Abstract:To study the immune response of offspring rats after parental rats exposure to allergen. MethodsParental BN rats were divided exposure and non-exposure to allergen groups. The offspring rats were randomly divided into OVA group, control group respectively, OVA and control were daily administrated at the dose of 1 mg/ml OVA or at the dose of sterile water by gavage for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken on the 2^nd, 4^th, and 6^thweeks from the orbital plexus, and centrifuged to obtain sera for analyzing specific IgG and IgE.On the 3^rd, 5^thweeks, blood samples were taken to obtain plasma for analyzing histamine. In addition, the changes of gut permeability were determined.ResultsAllergenic responsecould be induced by provoke allergen OVA in BN rats when parental rats were non-exposure to allergen OVA, include specific IgG,IgE increasing and histamine increasing. However, little allergenic response be provoked by OVA in BN rat when parental rats were exposure to allergen OVA.ConclusionThe immuneresponse of offspring BN rats were weaken after parental rats exposure to allergen.

Abstract:To explore the impact of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, and pentanal on acellular-nuclear DNA.MethodsDifferent alkyl aldehydes were respectively dissolved in buffer to final concentration of 10 mmol/L. Fragment acellular-nuclear DNA pretreated with the hydroxyl radical was used to detect the interaction capabilities of test substance and DNA, intact acellular-nuclear DNA was used to detect breakage effect of test substance. Six slides with acellular-nuclear DNA, in each group, were immersed in test substances for 60 min, and comet assay was used to measure the changes of the acellular DNA, and 50 acellular-nuclear DNAs were analyzed with Comet A1.0 software in each slide. SPSS 18.0 software was used to compare the difference among groups.ResultsNo fragment of acellular-nuclear DNA treated with formaldehyde migrated to tail, and fragment migration of acellular-nuclear DNA treated with acetaldehyde was more than control. All aldehydes showed no breakage on intact acellular-nuclear DNA.ConclusionFormaldehyde and acetaldehyde could form adducts and/or cross-linked with fragment of acellular-nuclear DNA. The capacity of forming adducts and or cross-linked with fragment of acellular-nuclear DNA decreased with the alkyl number of aldehyde increasing.

Abstract:To study the serotypes and molecular characteristics of foodborne Salmonella in Jiangxi Province by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and establish the PFGE fingerprint data bank.MethodsA total of 136 foodborne Salmonella strains were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping. The S.derby were further typed by PFGE and established the fingerprint data bank, and clustering analysis was conducted by Bionumerics v6.6. ResultsAmong 136 Salmonella isolated, the main serogroup were group B, and the dominant serotypes were S.derby (49.26%). 67 S.derby strains were 41 PFGE fingerprint types, 3 PFGE fingerprint types were predominant in the PFGE fingerprint types. ConclusionSerotyping of foodborne Salmonella were phenotypically diverse. The S.derby were predominant. Raw meat products were the main source of foodborne Salmonella. PFGE fingerprint types were not related with serotypes.

Abstract:L.monocytogenes isolates were typed by DiversiLab system. The result was compared with the results of serotype and the antibiotic resistance.MethodsThe DiversiLab system was based on the principle of rep-PCR. ResultsThe 46 isolates were classified as nine types, type A to I. The 1/2a serotype isolates mainly belonged to A type. Six 4b serotype isolates belonged to H type. Among 14 nitrofurantoin resistance isolates, nine of them were A type, one isolate was B type, three isolates were C type, and one isolate was F type. Most of the nitrofurantoin resistance isolates were 1/2a serotype, except two of them were 3a serotype.ConclusionDiversiLab system typing results revealed the genetic characters and relationship of 46 foodborne L.monocytogenes. The typing results related to the H sites of serotype. The similarity of 14 nitrofurantoin resistance isolates was high, and related to anti-nitrofurantoin resistance genes.

