Abstract:To investigate the effects of parental expose to transgenic Bt rice TT51on early physical and neurological development parameters of rats offspring.MethodsParental Wistar rats were fed with rice-based diets containing TT51, MingHui63or grocery rice for 70days prior mating, and females throughout pregnancy and lactation. Body weights of parental rats were measured weekly. Body weights of the pups on 0,4, 7,4and 21d were measured and recorded. In each dietary group, pups were assessed for physical, neuromotor, reflexologic development postnatal. ResultsCompared with MingHui63group and grocery rice group on physical, neuromotor and neurological reflex parameters in the offspring, no significant differences were observed in the TT51rice group. Furthermore, no diet-related histopathological changes were observed.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that compared with parental rice exposure to transgenic Bt rice did not exert any effects on physical and neurological development indexes of rats offspring.

Abstract:To explore the effect of porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptides (AMP) on hematology indexes and oxygen free radicals of broiler chicken under heat stress condition.Methods3010-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three groups with 10birds per group. The groups were control group (normal room temperature), heat stress group (simulate summer high temperature), and AMP treated group (2mg per bird) under heat stress condition. The chickens were treated with high temperature for 10days, 8hours per day. Serum was collected after ten days. Results The results showed that whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and packed cell volume of AMP treated group under heat stress condition had significant difference compared to heat stress group(P＜0.01); TP, GLO, GLU, ALT, AST and ALP of AMP treated group were significantly higher than those of heat stress group; TC,TG, UREA, LDL and HDL of AMP treated group were significantly lower than those of heat stress group. Comparison between AMP treated group and heat stress group revealed significantly increase of SOD and GSH-Px (P＜0.01), and decrease of MDA (P＜0.01). ConclusionIn conclusion, AMP could modulate blood components and flowing deformation, improve humoral immunity, balance oxygen free radicals to resist heat stress. Therefore, AMP has the potential as immunomodulator in broiler production.

Abstract:To analyze the protein components in shrimp which could bind with serum specific IgE (sIgE) of allergy patients.MethodsThe shrimp protein extracts were prepared by routine method, and protein components were separated by SDS-PAGE. Using serum of shrimp allergy patients as probe, the protein components which could bind with sIgE were identified by immunoblotting technique. ResultsThe SDS-PAGE of shrimp protein extracts showed 12identifiable bands, and the protein content of 65,0and 36kD were relatively higher than the others. Although the serum of allergy patients showed different affinity and binding sites in the immunoblotting assay, the identified protein was mainly in the region of molecular weight greater than 70kD. ConclusionWhen reacted with positive serum, the reaction intensity and protein content were unrelated. The sensitivity of detection for serum sIgE might be improved by extracting active protein components of shrimp.

Abstract:It was discussed in the article about the effect of plant sterol on cell proliferation and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cell.MethodsUsing cell culture, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of plant sterol. Morphology of the cells was analyzed by inverted microscope, cell survival rate by MTT assay, determination of cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. ResultsCompared with the control group, phytosterol concentration of 1μmol/L, had a significant effect on cell survival rate (P<0.01); Morphological comparison revealed increase with different concentrations of plant sterol including shorter synapses, cellular degeneration and atrophy; Early apoptosis was caused by different concentrations of plant sterol.ConclusionPhytosterols has the potential to be cytotoxic for neuron by inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis.

Abstract:To study the fungi contamination of shell peanuts harvested in 2012collected from 5regions in Linyi district, Shandong Provinces. MethodsUnshelled peanuts and soil samples collected at preharvest, harvest time, 1and 3months postharvest from different regions were inoculated onto PDA medium and the colony-forming unit of fungi were enumerated, classified and identified after incubation for 5days at (28±1) ℃. ResultsThe fungi contamination frequencies of the peanuts were approximately up to 100%. The species of fungi isolated from peanut kernels varied from region to region, and even different in the samples collected at different time from the same region. The contamination of peanut kernels by Aspergillus flavus was very low at the average percentage of 4.38%.ConclusionThe peanuts kernels collected from Linyi district of Shandong Province were severely contaminated by fungi but seldom by Aspergillus flavus. It was suggested that some important measures of mold prevention during storage should be taken.

