Abstract:Objective To establish a noncompetitive and homogeneous immunoassay for chloramphenicol based on the antigen-dependent reassociation of antibody variable fragment and β-galactosidase ( β-gal ) complementation ( open sandwich enzymatic complementation immunoassay，OS-ECIA) ，chloramphenicol-driven complementation fragment of β-gal were constructed. Method Coding sequences of Δα and Δω of β-gal were amplified from genomic DNA of Escherichia coli cell lines DH5α and BL21， respectively， then fused to antibody variable region gene ( V_H-CAP or V_L-CAP) against chloramphenicol by a linker according to OS-ECIA model，and expressed under the control of promoter T7 in E. coli. Inclusion proteins were renatured after purification and analyzed for β-gal complementation activity. Results V_H-CAP -Δα and V_L-CAP -Δω genes were cloned as designed. Both fusion peptides gene were over-expressed as inclusion proteins. Inclusion proteins were purified to a purity over 80% ，then refolded by dilution method，and both refolded fusion proteins showed typical chloramphenicol-dependent complementation activity. Coclusion chloramphenicol-driven complmentary system of β-gal were successfully constructed.

Abstract:Objective To detect the content of phytosterols in 68 kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicine and analyze the distribution of phytosterols in Chinese traditional herbal medicines. Method The content of β-sitosterol， campesterol，stigmasterol and β-sitostanol in 68 kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicine commonly used in functional foods was analyzed by GC and the percentage of each ingredient was calculated. Results The contents of phytosterol in 68 kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicine were from 5. 2 mg /100g to 321. 4 mg /100g. Total phytosterol was higher in seed，flower and bark. β-Sitosterol is the major part of total phytosterol in most samples. The Chinese traditional herbal medicines with higher phytosterols were used in health foods for anti-inflammation and lowering blood lipids. Conclusion There were certain amount of phytosterols in 68 kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicines，which maybe the explanation for the function of Chinese traditional herbal medicines.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of high-lipid diet during early life on the development and serum cholesterol level of their offspring and the protective effects of phytosterol in mice. Method After pregnancy being confirmed，30 ten-week-old healthy C57BL /6J dams were housed individually and randomly divided into basal diet group，high-lipid diet group and high-lipid diet supplemented with 1. 5% phytosterol diet group according to their body weight. Ten weaning male offspring from each group were fed with basal diet and the blood，brain，kidney，liver samples were collected by the end of three months old. Serum lipids were determined by kits ( enzymatic method) . The expression of HMGCoAR was measured by RT-PCR. Results Serum TC and LDL-C levels of the offspring from high-lipid diet group were significantly higher than those from basal diet group. There was no significantly effect of phytosterol in the mother's diet on cholesterol metabolism of the offspring. Conclusion Maternal high-lipid diet could have some effects on the serum cholesterol level and testis development and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases of the offspring.

Abstract:Objective To compare the antiserum kits for the diagnosis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus produced by DenKa SeiKen Corporation in Japan and Tianjin Biochip Corporation in China. Method The serotype of standard strains and clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected by slide agglutination tests with antiserum kits from these two corporations. Results The detection rate of both kits for standard strains is 100% ; the consistency of these two kits for clinical strains is 95% ; and the specificity of both kits were good. Conclusion The diagnostic antiserum kit produced by Tianjin Biochip Corporation performed very well in this study，and can be used for the detection and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains.