Abstract:To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of 635 strains of L.monocytogenes isolated from 10 types of food origins in 23 provinces in China in 2012, and analyze the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of resistant strains.MethodsEight kinds of antibiotics, including ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), chloroamphenicol (CHL), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), vancomycin (VAN), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TET) were chosen to conduct broth microdilution susceptibility tests according to CLSI protocols. MLST was conducted on the resistant strains. Results66 L.monocytogenes isolates were determined as resistant by CLSI interpretive criteria. The average resistant rate was 10.39%. Among them, TET contributed 49 resistant strains, which was the most. The number of the resistant strains of the rest antibiotics were separately 20 (CIP), 10 (ERY), 7 (CHL), 3 (TMP-SMZ), 1 (AMP), 1 (GEN), and 1 (VAN). 8 strains were resistant to two kinds of antibiotics and 7 strains were resistant to at least 3 antibiotics. 77 strains were determined as intermediate, among which 75 belonged to CIP intermediate. The MLST of resistant strains demonstrated that ST155, ST9, ST705 and ST87 were the major ST categories. The antibiotic resistance spectrum of TET and TET-ERY-CHL were seemingly clustered with certain STs from cooked meat products and Chinese cold dishes with meat.ConclusionCurrently in China, despite the average resistance rate was relatively low compared with other foodborne pathogens, it was gradually growing annually. The major STs of resistant strains of foodborne L.monocytogenes were correlated with two antibiotic resistance spectrums.

Abstract:To study the effect of washing and cooking on residues of chlorothalonil, pyridaben, procymidone, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate in hot pepper, understand the changes of pesticide residues by processing, and to provide the basis for effective dietary exposure assessment.MethodsThe hot pepper samples were simulated in laboratory by soaking in pesticides polluted water. The samples were cleaned and cooked, and the pesticides residues were detected by GC-ECD. ResultsThe results showed that both washing and cooking had a great effect on pesticide residues, the general removal rates of these five pesticides were 54.12%-99.47%, 58.78%-95.95%, 55.74%-93.68%, 41.37%-95.67% and 44.71%-95.09%, respectively. The removal rates of the pesticides residues by different cooking methods were ordered as follows:frying>stir-frying>boiling. The longer the cooking time was, the more residues removed, but the removal rates didn't change significantly when the cooking time was longer than 2 min. ConclusionThe effect of pesticide residues removal in pepper by cooking was better than cleaning, and the effect was decided by hydrolysis, pyrolysis, melting and boiling point and vapor pressure of the pesticides.

Abstract:To explore the wild mushroom poisoning space-time distribution characteristics in Yunnan Province in 2005-2013 with geographic information system, and provide scientific evidence for prevention strategy.MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the wild mushroom poisoning events in Yunnan province. MapInfo 7.8 software was used to make thematic map. A global means of spatial autocorrelation with Moran's I was used to explore the whole spatial distribution pattern of the wild mushroom poisoning incidence in Yunnan Province. The location and intensity of cluster were detected by the local spatial autocorrelation statistic.ResultsThere were 211 wild mushroom poisoning events reported from 2005 to 2013. The poisoning peak occurred in 5-9th month annually. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed several counties had cluster such as Guangnan county, Wenshan county, Yanshan county, Qiubei county, Lancang county, Menglian county, Menghai county, and Jinghong county. Poisoning area was still gradually expanding to the northwest and northeast.ConclusionThe wild mushroom poisoning events prevalence was obviously distributed seasonally and spatially in Yunnan Province and effective measures should be taken to control its prevalence.

Abstract:A method of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was established for rapid screening of cadmium in rice.MethodsThe rice was detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer after crushed.ResultsThe limit of detection and quantification of detection were 0.035 and 0.094 mg/kg, the standard deviation of accuracy was 0.015 5 and the value of t-test was 0.30. Chi-square value of repeatability was 5.32, and the chi-square value of stability was 11.07 within 12 h. The standard deviation was 0.021 3 between two instruments.ConclusionThe results indicated that the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer could meet the standard requirements of cadmium in rice. The accuracy, repeatability and stability of instrument could meet the requirement of rapid screening. A new rapid screening method for cadmium in ricewas developed. It provided technical support for purchasing grain in grassroots grain depot, acceptance check and supervision of food raw material.