Abstract:To observe the intervention effect of GTF functional milk on IGT mice and provides the basis for develop milk to intervent IGT effectively.MethodsExcept for normal control group, IGT mice of model control group, metformin group, chromium-rich yeast group, ordinary milk group, low, medium and high dose of GTF functional milk group were adopted D-galactose by intraperitoneal injection. After 14days, at the same time the mice were adopted by intragastric administration to observe the fasting blood sugar, 2-hour blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index 42days later. Results2-Hour blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index of low, medium and high dose of GTF functional milk groups compared with the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of medium and high dose of GTF functional milk groups compared with the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). 2-Hour blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, insulin resistance index of medium and high dose of GTF functional milk groups compared with the chromium-rich yeast group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Fasting insulin, insulin resistance index of high dose of GTF functional milk group compared with the chromium-rich yeast group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe GTF functional milk could reduce the levels of blood glucose and blood lipid and improve insulin resistance on IGT mice. After cow''s biotransformation, its biological activity could be further improved.

Abstract:To observe the effect of orally intake of perfluorocaprylic acid (PFOA) on serum antioxidant capacity in SD rats.MethodsThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (0,5and 100mg/kg BW, respectively) and orally exposed to PFOA for 7days. Serum were collected and the serum total antioxidant capacity, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (GSH) contents were determined. ResultsExposure to PFOA for 7days caused a significant decrease of body weight and liver enlargement. In 100mg/kg BW group, the serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), lipid peroxidation product MDA concentration was significantly increased, but GSH level was only slightly decreased (P＞0.05). Meanwhile, serum SOD activity was significantly increased after PFOA exposure.ConclusionPFOA is toxic to rats, leading to weight loss, liver damage and a decreased antioxidant capacity in male rats. However, the underlying mechanisms of oxidative damage caused by PFOA exposure still needs further elucidation.

Abstract:To understand the H7N9virus contamination in eggs and poultry products in Lishui city by RNA detection.Methods690eggs and 126specimens from the environment of agricultural market were detected by real-time PCR method for nucleic acid of avian influenza virus H7N9, H5and H9subtypes respectively. ResultsRNA samples of eggs were negative for H7N9, H5and H9subtypes. RNA of 126environmental samples were negative for H7N9, but 2samples were positive for H5and H9subtypes respectively, and the positive rate was 3.17%.ConclusionThe contamination rate of avian influenza virus in eggs was low, but H5and H9subtypes were existed among poultry in Lishui city. All relevant departments should strengthen cooperation to take effective measures to prevent human infection.

Abstract:To develop an antimicrobial activity detection method of enzyme preparations derived from microorganism, the key factors including paper specification, medium, the concentration of microorganisms as well as positive control antibiotics were screened and examined, based on the method recommended by JECFA. MethodsTaking 5.0and 10.0μg/piece of ciprofloxacin as positive control, nine kinds of paper, three kinds of medium and three bacteria concentrations under the same conditions (temperature, incubation time, etc) were checked for their influence on antimicrobial activity. ResultsThe effect of HZT No.2and Whatman 903(2piece superposed) were comparable with the commercialized antimicrobial determining paper. The effect of tryptone soy agar (TSA) domestically produced (defined as No.1and No.2) were comparable with imported TSA. The appropriate dilution of tryptone soy broth to 24h cultures was 10∶1 for 5reference stains, and 20∶1 for Streptococcus pyogenes. The recommended concentration for ciprofloxacin antimicrobial activity test was 5.0μg/piece.ConclusionPaper HZT No.2or Whatman903(2piece superposed) or whatman 2017-013, domestic or imported TSA medium, 10times culture dilution (20times for Streptococcus pyogenes), and 5.0μg/piece ciprofloxacin were recommended in the determination of antimicrobial activity of enzyme preparations derived from microorganism.

Abstract:The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method was applied to detect Salmonella spp.in food. The specificity and sensitivity of this method were compared with real-time PCR and conventional detection method.MethodsThe fimY gene of Salmonella spp. was used to design LAMP primers, and then optimized LAMP reaction system. LAMP method was compared with real-time PCR and conventional detection methods in some aspects, such as specificity, sensitivity and practical food samples detection. ResultsThe specificity of LAMP method was tested by using 93targets and 31non-targets bacteria. The results showed that the LAMP method was highlyspecific to Salmonella spp.. No cross-reaction was founded. In pure culture, the sensitivity of LAMP was 6.4×10²cfu/ml, which was consistent with real-time PCR method. The detection limit of LAMP reached 2cfu/25g in base-material addition test. The detection of 45practical food samples showed the detection rate of LAMP was 11.1%, which was as same as real-time PCR and traditional methods.ConclusionThe LAMP detection method of Salmonella spp. established in this study has good specificity and sensitivity, which can apply to the rapid detection of Salmonella spp..

