Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genistein(GEN)on the Nrf2/ARE pathway related factors during protection of oxidative damage induced by β-amyloid peptides(Aβ25-35) in astrocytes (C6cells). Methods Astrocytes was cultured for 48hrs. Aβ25-35(25μmol/L) was used to establish oxidative damage model in astrocytes. Four groups are control group, Aβ group, Gen-treated group (Gen+Aβ group) and Gen group(solo-Gen group).Gen(50μmol/L)was applied 2hrs piror to the addition of Aβ25-35.After 24hrs pretreatment, cells were harvested for assays. The mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase(GCLC)and manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD)in astrocytes were tested by RT-PCR and Western Bolt. ResultsComparing with Aβ group, the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC and MnSOD significantly increased in Gen-treated group and Gen group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Genistein could inhibit the oxidative damage induced by Aβ25-35in astrocytes through regulating Nrf2/ARE pathway related factors.

Abstract:Establishment of in vitro to insulin and transferrin-se-fibronectin (ITSFn) training method based on embryonic stem cells neural developmental toxicity evaluation model, and its effectiveness is verified, the refinement of neural development toxicity evaluation system. Methods embryonic stem cells suspended drops, suspension culture, insulin, transferrin, adding selenium, fibronectin induces neuronal differentiation, in combination with cytotoxic MTT law to build the evaluation model of neurodevelopmental toxicity in vitro, and detection of different concentrations of penicillin G, phenytoin and 5-fluorouracil effect under the condition of embryonic stem cell neural differentiation, ability, judgment the neurodevelopmental toxicity. Resultspenicillin G, phenytoin and 5-fluorouracil ID50D3nestin were 0.017μ g/ml, 49.40μ g/ml, 1139 μ g/ml, ID50D3EN-1respectively 0.031μ g/ml, 25.63μ g/ml, 1762μ g/ ml, its developmental toxicity determination in turn were no, weak and strong. ConclusionsBased on ITSFn neural development toxicity in vitro models to evaluate the correct judgement of 5-fluorouracil, phenytoin and penicillin G developmental toxicity, can be used for in vitro neural developmental toxicity screening and evaluation.

Abstract:An ICP-MS method was developed to determine antimony in polyester (PET) food packaging materials and four food simulants. Using this method, the initial concentration of antimony in PET and the migration from PET to food stimulants by time, temperature and different food simulants were studied. Methods Under different temperatures, different PET samples were soaked in 4food simulants of water, 10% (V/V) ethanol solution, 3% (W/V) acetic acid solution and olive oil, respectively. At certain time point, the soaking solution was analyzed by ICP-MS. ResultsRecoveries of ICP-MS method were in the range of 94.3%-96.1%, and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.38%-3.31%. The results showed that migration had positive correlation with temperature, the initial concentration and soaking time, but migration balanced after a certain period. Conclusion Antimony in PET was easier to migrate to acidic food stimulants. It suggested that the consumption of acidic food packaged with PET should be reduced.

Abstract:To investigate antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Nantong and characterization of related molecule mechanism of integron mediated resistance transmit. Methods 67Salmonella strains were isolated in Nantong area during 2008to 2011. The susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion assay. Conjugational transfer test was carried out using donor (Salmonella) and receiver (Escherichia coli.). The different integron genes carried by donor and receiver were detected by PCR. Results74.6%(50/67) strains was antibiotic resistant, 31.3%(21/67) were multidrug resistant. ClassⅠ integrons were identified in 20.9%(14/67) strains of Salmonella. The antibiotic resistant genes can transmit from Salmonella to Escherichia coli. meditated by classⅠ. Conclusion Multidrug resistance was frequently identified in Salmonella in Nantong area. ClassⅠintegron was an important factor of antibiotic resistance transmit in Salmonella and other bacillus.

