion The internal standard quantitative method could be used to reduce the quantitative error from the matrix effect. This method could be used for determination of β₂-receptor agonists in animal derived samples with a low detection limit, good accuracy and fast. The positive samples could be further confirmed.

Abstract:To establish a method of multiple reaction monitoring technology (MRM) by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to detect tetrodotoxin (TTX) content in fish.Methods Fish samples were ultrasonic extracted by 80% acidified methanol solution (containing 0.1% acetic acid), and purified by dichloromethane, centrifuged by ultrafiltration, and analyzed after membrane filtration. TTX was separated on a HILIC column, with acetonitrile-0.06% ammonium formate solution (V/V=65∶35, pH=3.5) as the mobile phase for equal gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode was used, and qualitative confirmation was achieved from retention time and secondary mass characteristic ions of TTX. The matrix-matched external standard calibration curves were used for quantitative analysis. Results Tetrodotoxin and impurity could be well separated, and it showed good linearity in the range of 0.10-2.0 mg/kg (r=0.997). The detection limit of the method was 0.012 mg/kg, the limit of quantification was 0.041 mg/kg, the average recovery was 75.7%-108.1%, and the precision was 1.4%-5.1%. The method was applied to 20 fishes, while TTX was not detected.Conclusion The method was accurate, efficient and simple, and could be applied to the recognition and identification of factors of food poisoning.

Abstract:To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of vitamin D₃ in calcium tablet with microwave extraction. Methods Vitamin D3 was extracted by microwave in the ethanol. The HPLC analysis was carried out on a C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) with ethanol at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 264 nm. Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0-4 μg/L (r=0.999 8) , and the detection limit was 0.02 μg/L.Conclusion The recoveries for vitamin D3 were between 98.8%-100.0%, and RSD was 0.4%. This method was simple, accurate and practical for the detection of vitamin D₃ in health food.

Abstract:To develop an analytical method for the simultaneous separation and determination of residual benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and benzoic acid (BA) in flour and wheat products by HPLC.Methods BPO and BA were extracted by ethanol, and separation and determination were carried out on Symmetry C₁₈ column using a gradient mobile phase by HPLC at 235 nm. Results BPO and BA showed good linearity (r>0.999 9) in the range of 0.10-20 mg/L. For BPO and BA, the recoveries were 95.2%-99.5% and 95.3%-106%, respectively; the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.10 and 0.08 mg/kg; the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.30 and 0.24 mg/kg.Conclusion The method is simple and reliable for the determination of BPO and BA in wheat flour and its products.

Abstract:Establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis method with double detector to simultaneously determine atrazine and benzopyrene in water.Methods Atrazine and benzopyrene. In was enriched by large volume solid-phase extraction column and eluted by methylene chloride. Gradient elution was performed on Eclipe XDB-C₁₈ (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. The products were then determined by diode array detector (DAD) and fluorescence detector (FLD). Results The linear range of the method of atrazine and benzopyrene was 50-800 μg/L and 5.19-83.04 μg/L, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) were both over 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.000 5 μg/L, the limits of quantification were 0.03 and 0.001 5 μg/L, and the average recoveries of atrazine and benzopyrene in water were 88.9% and 90.4%, respectively. The relative standard deviation was less than 6.8%.Conclusion This method was accurate, sensitive and applicable for determining atrazine and benzopyrenein water samples.

Abstract:A rapid, efficient and accurate method was developed for the determination of 10 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in tea by gas chromatography.Methods 10 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were extracted by ultrasonic assisted with acetonitrile as solvent, and next purified by CARB/NH₂ SPE cartridges. At last, they were detected by gas chromatography-FPD. Results The linear range of the method was 0.05-1.0 mg/kg (r=0.999 63-0.999 86), relative recoveries for the spiked samples with 0.02-1.0 mg/kg of organophosphorus pesticides were ranged from 80.0% to 102.0%; the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=5) was 1.8%-5.8%, and the limits of detection (S/N=3) was 0.002-0.013 mg/kg.Conclusion The proposed gas chromatography-FPD method is convenient, quick and easy maneuverability, high separation effective and recovery rate.

Abstract:To investigate the characteristics and rules of food poisoning in China to explore the effective prevention and control measures of food poisoning.Methods The general situation,seasonal and month distribution,pathogenic factors and locations of the food poisoning in China from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed. Results The case number and victim number of food poisoning in China were decreased in 2005, but then increased and reached a peak value in 2006, and then significantly decreased from 2006 to 2013. The third quarter in a year was the peak of food poisoning, and the largest numbers of victims and deaths of food poisoning were September and July, respectively. The most common reason for food poisoning was microbial food poisoning while seldom caused death. The chemical food poisoning was decreased significantly from 2004 to 2013. The poisonous plants and animals and poisonous mushroom poisoning had become the main reasons for food poisoning deaths after 2006. Among the locations of food poisoning, the collective canteens was the most risky, and the chemical food poisoning was the key factors for the food poisoning deaths of students. Homemade food accounted for most of the food poisoning deaths. Conclusion The food safety in China had improved significantly, but the situation of food poisoning was far from optimistic, especially the mortality rate was still high. Through strengthening the targeted prevention and control for different seasons and months, locations, different population and carrying out the publicity and education of food safety knowledge, establishing the effective government supervision mechanism were preferable measures to prevent and reduce food poisoning in the future.