Abstract:To establish an accurate, rapid method for determination of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite in drinking water.MethodsWater samples were filtered through 0.22μm filter membrane, and high salt water samples were cleaned up by solid phase extract. Samples were separated by a high-capacity anion/cation exchange column with potassium hydroxide and methane sulfonic acid as mobile phase, and detected by suppressed conductivity detector. ResultsThe limit of detection was 0.001-0.002mg/L. The recoveries were 89.6%-101.5%, and the RSD was 5.7%-8.0%.ConclusionThis method is simple, fast selective, and suitable for environmental water quality analysis.

Abstract:A method for determination of 49pesticide residues in mushroom and ginger by SPE-GC/MS was established, and 74mushroom and 22ginger samples were detected.MethodsThe pesticide residues in fresh mushroom and ginger were extracted with acetonitrile, and dry mushroom was extracted with acetone. The extracts were purified by SPE after being concentrated, and DB-1701capillary column was used for separation. ResultsThere was a good linearity between the peak area and the concentration of 49pesticide residues within 0.25μg/ml-2μg/ml, the correlation coefficients were 0.9890-0.9997, the recoveries of spiked sample at 8and 80μg/kg to fresh mushroom and ginger were ranged from 66.5%-143.8%, RSDs were ranged from 2.2%-10.8%, and the detection limits were ranged from 0.1-10.0μg/kg. ConclusionThe method was simple, rapid and reliable. It could be applied to determine pesticide residues in fresh mushroom and ginger.

Abstract:Along with the development of national food safety risk surveillance, information technology will become an important technical tool to strength the risk surveillance system. Information technology could effectively strengthen the timeliness, scientificity, accuracy and predictability of risk surveillance in China. The objective of this article is to introduce the current applications and address the existing problems of information technology in food safety risk surveillance. The article will provide appropriate insights and suggestions as a general guidance and reference for food safety risk surveillance practice.

Abstract:According to Regulations for Disinfection, intensive tableware disinfection units which did not meet the health requirements were charged for administrative penalty. This paper discusses the existing problems in the process of supervision, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

Abstract:To investigate the status of dietary nutrients intake of the Shunyi residents in 2011.MethodsUsing stratified cluster sampling method, Shunyi District was divided into urban area, developed rural area and underdeveloped rural area, according to the level of economic development and geographical location. Two communities or villages were randomly selected from each type of areas. 463households and 1761research objects were selected from every community or village randomly. Food consumption, dietary nutrients intake and food sources of nutrition of all members of each household were recorded. ResultsThe consumption of grain, soy, eggs and vegetable was at the reasonable level, but the intake of fruit, milk and fishery products was lower, only reached the recommended intake of 50%, 17% and 13%. Animal products, edible oil and salt exceeded the recommended values 2%, 88% and 78%. The decrease of energy was obvious. The intake of vitamin A, B1, B2and calcium was lower than the recommended values, reaching the recommended intake of 72.3%, 64.3%, 57.1% and 50%. The excess of energy from fat and the quality of protein needed to improve. ConclusionUnreasonable food consumption, diet pattern and deficient intake of some micronutrients might be the important factors influencing the health of Shunyi residents.

Abstract:To understand the status of cadmium pollution in Fengtai District of Beijing and to provide the scientific basis for removing polluted foods. Methods215food samples from wholesale markets, farm product markets, supermarkets were collected using stratified random sampling in 2011-2012. The contents of cadmium in foods were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry based on the national standard method GB/T 5009.15-2003. ResultsThe positive rate for cadmium was 76.7%(165/215). According to GB 2762-2012, the value of fresh mushrooms was converted into dried mushrooms, and the qualification rates in 215food samples in 2011-2012was 100%.ConclusionThe overall level of cadmium contamination in various types of food in Fengtai District was safe. However, cadmium pollution was detected in all kinds of food in Fengtai District. surveillance and control of food to protect consumers should not be neglected.