Abstract:To investigate the influence of casein phosphopeptides and vitamin C combined on the bone density of rats.MethodsWistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups by body weight (three experimental groups and two control groups). Three experimental groups were low, medium and high dose groups with the dosage of 5,0, 30 times of human recommended amount respectively. All experimental groups were administered by gavage a low calcium foundation feed, and the efficient calcium capsule was administered once a day which contain casein phosphopeptides and vitamin C. Daily calcium carbonate consumption (as Ca) of calcium carbonate control group was the same as high dose group, and low calcium control group were administered an equal volume of deionized water by gavage. Bone density and other indicators were detected after three months. ResultsHigh dose of casein phosphopeptides and vitamin C could significantly increase the rat bone calcium content and femur midpoint of bone density, the high and medium dose could increase the femur distal end bone density, and all experimental groups' femur weight were no less than the calcium carbonate control group.ConclusionThe casein phosphopeptides and vitamin C combined could effectively increase bone mineral density

Abstract:An effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, β-carotenoid and lutein in starchy foods, and could be applied to the routine work.MethodsThe compounds were extracted from homogenized samples using cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (80∶20, V/V) and cleaned up with silica gel SPE cartridges, then separated by a YMCTM carotenoid column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The influence of extraction solvents and mobile phase on resolution was investigated. ResultsThe method was validated with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity. The linear range was 0.5-100 μg/ml in spiked samples and the coefficients were 0.998 4-0.999 8. The average recoveries and the relative standard deviation ranged from 68.5%-101.2% and 3.4%-10.4%, respectively, for the spiked levels ranging at 1-100 mg/kg for each compound. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of all compounds were 1 mg/kg.ConclusionThis method was suitable for the determination of curcuminoides and carotenoids in starchy food.

Abstract:To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine the migration of lubricants from food contact materials.MethodsFood-simulating solvents of water, 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid were used for soaking food contact materials. After purification, enrichment, and trifluoroacetic acid anhydride derivatization, 4 lubracant migrants were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).ResultsThe linearity range for oleic acid amide and stearic amide was 0.2-10 mg/L, and it was 1.0-20 mg/L for erucic acid amide and mountain do amide. The limit of quantification was 0.028-0.17 mg/L, and the recoveries were 89.2%-97.6%, with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1.1%-5.4%.ConclusionThe method was simple, rapid, accurate, and suitable for the detection of lubricant migration in food contact materials.

Abstract:To establish a method for the determination of chromium form Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) simultaneously in gelatin capsule.MethodsChromium in gelatin capsule was ultrasonic extracted and determined using reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (RPIC/ICP-MS). ResultsCr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) were not interchangeable in the process of ultrasonic extraction and analysis, and only Cr (Ⅵ) could be determined. When extracted by EDTA, both Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) could be measured. Because of the interconversion between Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ), the total chromium could be calculated accordding to peak area. The amount of Cr (Ⅲ) could be determined by subtracting Cr (Ⅵ) from the total chromium. The detection limit of Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) were 0.67 and 0.51 mg/kg, and the linear range was 5-100 μg/L.ConclusionThis method could be used to determine the chromium form in gelatin capsule.

Abstract:To develop a fast, economical and sensitive method for determining the dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in infant formula, milk and milk-based products.MethodsLipid extraction efficiencies of traditional sample extraction (Soxhlet extraction) and acid digestion liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were compared. ResultsFor infant formula, lipid contents (%) determined by direct Soxhlet extraction (19.6±2.0) and by LLE (20.9±1.2) were close to the nutrition label (21.8±1.3), and the differences in efficiency between these two methods were not significant (t-test, P>0.05). For fresh cow milk and other milk powder however, lipid contents (%) determined by direct Soxhlet extraction were much lower than the nutrition label.ConclusionSoxhlet extraction was not suitable for non-infant formula milk powder or fresh cow milk, whereas acid digestion LLE results accorded well with the true lipid content for all types of dairy products tested. This was due to different proportion of whey protein to casein in infant formula and other kinds of milk powder.