Abstract:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning events in Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2013, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy.Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence data of mushroom poisoning events in Guizhou Province reported through "Public Health Emergency Reporting System of China Disease Prevention and Control System" and "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System" from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 118 mushroom poisoning events were reported with 698 poisoning cases and 85 deaths in Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2013. The case fatality was 12.18%. Sporadic cases were the majority (62.71%), and cluster cases were 35.59%. The majority of the mushroom poisoning events occurred in summer and autumn, and most of them occurred in rural families.Conclusion The main cause of mushroom poisoning was eating by mistake. Measures should be taken to prevent mushroom poisoning, including strengthening the publicity and education, improving self-awareness of the public, training the doctors for diagnosis and treatment and early warning.

Abstract:The ethyl carbamate (EC) content of different commercial wine in Xinjiang were detected and analyzed.Methods The EC levels were detected according to the standard operating procedure for the detection of the EC in wine in the 2013 National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors Risk Work Book. Results The EC concentration ranged from 3.2 to 291.2 μg/L in 53 samples, and the average content was 30.0 μg/L.Conclusion The ethyl carbamate was detected in all commercial wine in Xinjiang, indicating that the limit standard of EC in wine should be established in China as soon as possible to protect the interest of consumers and build the trade barrier of local wine market.

Abstract:To investigate the diet pattern and food intake of Shenzhen residents, assess the food safety risk as well as provide evidence for nutrition improvement, and provide further nutrition education.Methods Random stratified sampling was conducted to investigate 224 families (approximate 853 people) of their daily intake of food, condiments and fluids in 3 consecutive days. Results The average daily intake of food for Shenzhen resident was 1 496.6 g, including 299.2 g cereals, 583.5 g fruits and vegetables, 175.3 g poultry and red meat, 102.6 g seafood, 114.5 g dairy products, 39.9 g egg and products, 49.7 g soy products, 41.2 g oil and 8 g salt.Conclusion The average amount of cereal intake of Shenzhen residents was much lower than the average intake of those from the Guangdong area and the rest of the country. The average intake of other foods such as vegetables, fruits, poultry and other red meat, seafood, egg and soy products, milk and milk products and oil were much higher than the average intake of those from the Guangdong area and the rest of the country. This showed that the Shenzhen residents didn't follow the diet recommendations and leaded to an unbalanced diet. It should be emphasized that education was critical to guild the Shenzhen residents to a healthy lifestyles and nutritionally balanced diets.

Abstract:To understand the formaldehyde content of common seafood and its products from different provinces in China.Methods 530 samples from 6 kinds of common seafood and its products (ice fresh squid, water-swollen squid, shredded squid, shrimp, shelled shrimp and grilled fillet) were collected randomly from rural markets and city supermarkets in 8 provinces, and the samples were analyzed by the determination of formaldehyde content in food-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results The formaldehyde was detected in all 6 kinds of seafood and their products. The detection rate was 40.57%, and the range of content was 0.00-950.00 mg/kg. The average content of formaldehyde in descending order were shredded squid, water-swollen squid, grilled fillet, ice fresh squid, shelled shrimp and shrimp, and the detection rate were 52.78%, 57.45%, 42.50%, 57.45%, 23.08% and 12.24%, respectively.Conclusion Formaldehyde contents were different in different kinds of seafood and their products, that may rooted in the formaldehyde baseline, its changing rule or illegal adulteration. Overall, it should be concerned if the formaldehyde content was above 100 mg/kg, especially above 200 mg/kg.

Abstract:To solve the problems of overlap, iterance or conflict that may existed among current standards related to food contact coatings.Methods All current food contact coatings standards were collected, and the scope of the reorganization was determined through industry survey. Regulations of other countries and regions were referred to, and advices for each standard related to food safety were provided. Results According to the 8 coatings standards collected, the main food safety indexes of these standards were evaporation residues, potassium permanganate consumptions, heavy metals, free-phenol and free-formaldehyde. Inconsistency existed among different standards in limits, experiment conditions and methods. Some standards were outdated and with inappropriate quotations. Conclusion All the 8 food contact coatings standards should be incorporated to form a new food safety standard that could cover all food contact coatings. All the food safety indexes should be reconsidered together based on food safety risk assessment.

Abstract:The program targeting at the clear-up of 1 240 physical and chemical detection method standards was started in 2012, and finally a new catalogue composed of 248 national food safety standards was proposed by classifying and analyzing these standards. In this paper, we briefly review the principles and objects, the specific process, and the main problems existing in the task, which are beneficial for users to understand the clear-up work more thoroughly and for the better application of food safety standards. Moreover, this paper also provides a coherent framework of the food safety standards system and effective technological support for the future work.