Abstract:To understand the situation of food pollution of lead, cadmium and mercury in Inner Mongolia during 2010-2011, provide basic evidence for the establishment of heavy metal food safety risk surveillance system, and discover the potential problems of heavy metal contamination in food.MethodsAccording to surveillance plan, samples were collected from 5regions of the middle, east and west of Inner Mongolia separately. The lead, cadmium and mercury content in food was measured according to national standard method (GB 5009.12-2010, GB/T 5009.17-2003, GB/T 5009.15-2003). Results1654samples from 7food categories were monitored during 2010-2011. 1610samples were tested for lead, the detection rate was 33.40%, and the violation rate was 1.62%. Violation rates of vegetable, eggs, foodgrains and mushroom were 5.16%, 2.21%, 2.20% and 2.01%, respectively. 1607samples were tested for cadmium, the detection rate was 48.60%, and the violation rate was 1.74%. Violation rates of mushroom, vegetable and eggs were 10.20%, 5.41% and 4.97%, respectively. 1531samples were tested for mercury, the detection rate was 37.30%, and the violation rate was 2.08%. Violation rates of mushroom, milk and dairy products and foodgrains were 20.13%, 7.02% and 1.20%, respectively.ConclusionMushroom, vegetable, eggs and foodgrains were contaminated by heavy metal in Inner Mongolia.

Abstract:To understand the prevalence of food-borne pathogens and the status of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Kunming in 2011, and provide the scientific basis for food safety assessment, drafting and amendment of food safety standards.MethodsUsing the multistage stratified random sampling method, a total of 334samples were selected from local residents’ main purchase places. The detection was in accordance with the handbook of food-borne pathogens and chemical pollutants and harmful factors. ResultsThe contamination rate for pathogenic bacteria in foods was 12.6%. The violation rate of total bacterial count and coliform group were 46.1% and 41.6%. There was a difference in total bacterial count and coliform group in categories. The violation rate of instant non-fermented bean products in total bacterial count was 78.9%, the highest among categories. The violation rates of coliform in descending order were cooked rice products, instant non-fermented bean products, meat products, frozen rice products and cakes. Mildew and Bacillus cereus in food were the most prevalent. Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella and Shigella were not detected. The violation rate of aflatoxin M_1in milk and dairy products were 45.0%. The violation rate of acesulfame potsddium in candied roasted seeds, nuts were 5.0%. Ethyl carbamate was detected in all wine samples.ConclusionThe violation rates of total bacterial count, coliform group, mildew in quick-freeze, aflatoxin M_1in milk and dairy products were high. The supervision and management in food processing, transportation, distribution and other aspects should be strengthened.

Abstract:To investigate the situation of Salmonella contamination and serotype distribution isolated from poultry and livestock in Kaifeng city, and to provide a scientific basis for foodborne diseases prevention and control.MethodsSamples of poultry and livestock were collected periodically and randomly from the slaughterhouses and farms in Kaifeng city. Samples were detected according to GB 4789.4-2010and the handbook of investigation of food contamination bacteria of Chinese CDC in 2011. ResultsAmong 691samples, 248were detected positive for Salmonella with a detection rate of 35.9%. 253strains of Salmonella were isolated, belonging to 17serotypes.ConclusionIn Kaifeng city, the poultry and pork, particularly fresh chicken, were contaminated by Salmonella at certain degree. Enhanced management and monitoring in breeding, slaughtering, processing of poultry and livestock are needed to reduce the incidence of food-borne infections.

Abstract:To understand the current status of sulfur dioxide in herbal health foods.Methods97samples were collected and the sulfur dioxide residue were detected by steam distillation-ion chromatography method. The distribution of sulfur dioxide residue was compared by χ²analysis. ResultsThe level of sulfur dioxide were mostly less than 30.0mg/kg (accounting for 88.7% of the samples ) and there were four samples whose sulfur dioxide residues exceeding 150mg/kg. The distribution of sulfur dioxide residue had a significant difference in different products of herbal health foods (χ²=9.952, P<0.05).ConclusionThere was a certain degree of sulfur dioxide residues in herbal health foods, which should arouse concerns of regulatory authorities.