Abstract:To study the effects of gestational and lactational exposure to bovine colostrum on the structure of uterus and the expression of estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ) of the female offspring of Spraque-Dawley rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into bovine colostrum and control group and fed before mating and during gestation and lactation with bovine colostrum diet and normal diet. Female offsprings were sacrificed after maturity and uteri and ovaries were removed for weighing. The hormone levels in serum were determined and the uteri were used for pathological examination. Expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen β (ERβ) in uterus were examined using immunohistochemical method. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the female offsprings’ body weight and ratio of uterus and ovary weight to body weight between bovine colostrum diet and control diet (P>0.05). Bovine colostrum diet significantly increased the level of prolactin(PRL) in serum (P<0.05). Additionally, the development of uterus was normal and the expression of ERα and ERβ had no significant difference between bovine colostrum group and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The gestational and lactational exposure to bovine colostrum did not cause significant influence on the development of uterus and expressions of ERα and ERβ.

Abstract:A method was developed for determination of free bisphenol A (BPA) in human milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods BPA was ultrasonic extracted with methanol/acetone (1∶1, V/V), purified by freezing-lipid coupled with solid phase extraction (Waters Sep-Pak NH₂ 6cc), and then eluted with methanol/acetone (1∶1, V/V). Finally, BPA was separated on a Waters ACQUITYTM BEH C18column (50mm × 2.1mm×1.7μm) and detected by negative electrospray ionization in multiple reactions monitoring mode. ResultsThe linear range of BPA was 0.1-20μg/L, and the correlation coefficient (r²) of the standard curve was above 0.997. The mean recoveries for BPA with three spike levels were 91.85%-106.75%, and the relative standard deviations were 4.80%-15.36%. The limit of detection of the method was 0.010μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.035μg/L. Conclusion The method was proved to be suitable to evaluate the level of free BPA in human milk.

Abstract:A method for determining pyrethroid pesticide residue in the tea samples by gas chromatography was established. Methods Benzine-acetone 1∶1 (V/V) was used as the extractant. The quartz capillary vessel column and electron capture detector were used, and an external standard was used for quantification. We analyzed pyrethroid pesticide residues of armor cyanogen chrysanthemum ester, chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum ester, cyanogen fifth heavenly stem chrysanthemum ester and bromine cyanogen chrysanthemum in tea samples. ResultsThe result indicated that the recoveries of armor cyanogen chrysanthemum ester ranged from 82.7%-101.3% with a RSD of 2.19%-5.46%; the recoveries of chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum ester ranged from 81.7%-102.5%, with a RSD of 2.11%-5.63%; the recoveries of cyanogen fifth heavenly stem chrysanthemum ester ranged from 85.3%-103.6% with a RSD of 2.04%-4.29%; the recoveries of bromine cyanogen chrysanthemum ester ranged from 86.1%-102.3%, with a RSD of 1.98%-5.25%. Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable, and suitable to analyze all kinds of pyrethroid pesticide residues in tea from the market.

Abstract:Based on GICA technology, we developed a four-in-one colloidal gold test strip for rapid detection of nitrofuran metabolites in aquatic products. MethodsGoat anti-mouse IgG, artificially conjugated antigen and the gold labeled antibody were coated onto nitrocellulose membrane and micropores, the concentration and the amount of coating were optimized, and the sample pad, the colloidal gold conjugate pad, the absorbent pad and other accessories were then assembled into test strip. ResultsThe results showed that the detection limits for aquatic AOZ, SEM, AMOZ and AHD were 1.0,1.0,1.0and 2.0μg/kg, respectively.ConclusionThe test strip is rapid,accurate and high sensitivity,suitable for the detection of nitrofuran metabolites in the large of aquatic samples.

Abstract:To develop a determination and verification method for DBS in gutter oil and its application. Methods After extracted by 50% ethanol and purified by SPE column, the DBS in gutter oil was detected by HPLC, separated by a Nucleodur C₁₈ column(250mm×4.6mm×5μm) with mobile phase consisting of methanol (containing 20% 10mmol/L ammonium acetate). Verification was operated by LC-IT-TOF mass spectroscopy in ESI-ionization model, nebulizing gas was 1.5ml/min and detector voltage was 1.68kV. ResultsQuantity of DBS in gutter oil was accuratly determined in the range of 4.030-503.3μg/ml, the recoveries were 77%-87% and RSD% of precision was less than 2%. All 7batches of gutter oils and 23batches of edible oils matched the results of verification. Conclusion The method was suitable for the detection of DBS in gutter oil.