Abstract:To investigate and analyze of the chromium contamination in rice and to assess the health risk in Guangzhou City.Methods Contents of total chromium and hexavalent chromium in rice from Guangzhou were determined using microwave extraction, ion exchange column separation and graphite furnace atomic absorption, then assessed according to the national standard. Using dietary nutrition and health status of Guangdong Province from 2002 survey, chromium exposure and health risk of different population were evaluated with reference to the maximum level of total chromium form the Chinese nutrition society and the U.S.EPA guidelines for cancer risk evaluation. Results Total chromium and hexavalent chromium in rice were 100% detected, violation rate of total chromium were 26.67%. The health risk was lower than Chinese Nutrition Society and U.S.EPA guideline in adult population, while health risk in low-income people and children under the age of 14 were higher than the EPA guideline.Conclusion Rice in Guangzhou was contaminated by certain amount of chromium. The health risk was low in adults, but there might be a potential hazards to children under 14 years old. The government should take effective measures to prevent the chromium contamination in rice.

Abstract:To investigate the malachite green and crystal violet residues in fishes in Guangzhou City, provide reference for regulation, and provide guidance for the consumers.Methods According to the national standard GB/T 19857-2005, the residues of malachite green and crystal violet in fish samples were determined. Results The detection rate of malachite green and its metabolite in total 120 fish samples was 6.67% (8/120) , and that of crystal violet and its metabolites was 0.83% (1/120). The detection rate of the forbidden drug in freshwater fishes was 8.91% (9/101) , while 0% (0/19) in sea fishes. Compared by the species, osmanthus fish had the highest detection rate of 40% (2/5).Conclusion Malachite green and crystal violet and their metabolites residues were found in commercial fishes in Guangzhou, which was worthy of attention.

Abstract:To understand the status of lead, cadmium and methylmercury residue in seafood collected from Zhoushan City, meanwhile, make comparisons and evaluation.Methods The lead, cadmium and methylmercury residues in sea fish, mollusks and shellfish from Zhoushan City were detected using single variance analysis. Results The average content of lead, cadmium and methylmereury in sea fish were 0.166 7,0.008 3 and 0.031 3 mg/kg , 0.145 1,0.055 9 and 0.009 1 mg/kg in mollusks, and 0.063 6,0.053 7 and 0.015 4 mg/kg in shellfish. The content of lead in sea fish was higher than that of the mollusks and shellfish, the content of cadmium in mollusks was higher than that of the shellfish and sea fish, the content of methylmercury in sea fish was higher than that of the shellfish and mollusks, and the differences were all significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Overall seafood of Zhoushan were qualified, only a few sea fish and shellfish samples exceeded the lead and cadmium limits.

Abstract:To investigate the contamination of food borne pathogens in foods for infants and young children in Guangxi markets, and provide reference for the prevention of food borne disease and the food safety alert.Methods Foods were collected from department stores, supermarkets, wholesale markets and convenient stores in 14 areas of Guangxi. The samples were detected for Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter sakazakii and Staphylococcus aureus according to the national standard methods.Results ①A total of 1 939 samples were detected. The total detecting rate was 13.56% (263/1 939). The detecting rate of Enterobacter sakazakii was 3.15%, and cereal-based complementary foods (4.19%) was significantly higher than the infant and toddler formulas (0.83%,χ²=15.361,P<0.05). The detection rate of Bacillus cereus was 10.37%, and infant and toddler formulas (14.12%) was significantly higher than the cereal-based complementary foods (8.68%,χ²=13.238,P<0.05). The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.05%. ②Quantitative results:among the 61 positive samples of Enterobacter sakazakii, 43 samples were below 5 MPN/100 g, 3 samples were above 110 MPN/100 g, the maximum value was 240 MPN/100 g. Among 201 positive samples of Bacillus cereus, 159 samples were below 100 MPN/g, 10 samples were above 100 MPN/g, and the maximum value was 1 100 MPN/g though the MPN method. 19 samples were below 100 cfu/g, 13 samples were above 100 cfu/g, and the maximum value was 4×10⁷ cfu/g though the plate method. ③The detecting rate of Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter sakazakii in cereal food for different ages ranged from 5.69% to 21.05% and 3.45% to 5.26%. ④The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in foods for infants and young children from different place of production ranged from 8.84% to 23.47%.Conclusion The contamination of Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter sakazakii existed in market foods for infants and young children in Guangxi. The enterprise should strengthen the production process supervision to guarantee the safety of foods for infants and young children.

Abstract:This article reviews the current understanding of the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in animal species and the contamination of HEV in meats and seafood. The possible food-borne transmissions of HEV and the strategies to ensure food safety are also discussed.

Abstract:Meat is the main component of food consumption. In order to make profit, companies may adulterate cheap meat to expensive meat during processing and marketing. To protect the consumer's right and regulate meat market, supervision agencies should systematically analyze meat identification technology and establish an appropriate methods. Currently, the methods of meat identification include histological methods, chemical methods, immunological methods and DNA sequence-based detection methods. This paper focuses on the application of ELISA and DNA detection methods in meat identification. Besides, the defects of GB standards were also analyzed.