Abstract:Objective To develop a highly sensitive，low-cost and rapid assay method for the detection of Staphylococcus aureusenes. Method Combining F₀ F₁ -ATPase molecular motor with immunotechnology to establish a rapidly technology for detecting Staphylococcus aureusenes. F1300 is a fluorescence indicator sensitive to the change of pH. F1300 was labeled first on the inner surface of chromatophore，which is the carrier of F₀ F₁ -ATPase. A complex of Staphylococcus aureusenes antibody-biotin-streptavidin-biotin-β subunit monoclonal antibody was then connected to the β subunit of F₀ F₁ -ATPase to construct an immunobiosensor; then the Staphylococcus aureusenes can be captured by the antibody anchored on the complex. The activity of F₀ F₁ -ATPase changed with the content of Staphylococcus aureusenes loaded on the biosensor. The fluorescence of tagged F1300 was relative to the change of pH induced by the variation of F₀ F₁ -ATPase activities. Results The time taken by this examination was only 4. 5 h and a favorable gradient was shown at 10² － 10⁴ CFU /well. Conclusion The method was time saving in examination，simple，low-cost and sensitive and met the requirements of detecting technology.

Abstract:Objective To establish a model for predicting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk. Method The growth curve of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk under different temperatures was developed by the method of GB /T 4789. 37—2008. On fitting growth curves with Gompertz equation， Logistic equation， Richards equation，Weibull equation，Baranyi equation and Monod equation，the primary model was established by Levenberg-Marquardt and Universal Global Optimization，and the secondary predictive growth model was established by a response surface model. Results Gompertz model was the optimal model for predicting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk. Conclusion A model for predicting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk was built by comparing multiple models. The predictive model can provide theory basis for the risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk，and also can provide a scientific basis for safety production and circulation of dairy products.

Abstract:Objective To assess the toxicological safety and to explore the antioxidative function of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr pigment. Method Acute toxicity，formation of micronucleus in born marrow cells and abnormality of sperm in mice， Ames test and 90-day feeding test in rats were used to assess the toxicological safety of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr pigment. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the content of MDA in serum and hepatic tissue were determined by the end of the 90-day feeding test in rats. Results The oral LD₅₀ of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr pigment in mice was more than 30 000 mg / kg BW，which indicated that it belongs actually to a non-toxicity substance. The results of Ames test，micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test in mice were negative. No obvious adverse effect was observed in the 90-day feeding test in rats. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and hepatic tissue for all dosage groups in rats were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0. 05) . There was no significant difference on MDA levels between test groups and the control group ( P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Nitraria tangutorum Bobr pigment was not toxic tested by acute toxicity， subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity. There may be an anti-oxidative function of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr pigment and further evaluation is deserved.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of potassium alginate on the clinical manifestations of essential hypertension (EH) patients. Method One hundred and two EH patients were randomly divided into potassium alginate treated group and control group. Antihypertensive drugs were taken as usual. Patients in the treated group were given milk powder mixed with 3. 5 g potassium alginate while the patients in control group were given milk powder only for 50 consecutive days. Blood pressure， blood routine， liver function， renal function， blood sugar and blood lipids of each subject were determined. The clinical symptoms and adverse reactions were investigated with questionnaires. Results The blood pressure of the potassium alginate treated group were decreased step by step following the intake of potassium alginate，and the blood pressure decreased significantly from the 21st day (P < 0. 05) of the trial. After taking potassium alginate for 50 days，the decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure in the treated group was at an average of 13. 89 mmHg and 10. 15 mmHg respectively，and the effective power of lowing blood pressure was 60. 78% . The scores of main clinical symptoms were significantly improved in the potassium alginate treated group，such as headache，dizziness，palpitations，tinnitus， insomnia，malaise of knee and waist，and the total efficiency was significantly different between the treated and control group. The total efficiency of improvement was 76. 47% . Conclusion Potassium alginate is effective in assisting antihypertensive drugs for decreasing blood pressure and alleviating clinical manifestations of essential hypertension patients.

Abstract:Objective To determine multi-residues of organochlorines pesticides (OCPs) and pyrethroid pesticides in tea by accelerated solvent extraction-gas chromatography ( ASE-GC ) method. Method Samples were extracted with thiacyclohexane-ethyl acetate ( 1 ∶ 1，V /V) . The extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction by using florisil as a adsorbent and were detected by gas chromatography-electron capture detection ( GC-ECD) . Results The recoveries of standard addition at the levels of 0. 01，0. 05 and 0. 25 mg / kg were more than 90% ，the relative standard deviations ( RSD ) were in the range of 0. 3% -3. 8% . Conclusion The method of ASE-GC is fast， low cost and in good reproducibility，which can be used for the determination of multi-residues of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in tea.