Abstract:Analyze the patterns and epidemic characteristics of food poisoning event of Gansu in during 2004-2012. MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was used to analyze food poisoning data from the report system of emergent public health event of Gansu province from 2004to 2012. ResultsA total of 78food poisoning events were reported with 2508 victims, and the fatality rate was 2.15% (54/2508). Reported cases mostly occurred in the second, third quarter, especially the August. Poisoning incidents occurred mostly in the families, accounting for 41.03% (32/78) of the total cases. Food poisoning incidents and cases caused by bacterial accounted for 33.33%(26/78) and 60.41% (1515/2508) of the total. The deaths were mostly caused by toxic chemicals, accounting for 62.96% (34/54) of all deaths.ConclusionBacteria was the primary factor of food poisoning ,while pesticide and poisons was the main cause of deaths.

Abstract:To understand the condition of aluminum contamination in high aluminum food, and to assess the risk of dietary exposure to aluminum in Jinan.MethodsSurveillance on aluminum residuals in flour products, aquatic products, animal offal and starch products was conducted in Jinan from 2011to 2012. According to average food consumption from “nutritional and health status survey of Shandong residents in 2002” and the aluminum PTWI (provisional tolerated weekly intake) 2mg/kg BW in food established by JECFA in 2011, the point assessment method recommended by Food Safety Risk Analysis-Chemical Hazard Assessment was applied for exposure assessment and safely daily intake estimation. Results190food samples of four categories were tested. The average aluminum residual was 263.58mg/kg, the total detection rate was 65.79%(125/190) and the violation rate was 43.68%(83/190). The average aluminum residual of flour products was 203.79mg/kg, the maximum residual was 1260.90mg/kg, the detection rate was 58.68%(71/121) and the violation rate was 33.06%(40/121). The violation rate of fried bread stick was the highest, the detection rate of steam bread was the lowest and no sample exceeded the standard. The average aluminum residual of dried/salted aquatic products was 484.53mg/kg, the maximum residual was 2815.00mg/kg, the detection rate was 74.47%(35/47) and the violation rate was 70.21%(33/47). The violation rate of jellyfish and laver was 100%. The average aluminum residual of glass noodle products was 80.65mg/kg, the maximum residual was 423.00mg/kg and the detection rate was 75.00%(9/12). The average aluminum residual of animal viscera was 168.10mg/kg, the maximum residual was 251.00mg/kg and the detection rate and violation rate were 100.00%. The weekly average aluminum intake from four food categories was 9.07mg/kg BW, 4.54times of PTWI. Aluminum exposure from flour products was the highest, and dried/salted aquatic products was the second, which estimated to 6.33and 2.24mg/kg BW, 3.17and 1.12times of PTWI, respectively. ConclusionThe aluminum residuals of fried bread stick, jellyfish, laver and animal viscera were serious in Jinan. The dietary exposure to aluminum was high which put high risk upon local residents. In order to reduce dietary intake of aluminum, technical guidance on how to use aluminum-containing food additives scientifically and rationally should be strengthened.

Abstract:The risk estimates of experts depend on scientific evidence, or risk assessment process, while the public rely on personal experience and emotional factors to make their own estimates. Risk communication is to bridge the gaps between the experts and the public. There are some risk characteristics which could amplify the audience’s risk perceptions and further influence their attitude and behavior. This article analyzes those cognitional characteristics and provides specific advices for risk communication practice.

Abstract:Peanut is an important food allergen which can cause sever allergic reactions. Peanut allergy research is an important topic in the field of food safety study. This paper mainly reviews the current status of peanut allergy and the recent advances of the main allergen Ara h1, including the characteristics of peanut allergy and the desensitization methods, etc. It would help to reduce the risk of peanut allergic reaction and provide a theoretical basis for clinical desensitization therapy in peanut allergy sufferers.

Abstract:This article aims to promote the rational and scientific statistical analysis applied to food safety risk surveillance. The not-detected data, rate comparison, sample category and statistical analysis methods are discussed, and the characteristics of food safety risk surveillance data are analyzed and summarized. It is very important to apply a suitable and correct statistic analysis to obtain reliable, credible and comparable results, which would provide powerful support for monitoring. Otherwise, the conclusion of food safety risk surveillance would mislead the government supervision decisions, and consumers’ choices.