Abstract:Establish an analytical method of Red 2G in meat product by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MethodsRed 2G in meat product was extracted by ethylate-ammonia solution and purified by polyamide, then analyzed with HPLC-PDA. ResultsThe standard curve showed good linearity in the range of 1.00-20.00μg/ml; the LOD was 0.1mg/kg; the average recovery was between 79.9%-84.4%. The RSD was 2.20%-6.45% (n=6). ConclusionThis method is suitable for analysis of Red 2G in meat product with high selectivity and sensitivity.

Abstract:A simple, rapid method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 17food additives in drinks by ultra high performance liquid chromatography ( UPLC). MethodsAfter protein precipitation, the sample was diluted by water, separated on a Endeavorsil TM C₁₈ column (1.8μm×2.1mm×100mm) with ammonium acetate (0.02mol/L) / acetonitrile as the gradient eluent with a flow rate of 0.3ml/min at 30℃. Components were detected with a diode array detector at 215,0and 254nm, respectively. The quantification was performed by the external standard method. ResultsThe method showed good linearity for 17food additives with correlation coefficients (r) above 0.998. All target food additives could be separated within 10min. The UPLC method exhibited excellent linearity over the range of 0.025-25.0mg/L. The detection limit ranged from 0.00070to 0.0074mg /L. The limits of quantification was 0.0024 to 0.043mg/L. The average recoveries for 17food additives from spiked drinks were in the range of 86.4%-104.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.25%-9.6%. ConclusionThe analytical method is simple, accurate, sensitive and suitable for the determination of 17additives in drinks.

Abstract:A new analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine fluoride ion, chloride ion, sulfate and nitrate in calcium phosphate. MethodThe chromatography conditions were optimized, and the anions of calcium phosphate were determined by ion chromatography with elution of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. The pesticides were identified by retention time and quantified by external standards. ResultsThe results showed that the four ions were separated with high sensitivity in the optimized experiment conditions. Concentration of each ion was linear with its peak area, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.999. The RSD of the detection results was less than 3% (n=9), and the recoveries were 80%-105%. Conclusion This method is simple, sensitive and rapid for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of anions content in calcium phosphate.

Abstract:Objective To verify the suspected cluster cases detected by active surveillance system of Salmonella molecular subtyping via pulsed field gel electrophoresis through epidemiological investigation and to propose preventive and control measures. Methods We analyzed the distributions of time, location and demographic characteristics by descriptive epidemiology, and investigated the food exposure histories. Then we collected food samples and Emu'' analswabs for Salmonella isolation. ResultsA foodborne disease outbreak of 5cases induced by Salmonella enterica Serovars Weltevreden was detected by the active surveillance system in Haizhu district, Guangzhou city, and the undercooked Emu''s meat product were the suspected food. Conclusion This is the first foodborne disease outbreak detected by active surveillance system via pulsed field gel electrophoresis in Guangdong Province, and the government should pay more attention to the application of the new technology and its consequent challenge on the outbreak response coordination mechanism.\=

Abstract:Objective To investigate the Anisakis sp. 3^rd stage larvae infection of Pneumatophorus japonicus in the Yellow Sea area. Methods 113live fish(15-20per month)of Pneumatophorus japonicus were collected from the Yellow Sea area during May 2010and January 2011,then dissected to examine and record the quantities of nematodes in the coelom,visceral organ,back muscle, abdominal muscle and tail muscle, respectively. All nematodes transparented by iactophenol clearing solution were identified by morphology, and 192of them(30-35per month)were classified by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Results 86.7% of 98fish were infected with Anisakis sp. 3^rd stage larvae. A total of 4770larvae were collected with the infection intensity of 5-194per fish and the average of 42.2per fish. 88.7% (4229/4770) of the larvae were detected in the coelom and visceral organ, while 87.2% (470/539) from body muscles were founded in the abdomen. The infection intensity rose up with the increase of body weight. The larvae observed were all Anisakis type I and 192of them were classified as A. pegrefii (191) and A.typica(1). Conclusion The Anisakis sp. 3^rd stage larvae infection of P. japonicus was serious which correlated with season, body weight and different body parts. The infection was identified as A. pegrefii by RFLP. The results could provide references to healthy quarantine and fisheries. \=

