Abstract:Objective To investigate the modelling of ovariectomized rats for climacteric syndrome, in order to provide scientific basis for the functional assessment of products by which assist in improving climacteric syndrome. Method Seventy two rats were randomly divided into six groups of 12 rats each. The sham-operated (SH) control group was given water (ig), another five ovariectomized groups were dosed with water(ig)(OVX group), 0.2mg/kg estradiol (ip ) and 50, 100, 200mg/kg soybean isoflavones (ig) respectively. All rats were fed with soy-free chow. Tail temperature and blood E₂, FSH, LH and β-EP of all rats were measured. Results The tail temperature of OVX group was significantly higher than SH group. The tail temperature of estradiol group and isoflavones groups was lower than SH group. Blood estradiol of OVX group were significantly lower than other groups. LH of OVX group was significantly higher than SH group and LH of estradiol group and 200mg/kg soybean isoflavones was lower than SH group. FSH and β-EP of OVX group was significantly higher and lower than other groups respectively. Conclusion Ovariectomized rat model can be used as a simulator for climacteric syndrome, and the signs of climacteric syndrome in this model can be improved by soybean isoflavones.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba endocarp polysaccharide (GBEP) on the immune function of normal Balb/C mice. Methods Low, middle or high dosage of GBEP and distilled water were administered intragastrically to four groups of mice respectively for 30 days. The effects of GBEP on immunological indices of mice were observed． Results The percentage of T lymphocytes, Th lymphocytes and the ratio of Th/Ts in peripheral blood were significantly higher in GBEP groups than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference of other immunological indices between the control group and GBEP groups. Conclusion There were certain modulation of GBEP on immune functions of normal mice under the dosage in this study.

Abstract:Objective To establish a source tracing database for Cronobacter spp. Method Establishing a database, including biotying, antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequence, of Cronobacter spp., with a BioNumerics software. Results The source tracing database for Cronobacter spp. can be used to develop systematic research about this pathogen and for comparative analysis of different typing methods. Conclusion Based on the techniques and constantly improved information, the database will be helpful to compare timely and effectively the similarity of isolates and estimate the population variations of Cronobacter spp.. The database will provide scientific information for tracing the source of sporadic cases, outbreaks and for active surveillance of foodborne disease caused by this pathogen.

Abstract:Objective To explore a method for screening Arcobacter spp. Methods Filtering the suspensions containing Arcobacter with a fiber filter membrane technique, and using CCDA plates to isolate the strain. Results One suspected strain was isolated from fish. The phenotype characters and 16SrDNA of this strain were analyzed and identified as Arcobacter.butzleri. Conclusion The method is reliable for screening Arcobacter spp.

Abstract:Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.

Abstract:The main purpose of this article is to show a general idea of the real role of the Codex Alimentarius and the impact of the Codex to member countries，by which some reference and experience can be given to the construction of national food safety standards system. An overview of the Codex Alimentarius was presented in this article. The background, purpose, role and mechanism of the Codex were introduced briefly. Some issues currently faced by the Codex were raised consequently based on the short analysis. Several points on enhancing national food safety standard system in China were provided at the second part of the article: emphasizing horizontal standards; developing more practical Code of Practice; improving the correspondence between commodity standards and horizontal standards; fully use of test method standards available from outside; developing integrated nutrition standards; improving the capability of building Risk Analysis. A constructive mechanism on the effective participation of China to international affairs including the Codex Alimentarius Committee was suggested as well.

Abstract:Objective From the perspective of the government on food safety regulatory functions to seek a connecting point between public health emergencies and food security，to build emergency management mechanisms dealing with public health emergencies in rural areas. Methods Through designing a government crisis management function to integrate and upgrade an emergency system under food security crisis. Results In the management of public health emergencies in rural areas，food security and food safety system of the government play an important role in improving the emergency response mechanism. Conclusion Establishment of a mechanism dealing with public health emergencies in rural areas needs to redefine the responsibility of the government to achieve an organic coordination of macro-functional management and micro-system design.