Abstract:Objective To work out an approach of determining sodium cyclamate in seasoned flour-made foods by gas chromatography. Method Based on the mechanism and procedure of deriving sodium cyclamate， the byproducts generated was reduced by controlling the temperature in different procedures. Isooctane was used as an extractant. The solutions for six concentration points of the working curve were prepared， and the chromatographic conditions were optimized. The derived products of sodium cyclamate were detected by flame ionization detector ( FID) . Results The peak areas of derivatives were in regular linear relationship ( R² = 0. 999 3 ) with the mass concentration of sodium cyclamate within the scope of 0. 02-3. 0 mg /ml. The detection limit was 2 μg and the RSD of peak area was less than 5. 0% . The recoveries of standard addition were ranged from 90. 2% to 99. 3% . Conclusion The method is simple， rapid，non-interference，low cost，high in sensitivity and accuracy，and thus is suitable for detection and analysis of sodium cyclamate in great quantities of seasoned flour-made food.

Abstract:Risk management is one of core elements in laboratory biosafety management，and risk management also plays an important role on the control and management of biorisks. The risk analysis，risk assessment and risk control in risk management was analyzed by using PDCA method. Based on the laboratory biorisk management standard and application experiences in industries， the concepts and the comprehensive implementation of risk management were generally introduced.

Abstract:Objective To offer a guideline to the surveillance and prevention of Listeriosis in China，by analyzing and comparing the epidemic characteristics，national surveillance methods，control and prevent strategies of Listeriosis in various nations. Method Comparative study and analysis of the literatures associated with Listeriosis worldwide. Results Listeriosis had become a notifiable disease in most countries of Europe and the United States. The incidence of Listeriosis increased in Europe，while decreased in the United States. The discovery of a Listeriosis outbreak depended on case reports，typing and comparing of the human isolates. Risk foods，transmission routes and other epidemiological data could be obtained through outbreak investigations. Conclusion Only when listeriosis became a notifiable disease，only when the hospital strains isolated from patients submitted to the public health laboratory，only when the laboratory-confirmed cases were epidemiologically investigated，we could attain the epidemic characteristics of listeriosis，and the pointed prevention and control measures.

Abstract:Objective To establish a food poisoning database for providing reference in handling food poisoning emergencies. Method All available data on studies of food poisoning were collected by computer on-line retrieval， screened and edited according to typical case reports with known etiological factors，characteristics of causative agents， latency period，symptoms，therapeutic principals，precautionary measures and other illustrations ( such as images ) . Results Seventy-eight kinds of food poisoning were selected into the database，including food poisoning caused by animal food，plant food，chemicals，pathogenic bacteria and food-borne illness caused by parasites and virus. Conclusion A food poisoning database ( stand-alone and network support) was established，and also provided references for publishing The guideline for the investigation and handling of food poisoning .