Abstract:To develop a quantification method for chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF) in fish muscle by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).MethodsCoupled with internal standard of d5-chloramphenicol, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate,then defatted by hexane. The extraction was separated by gradient elution with methanol-water in ACQUITY BEH C₁₈ column. The analytes were simultaneously quantified by the isotope internal standard under the negative ion mode and multiple reactions monitoring mode. ResultsThe limits of detection for CAP,TAP and FF were 0.01,0.03 μg/kg and 0.03 μg/kg, and average recoveries 83.2%-96.5%,76.8%-93.8% and 79.6%-95.0% separately. The relative standard deviation varied between 4.1%-8.8%.ConclusionThe method was selective,sensitive,accurate and suitable for determination of trace three chloramphicols analysis in fish muscle.

Abstract:To develop a new method for the rapid determination of histamine by capillary electrophoresis.MethodsTrichloroacetic acid solution (100 g/L) combined with ultrasonic extraction was used to elute histamine from fish sample for 20 minutes. Then the solution was injected for capillary electrophoresis after centrifugation and filtration. The quaternized cellulose supported Au nanoparticles (QC-Au NPs) were used to coat the capillary inner surface and inhibit the adsorption of histamine. The capillary was fused silica capillary with id/od of 75/365 μm and effective/total length of 40/47 cm. Running buffer was 500 μg/ml QC-Au NPs phosphate buffer. Separation voltage was -12 kV. Temperature was 20 ℃. Detection wavelength was set at 211 nm. ResultsThe adsorption of histamine has been inhibited in the capillary coated by QC-Au NPs and the peak tailing was eliminated, the analysis of histamine could be completed within 4 minutes with satisfied accuracy and precision. Good linearity was found for histamine within the range of 0.05-0.80 mg/ml, and the r² was 0.998 7. The limit of detection(S/N=3)and the limit of quantification(S/N=10)were 0.002 μg/ml and 0.007 mg/ml, respectively. The recoveries of histamine in fish at three spiked levels ranged from 94% to 105%,and the relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 3.1%-7.2%.ConclusionThis method is fast, simple, precise and it is feasible for the determination of histamine in fish samples.

Abstract:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of emicarbazide (SEM) in flour and flour products.MethodsStable isotope labeled internal standard was added to the sample and SEM reacted with o-nitrobenzaldehyde in 0.2 mol/L HCl to produce stable derivatization. The derivatization was cleaned up with HLB SPE cartridge, eluted with ethyl acetate, dried with nitrogen, and redissolved with 0.1% formic acid. The sample was separated on a waters BEH C₁₈ column. The detection was performed with waters Xevo TQ-S using postive electrospray ionization mode and multiple-reaction monitoring mode. ResultsThe results showed that the linear range for SEM was 0.5-100 μg/kg in flour. The method showed good accuracy with RSD<20% (n=6) and recovery in between 60% to 120%.ConclusionThis method is fast, simple and has good reproducibility. It is suitable for semicarbazide determination in flour and flour products.

Abstract:The article analyses the basic principles of international organizations on imported food safety management, and summarizes the main experiences of developed countries. Four key measures are suggested to improve China's imported food management system, including clearly defining the primary responsibilities of business operators for managing the food safety and the supervision responsibility of competent authorities, developing the imported food inspection programme based on risk, enhancing supervision on the origin of imported food, and perfecting the follow-up management system after importation.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the administrative control and penalty of a food poisoning case, which was caused by contaminated food. The general administrative procedure of food safety events is summarized. Suggestions are proposed about the Food Safety law of China using in food service industry.