Abstract:Objective To monitor and analyze the contamination of Salmonella during the process of pig cultivation and slaughting in Kaifeng. Methods A total of 187samples of pig feces, anal swab, carcass smear and mesenteric lymph node were randomly collected from different sources. Samples were isolated and identified according to GB 4789.4—2010to monitor the contamination of Salmonella. Results Salmonella was detected in 4.5% of the pig feces, 16.4% of the anal swab, 34.5% of the carcass smear and 27.3% of the mesenteric lymph node. The detection rate was significantly different in different seasons (P<0.05). The positive isolates were distributed in 5groups, containing 14serotypes, mainly S.agona and S.derby. Conclusion Slaughter process is the critical point of pork Salmonella cross-contamination. Comprehensive measures should be taken in order to effectively control the Salmonella contamination in pork product. \=

Abstract:Objective To investigate lead and cadmium contamination in retailed livestock and poultry in Guangzhou city. Methods During 2006to 2011,9samples of poultry, livestock and pig''s viscera were collected from supermarkets, farm product markets, caterings, wholesale markets and the processing factories in 12administrative regions of Guangzhou city using stratified random sampling. The amount of lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The detection rate of lead was 65.42% and qualification rate was 94.54%. The detection rate of cadmium was 55.38% and qualification rate was 97.42%. The average level of lead and cadmium were both lower than the national limits for food contaminants. Extreme value occurred in pig''s viscera, exceeding the national standard by 4.9times and 5.2times respectively. The qualification rate of lead was significantly different among different samples (χ2=14.181, P＜0.05), but no significant difference was observed in cadmium qualification rate (χ²=2.174, P≥0.05). Lead (70.21%) and cadmium (88.21%) detection rate in pig''s viscera was the highest among the all the sample. In the six years of monitoring data, there was no significant difference in lead qualification rate between each year (χ²=10.45, P＞0.05), but there was significant difference in cadmium qualification rate (χ²=14.82, P＜0.05) with an increasing trend. Conclusion The contamination of lead and cadmium in livestock and poultry were at low level in Guangzhou city, but with increasing trend on cadmium qualification rate. It''s suggested not to intake excessive viscera of livestock and poultry. \=

Abstract:Objective To illustrate the situation of foodborne pathogen contamination in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products in Guangdong province and provide scientific basis for foodborne diseases prevention. Methods 740RTE meat products were collected in 8cities of Guangdong province by random sampling, and pathogen testing was carried out according to national standard. Results Staphylococcus aureus (4.9%) in RTE meat products was the most prevalent, Listeria monocytogenes (0.9%) was the second, and the prevalence of Salmonella (0.4%) was slightly lower than that of Listeria monocytogenes. All RTE products were Escherichia coli O157∶H7or Shigella negative. The peak season of pathogen contamination was the second and the third season. Conclusion The surveillance data showed that foodborne pathogens were existed at different levels in RTE meat products in Guangdong province. Staphylococcus aureus is the most serious one among five kinds of pathogens. The health inspection on RTE meat products should be strengthened. \=

Abstract:Objective To understand the status of sodium cyclamate in food in Tanzhou, and provide scientific basis for hygiene supervision. Methods 110samples in five food categories were randomly collected from nine supermarkets and thirty food stalls in Taizhou from 2010to 2011. Sodium cyclamate content was determined according to GB/T 5009.97—2003. Results The overall detection rate was 72.7%. The qualification rate of confects (52.9%) was the lowest, while the nut fruits were 100% qualified. Conclusion Sodium cyclamate was commonly used in sweet food in Taizhou, and the overuse of sodium cyclamate was serious in confects. The supervision should be strengthened in order to protect the health of consumers. \=