Abstract:In conjunction with an investigation on a case of bacterial food poisoning accident with unknown cause in Suzhou，the legal responsibility，applicable laws and problems were analyzed. Countermeasures for enhancing the assertion of legal responsibility in food safety accident were proposed.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the hygiene security quality of prepackaging pot foods in Vietnam，and propose that strengthen supervision measures to ensure the imported food safety. Method According to the national standard methods， Salmonella，Shigella，Staphylococcus aureus，aerobic plate count，coliforms etc. biological indicators were detected. According to the standard，acid value，peroxide value，lead，arsenic，mercury，copper and so on typical properties were tested. Results 238 batches were detected altogether，32 batches were unqualified，reject ratio was 13. 45% . The main unqualified reason is that 24 batches of the aerobic plate count and 8 batches of peroxide value is out of limits. Conclusion The hygiene security quality of prepackaging pot foods in Vietnam is not optimistic，we should strengthen the inspection and supervise of imported pot foods from Vietnam.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the use of food additives in the process of stir-fried meat dishes in catering units of Haidian district to analyze the hygienic problems，and to provide recommendations for health supervision. Method Information was collected through site investigation and face to face inspection from 170 catering units in Haidian district of Beijing by stratified random sampling methods. The data were integrated and analyzed by Epidata 3. 1 and SPSS13. 0. Results There were 64 food additives for stir-fried meat being collected in this survey，no harmful chemicals or substances were found in these food additives. The first three common used food additives were meat tenderizer (65. 6% ) ，baking soda (12. 5% ) and food colors (7. 9% ) . The survey revealed that the vast majority of food additives used in stir-fried meat dishes were taken without weighing (78. 0% ) ，no specific storage sites (87. 5% ) and no using records (79. 7% ) . Conclusion Using meat tenderizers containing enzymes as main components in preparing stir-fried meat dishes; the dose of chemical substances ( such as sodium bicarbonate) should be controlled strictly; and less or no food color is added. Establishing a graded management system in the production and use of food additives，developing manufacturing standards and standards for using food additives; and improving the information contents on the labels of food additive packages.

Abstract:Objective To compare the safety assessment systems on flavorings in China，the United States，European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) ，and to put forward and improve the safety assessment system in China. Method Current and valid regulations and methods on safety assessment of flavorings in CAC，the United States， European Union and China were collected，compared and analyzed. Results The specific agencies for safety assessment of flavorings，methods for evaluating exposure，and procedures for safety assessment in CAC，the United States，European Union and China were not the same. Conclusion Some defects in the safety assessment of flavorings in China were found. It is suggested that the food safety assessment system in China should be perfected further，and a normative toxicological database for flavorings should be set up.

Abstract:Objective To explore the distribution of Clostridium botulinum in environment，so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention，diagnosis and treatment of food borne botulism in Shijiazhuang district. Method According to the landform，350 soil，water and food samples from 8 areas of Shijiazhuang were evenly collected for testing Clostridium botulinum. Results Clostridium botulinum was detected in 15 samples ( 4. 3% ) . Type B Clostridium botulinum was detected in 12 samples，and type A Clostridium botulinum was detected in 3 samples. The contamination rates in areas where food borne botulism have occurred were higher than areas where no food borne botulism have occurred (P < 0. 05) . The contamination rates between mountainous and plain areas was not significantly different. Conclusion The prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Shijiazhuang district was higher than before，and type A Clostridium botulinum is present in these areas.

Abstract:Objective To find out the contamination of organochlorine pesticide residues and lead in tea in Tongzhou district. Method Pesticide residues of hexachlorocyclohexane ( HCH) ，dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane ( DDT) were determined by gas chromatography and lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The detection rate of HCH was 92. 1% ; the qualified rate was 2. 9% ; the detection range was < 0. 36-385 μg / kg. The detection rate of DDT was 89. 4% and the majority of them was p，p′-DDT; the detection range was 1. 4-189. 0 μg / kg. The detection rate of lead was 97. 6% . Conclusion It was suggested that the situation of HCH and DDT pesticide residues in tea was not optimistic and the level of lead remained high in Tongzhou district. More supervision is needed to guarantee the health of residents.

Abstract:Objective To provide scientific basis for monitoring targeted heavy metals in Chongqing. Method The data on heavy metal contamination in export canned food were collected from 2007 to 2009 in Chongqing and analysed for classification and statistics. Results Seven kinds of heavy metals were monitored in 2007，including lead ( Pb) ，total mercury ( total Hg) ，total arsenic ( total As) ，inorganic arsenic ( inorganic As) ，cadmium (Cd) ，zinc ( Zn) as well as tin ( Sn) . The contents of lead in 5 of 65 samples and the contents of total mercury in 9 of 60 samples were more than the upper limits. Total arsenic，inorganic arsenic，cadmium，zinc as well as tin in all samples were qualified. The same kinds of heavy metals were monitored in 2008，and the content of these heavy metals in all samples was in the range of standard level and qualified. Zn and Sn were removed from and chromium ( Cr) and stibium ( Sb) were added in the monitoring list in 2009. All samples were qualified for targeted heavy metals monitored in 2009. Conclusion The qualification of heavy metals in export canned food in Chongqing was good and the probability of exceeding standard level is small，while more attention should be paid on certain metals such as lead.