Abstract:To investigate the content of eleven 4,4’-diaminostilbene-2,2’-disulfonc acid-based fluorescent whitening agents (DSD-FWAs) in food contact paper.MethodsThe paper samples were collected from the markets in Fuzhou and Xiamen, and then DSD-FWAs in samples were extracted with the mixed solvent of acetonitrile, water, and triethylamine (40∶1, V/V), separated on Symmetry C₁₈, and detected by fluorescence detector (FLD) and photo-diode array detector (PDA). ResultsThe percentage of samples DSD-FWAs detected was 41.4% (37/87), and the total contents of DSD-FWAs were ranged from 0.20 to 2 027 mg/kg. In four kinds of paper material, the problem of paper bags and instant noodle paper bowls are larger. All eleven DSD-FWAs were found in some samples, and the detectable rate and the average content of C.I.220 was the highest, and was 40.2% and 75.3 mg/kg respectively. The detection rate of six DSD-FWAs was greater than 10%. A few DSD-FWAs in one sample can be found simultaneously.ConclusionThe illegal adding of DSD-FWAs in food contact paper is common. So the relevant risk monitoring and supervision should be strengthened.

Abstract:To evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistances of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods in Hebei Province from 2005 to 2013.MethodsThe detection of L.monocytogenes was referred to GB/T 4789.30. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution susceptibility testing. ResultsTotal prevalence of L.monocytogenes was 1.34% in ready-to-eat foods, in which the higher prevalence in cold dish or salad was 2.62%, and 2.51% in raw aquatic products. Among 15 antimicrobials, 13.97% strains resistant to one or more antibiotics. The resistant rate of chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin were the top three, which were 7.35%, 4.41% and 2.94%, respectively. All strains were sensitive to penicillin, imipenem, cefalotin, rifampicin and ampicillin-sulbactam.ConclusionThere was a certain degree of L.monocytogenes contamination in ready-to-eat foods in Hebei Province. It was suggested that the antimicrobial resistance was serious and grow rapidly. More attention should be paid to the supervision of ready-to-eat foods to ensure food safety and public health.

Abstract:To understand the Bacillus cereus pollution occupation in infant formula and rice flour, and learn the carriage trait of emetic toxin、toxin gene of Bacillus cereus.MethodsThe dilution culture count method(MPN counting)was used to isolate Bacillus cereus. PCR was to analyze the toxin gene type, including diarrhea toxin genes and enterotoxin genes and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was to detect the emetic toxin-Cereulide. Results28 Bacillus cereus strains were detected in 39 samples, detection rate was 71.79% (28/39), and two samples (5.13%) carried the emetic toxin. All the strains carried at least three toxin genes revealing most of them are strains of multiple toxic genes. Besides that, nheABC and entFM genes were the common shared toxin genes. The detection rate of nheABC genes and entFM were 100%, 35.71% respectively.cytK gene was the least frequently detected gene in isolated strains.ConclusionIt should be maintained that the surveillance of contamination occurrence of Bacillus cereus in infant milk powder and rice flour and the study of pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus to evaluate the possible threat against infant food safety from Bacillus cereus scientifically and practically.

Abstract:To analyze the similarity of molecular characters and drug resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from commercial chickens and patients with diarrhea, and to prevent the infection of Salmonella.Methods93 Salmonella strains were isolated and serotyped from 1 054 stool specimens of diarrhea patients and 440 anal swab of live chickens from markets which were collected from January 2012 to October 2013. Common non-typhoidal Salmonella were molecular classified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), clustering analysis was conducted by Bionumerisc v4.0 and drug sensitivity test was conducted by K-B method. Results88 strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella were detected in 1 054 diarrhea specimens, with the detection rate of 8.35%. The strains were subtyped into 25 serotype, and Salmonella enteritis was the majority. 46 strains of hon- typhoidal Salmonella were detected from patients under the age of 2 accounting for 52.27%. The PFGE showed that 16 strains of Salmonella enteritidis could be divided into 14 patterns, 12 strains of Salmonella stanley could be divided into 11 patterns, 14 strains of Salmonella typhimurium could be divided into 14 patterns and 6 strains of Salmonella derby could be divided into 5 patterns. The similarity between the strains were compared and two PFGE patterns of Salmonella enteritidis were 100% homologous, while there was little similarity in other strains. Meanwhile, there was little similarity between strains from chicken and patients. The drug resistance rate of non-typhoidal Salmonella derby to 12 kinds of antibiotics was below 50%. The drug resistance rate of different serotype was not identical, and Salmonella derby had a high resistance. 5 strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated from 440 anal swab in chicken with the detection rate of 1.14%. The strains were divided into 4 serotype, and Salmonella mbandaka was not detected in patients.ConclusionThe rate of diarrhea caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella was high in this region, especially in infants and young children. Strains from patients and chickens did not have the same clone so that common antibiotics had a good sensitivity.