Abstract:Objective To understand the food inspection capacity of centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) in Fujian province, promote the rational resource distribution and utilization, and provide a scientific basis for decision-making of health administrative departments. Methods The census was conducted on Fujian disease control institutions; data were collected through network platform. Results ① There was about 57of food inspectors, account for 7%. The average of food inspectors with high Technical titles was 10, less than 6(5.78),less than 1(0.72) and with master''s degree or above was 7,less than 3(2.67),0(0.09) respectively. There was about 0.7people with senior titles and about 0.42of full-time quality control on average at county level. ② The approval ratio of CMA accreditation was 67.0% and the food inspection parameter compliance rate was 100.0%, 77.8% and 18.5%, respectively at different levels. ③ 93.9% equipment was in the unit price of 100thousand or less in county CDC. The instruments of class A and class B in country institutions were inadequate. 46.2% of the laboratories failed to meet the area requirements according to the guidance, either. Conclusion There are lots of deficiencies in institutes of CDC in Fujian Province, such as food inspectors'' qualifications, inspection capacity, advanced equipment, infrastructure and so on, especially at county level. \=

Abstract:Objective To analyze the lead and cadmium contamination of retailed pig viscera in Guangzhou city during 2006to 2011. Methods Samples were collected with stratified random sampling method from supermarkets and farmers'' markets in 12administrative regions of Guangzhou city during 2006to 2011. 235samples included 44lungs, 103livers and 88kidneys. Lead and cadmium contents were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results The lead in viscera samples was 0.01-2.45mg/kg, the average content was 0.09mg/kg, the median was 0.06mg/kg and the qualified rate was 99.1%. The cadmium in viscera samples was 0.001-5.232mg/kg, the average content was 0.161mg/kg, the median was 0.036mg/kg and the qualified rate was 97.4%. When the qualified rates were compared, the kidney qualified rate was the lowest(χ²=4.83,P=0.02). The lead qualified rate has no significant difference among years, as for cadmium qualified rate, 2006was the lowest with an increasing trend. Conclusion The cadmium contamination in kidney was relative severe and it suggests to be taken seriously and strengthen the food safety risk monitoring and supervision. \=

Abstract:Safety requirements on food contact plastic materials in EU new regulation were revised and refined. Provisions in the new regulation are more detailed, practical and reasonable. Main content of food contact plastics materials in EU new regulation and differences between the new regulation and previous plastic directives were introduced. This study was to understand the management framework on food contact plastic materials of EU, give referrence for Chinese management system, supervision authorities and food contact materials related industries and enterprises. We could refer to EU management pattern on food contact plastic materials in revising GB 9685—2008and establishing food contact materials standards framework. \=

Abstract:The regulations and standards of basic claims on food labels were different among developed countries. In this paper,the regulations and framework of CAC, several developed counties and China were summarized, and the similarities and differences were analyzed. \=

Abstract:Risk comparison, one of the basic skills of risk communication, is very useful to bridge the risk cognition gap between stakeholders. But inappropriate risk comparison may cause negative effect which could easily destroy risk communication effort. This article introduces the common forms and applications of risk comparison, discusses the guidelines and suggestions. It provides a reference for food safety risk communication practice. \=

Abstract:Free radicals have close relationship with various human diseases. In the course of free radicals scavenging, antioxidants play an important role. So it is critical to understand the role and capacity of the antioxidants. ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay is the generally accepted standard method for antioxidant capacity assessment. It has the advantages of being similar to physiological condition, simple, good acceptability, high sensitivity, good accuracy and repeatability, high throughput and not easily interfered by human factors. The assay of ORAC has been widely applied in the field of food, health food, phamarcy and medical science. This paper mainly reviewed the development and application of the ORAC analysis. \=

Abstract:The toxicity of aluminium is nonnegligible. JECFA has repeatedly modified its PTWI,the latest established in 2011was 2.0mg/kg. bw. This paper aimed to elaborate the aluminum exposure sources of the general population, the aluminum bioavailability of different food, and the exposure assessment at home and abroad. \=