Abstract:Objective In order to understand whether the sanitary condition of the large，medium and small catering business in Taiyuan can meet the requirements of laws and regulations，the focus was put on the weakness points and emphasizing on supervision. Method Stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the sanitary management， sanitary institutions and the conditions of dish-washing and disinfecting of 56 catering businesses in Yingze district of Taiyuan city. Results The findings showed that the sanitary managing conditions was better in large catering businesses than those in medium and small catering businesses; the rate of equipping sanitary facilities in large catering businesses， medium businesses and small businesses were 100% ，54. 5% to 90. 9% and 40. 4% to 75. 0% respectively; and the qualified rate of food and drinking utensils in large，medium and small catering businesses were 95. 2% ，77. 3% and 56. 7% respectively. Conclusion It was shown that the rate of equipping sanitary facilities and the qualified rate of food and drinking utensils were gradually lower according to the sizes of business. The legal operation departments in charge of supervision should put the emphasis on the medium and small catering businesses.

Abstract:Objective To understand the hygienic status of sauced meat products whether which may be contaminated by coliform in Jurong，in order to improve the hygienic standards of the products and to prevent the occurrence of food poisoning. Method Sauced meat products collected from 2006 to 2008 in Jurong area were detected for coliform. Results The qualified rate of sauced meat for the total number of colonies in 2006，2007 and 2008 were 75. 9% ， 80. 4% ，84. 9% and that for coliform were 21. 3% ，34. 5% and 45. 8% respectively. The difference of hygienic status between years was statistically significant by χ² test. Conclusion The quality of sauced meat products in Jurong has improved year by year，but improving the overall passed rate is still the focus of inspection.

Abstract:A case of suspicious food poisoning caused by nitrite in some schools was reported at 14 o'clock on February 23，2010. The cause of the accident was judged as eating nitrite by mistake after epidemical，hygienic survey and examining surplus food samples. The victims were 32 employees of the school and their main clinical manifestations were dizziness，headache，vomit，nausea，cyanosis，palpitation and lack of strength. All subjects were cured by treatment with methylene blue，vitamin C，fluid infusion and other symptomatic treatment and were discharged after two days. It is suggested that nitrite is toxic for oral intake by accident. Propagation on the Food Safety Law should be enhanced in the relevant departments. The hygienic management system of schools should be perfected and the awareness of health knowledge in canteen staffs should be improved to prevent similar events from happening again.

Abstract:Some patients suffered from rhabdomyolysis syndrome were received by the Jiangsu Provincial People＇s Hospital and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital since July 2010. All of these patients had a history of eating crayfish. The clinical manifestations，laboratory tests and epidemiological characteristics of these patients were very similar to Haff disease. Similar foodborne diseases around the world will be reviewed in this article.

Abstract:Computer information technology has played an important role in the control of food safety system. A review on the application of computer information technology in food laws and regulations in China and abroad and the development of computer technology implemented in food enterprises was introduced，which can provide references for the development of relevant provisions in China and guide food enterprises to apply computer information technology more efficiently and reasonably.

Abstract:A total of 1 267 SPS notifications were received by the secretariat of WTO from 50 members in 2008，among which 820 notifications were food safety-related. The 369 food safety-related SPS notifications concerned by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China were analyzed and made comments. The developed countries or districts remain the main contributors of notifications. The residues of pesticide and veterinary drugs remain the main focus on SPS measures，but the number of which has decreased. The number of notifications on food additives，microorganisms has increased in 2008. Our work on notification comments is still at the beginning steps，and needs to be improved.