Abstract:To investigate the rare earth elements residues in teas from Fujian Province in order to provide suggestions on reducing rare earth element (REEs) contamination, and to provide a scientific basis for setting the proper limit standard of REEs in teas.MethodsA total of 145 samples of nine teas varieties were collected from their plantation fields and markets in Fujian Province from 2011-2012. The concentrations of 15 REEs in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave digestion.ResultsThe total amount of rare earth oxides in the teas were 0.405-20.74 mg/kg, the average content was 2.988 mg/kg, and the median was 1.857 mg/kg. The qualified rate was 53.8%. The rare earth elements residues was the highest in samples from the southern Fujian, followed by the northern and eastern, and the rare earth elements residues in tea was related closely to the contents of REEs in the soil and fertilizers.ConclusionIt is not optimistic about the status of the rare earth elements residues in the teas in Fujian Province. Regulating and monitoring REEs residues in teas should be strengthened. The current national limit standard of rare earth elements in tea (GB 2762-2012) is debatable.

Abstract:To identify the anaerobic sporeforming Bacillus in dairy products.MethodsFive strains of gram-positive anaerobic sporeforming Bacilli in dairy product were identified by three methods, including Biochemical identification, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing techniques. ResultsThe biochemical method could identify three strains, whereas MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing techniques could identify all five Bacilli. The three methods gave the same identification results on only one of the five Bacilli. By contrast, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA methods gave the same identification results on four of the five Bacilli, indicating that the two methods are highly identical in identifying the Bacillus. However, biochemical method had big variation in comparison with the other two methods.ConclusionMALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing methods can be used as supplemental methods to the biochemical method in rapid identification of anaerobic sporeforming Bacillus.

Abstract:To assess the dietary exposure of DEHP and its health risk among Chinese adult drinkers, including general drinkers population, male and female adults aged 18-59 as well as male and female elderly aged 60 and above.Methods9 284 food samples were collected during 2011-2013 and categorized into 24 food groups which covered major diets in China. Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrition and Health Survey performed in 2002 including 68 959 subjects. Mean concentrations of DEHP were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure. The exposure was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of DEHP. ResultsIt was found that mean DEHP level in foods was 0.12 mg/kg. Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in general adult drinkers population was 2.23 μg/kg BW, accounting for 4.45% of TDI (50 μg/kg BW), and the maximum dietary intake was 10.04 μg/kg BW. The mean and maximum DEHP intake of male adult aged 18-59 was higher than other gender and age groups. Main food sources of DEHP for general adult drinkers were rice (26.97%), much more higher than other kinds of food, followed by liquor which was 15.89%.ConclusionIt was suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese adult drinkers population was lower than the tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there was no health concern based on generally accepted exposure limits.

Abstract:This paper summarizes the main way of people exposur to ecadmium, the main food of crowd dietary cadmium exposed, dose levels of dietary cadmium exposure in different countiies, for assessment of the crowd dietary cadmium of the risk exposure harm provide the reference.

Abstract:This paper reviews the studies about mycotoxin contamination in tea. Some results showed that mycotoxin producing fungi and mycotoxins were detected in black tea, green tea, white tea and dark tea. It needs to pay attention to the possibility of mycotoxin contamination in tea. To reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination in tea, it is suggested to monitor mycotoxins in various types of tea, and develop safe fermentation technology of dark tea by process control using non-mycotoxin-producing fungi as fermentation starter and monitor mycotoxins during fermentation.