Abstract:Objective To establish a gas chromatographic method for detecting dehydroacetic acid in moon cake. Methods After samples being acidified, dehydroacetic acid was extracted with ether and detected by gas chromatography with HP-5 capillary column. Results The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.13%?4.73%, the recovery rates were 99.8%?85.3%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9999. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid and accurate for the detection of dehydroacetic acid in moon cake.

Abstract:Objective The uncertainty evaluation of caffeine in beverages was measured by HPLC method, and the uncertainty was analyzed for providing a good reference for improving determination method and finding the key steps in determination. Methods In accordance with JJF-1059-1999 method, finding the factors which impacts the uncertainty evaluation in determination process, and the components of the uncertainty were evaluated and combined. Results The measurement uncertainty of caffeine in beverages by HPLC methods were evaluated(2.2 μg/mL). Conclusion Uncertainty in determination process was evaluated with a standard curve for quantity, which possesses guiding significance for finding the key steps in the job and improving determination quality in the future.

Abstract:Objectives To provide references for the authorization and management system of novel food packaging materials in China and to speed up its systematization process. Methods Introducing the regulations on the competent authority, authorized procedure, required materials and releasing forms in China, USA, EU, Canada and Japan. Comparing the similarity and diversity of different authorization mode, analyzing the relationship and significant characteristics of them to seek the enlightenment to China. Results The characteristics of competent authority, authorization procedure, required materials and releasing forms were special for each country. Conclusions The management mode suitable to their national situation in many developed countries has been established. Establishing authorization mode of novel food packaging materials in China is only at the primary stage, advanced experience of other developed countries should be used for references.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.

Abstract:With the increase of food safety risks and emerging food safety issues, food safety is already a focus concerned by the whole society. The application of rapid, sensitive, convenient, accurate and rapid food safety technology in the supervision and administration of food safety and its significance and effectiveness was described. Successful collaboration on improving the technology may play an important role to control, reduce and eliminate unexpected food safety incidents, to prevent potential toxic and hazardous substances, to reduce the incidence of food poisoning, to improve work efficiency and explore new food hygiene regulatory approach.

Abstract:Objective To understand the current status of labelling nutrition information, food composition, and claims for nutrition and nutrient function on prepackaged products. Method Taking photographs or transcribing the logos on prepackaged foods sold in supermarkets of Beijing and Shanghai to record the information of nutrition labels. Results The rate of labelling food nutrition was 59.5 %; The rate of labelling NRV% for core nutrients, based on the instructions of “Standardizing the Management of Food Nutritional Labels”, was more than 50%. The rate of labelling claims for nutrition composition and the function of nutrients was 40% and 16.9% respectively. There was a significant difference of nutrition labelling between different food categories. Labelling food nutrition has not been normalized. Conclusion In comparison with the days before the issue of “Standardizing the Management of Food Nutritional Labels” in 2008, the rate of labelling food nutrition on prepackaged food have increased, but the nutrition logos were still not normalized now. The supervision and inspection of nutrition labelling should be enhanced.

Abstract:Objective To understand the situation of organochlorine pesticide residues in tea grown in Fujian Province. Method The contents of HCH and DDT of 72 tea samples randomly collected in Fujian Province from 2006 to 2007 were determined by capillary gas chromatography based on the national standard GB/T 5009.19 —2003. Results The qualified rate for HCH was 95.8 % and that for DDT was 63.9 %. The major residues of HCH was γ-HCH, while the main residues for DDT was p, p′-DDE. Conclusion The status of organochlorine pesticides residues in tea can not be optimistic in Fujian Province. Regulating and monitoring organochlorine pesticides residues in tea should be strengthened.

Abstract:Objective To understand the status of cadmium pollution in Daxing District of Beijing and to provide the scientific basis for reducing polluted foods. Methods The contents of cadmium in foods were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry based on the national standard method GB/T 5009.15-2003. Result The positive rate for cadmium in 248 food samples monitored in 2008-2009 was 74.2%, and the rate of exceeding standard was 6.45%. Conclusion Cadmium pollution was detected in all kinds of foodstuffs in Daxing District. Reinforcing surveillance and controlling food production to protect consumers’ health should not be neglected.

Abstract:Objective To present the critical strategy and measures with the surveillance on foodborne disease outbreaks in Guangzhou, 2006-2008. Methods Data collected by Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance and Reporting System （FDOSR） of Guangzhou was analyzed on season, month, pathogen, food, meal place, reason, and so on. Results Total 189 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported, resulting 2678 cases and 6 deaths, with 14.16 illnesses per outbreak, attack rate 13.47%, and fatality rate 0.22%. 166 outbreaks (87.83%) were ascertained of pathogens, with microorganisms of most outbreaks (58.20%) and cases (70.95%), poisonous propagations of largest deaths (66.67%). microorganisms accounted for the highest cases per outbreaks (17.27 cases), while chemical agents of maximum at attack rate (91.83%), poisonous propagations of largest fatality rate (1.86%). Conclusion Efficiency and quality of FDOSR for correct prevention should be improved to reduce the burden of foodborne disease.

Abstract:Objective To monitor and analyze the hygienic status of aquatic products in Shenzhen in order to understand the pollution of aquatic products. Methods 345 aquatic samples including fish, shellfish and other aquatic products were collected by random from restaurants, fairs and supermarkets in Shenzhen from 2006 to 2008. Hygienic evaluation was based on the results of testing items including heavy metals, pesticides, pathogenic bacteria, clonorchis sinensis and vibrioparahaemolyticus etc. Results The pollution rates of aquatic products were 8.62%, 3.09% and 20.19% in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. The main pollutant items were vibrioparahaemolyticus, lead and nitrite, and the qualified rates of main polluted fish breeds were 47.37% in grass carp, 25.93% in freshwater grouper and 25% in carp. The contents of shellfish toxin were not exceeded the standards in 7 samples. The pollution rates of clonorchis sinensis were high, 20% in grass carp, 17.14% in tilapia and 12% in crucian. Conclusion The hygienic inspection and guidance for cultivating, marketing and consuming aquatic products should be enhanced. In order to ensure the food safety for consumers, reducing the intake of raw or undercooked aquatic products is necessary.

Abstract:Objective To understand the contamination of foodborne pathogens in WenZhou, such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, E.coli O157?H7, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Laribacter hong kongensis. To improve the capability of detecting, early warning and controlling foodborne diseases, and to effectively prevent and predict the out-break of foodborne illness. Methods Based on the 2007 workbook on foodborne diseases surveillance network. Results In the 476 tested samples, 74 strains of pathogens were detected, including 6 strains of Salmonella; 9 strains of Listeria monocytogenes; 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 39 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. No E.coli O157?H7, Campylobacter, Laribacter hong kongensis was found. Conclusion There were some contamination of foodborne pathogens in WenZhou, especially in cold dishes, marine fish and bulk cooked meat products.

Abstract:Objective To definite the cause of a collective food poisoning. Methods Investigation at the site and inspection in laboratory. Results There were 200 people eating the suspected food. The cumulative incidence was 95 cases and the incidence rate was 47.5%. All cases were cured. Conclusion The epidemiological investigation and laboratory inspections identified that the toxication event was a collective food poisoning caused by salmonella contamination.

Abstract:With the commercialization of transgenic technology, foods directly or indirectly derived from genetically modified (GM) crops have increased significantly. Research on the newly expressed proteins is one of the critical parts that constitute the safety assessment on GM foods. The potential hazards of transgenic proteins were reviewed on the aspects of safety use history, analysis on bioinformatics, stability in vitro, mode of action and toxicological tests etc.

Abstract:Potential sensibilizing substances in food include natural or modification origins. The allergenicity assessment is an important part for the food safety evaluation of plant genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Take GMOs as an example, the progress on strategy and method for the allergenicity assessment about the potential substances in food were reviewed.

Abstract:Mango is a kind of tropical fruit cultivated widely in the world. Some food allergens contained in mango may have adverse effects on human health. Progress on the research of the clinical symptoms and the prevalence of mango allergy，mango allergens and the cross-reaction of mango allergens with other allergens are reviewed.