Abstract:目的对基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)检测与鉴定常见食品真菌进行探索。方法对MALDI-TOF-MS检测食品真菌所用基质、基质与样品比例、上样方法等进行筛选,获得优化的实验条件,并对方法的重现性和实际应用进行研究。结果MALDI-TOF-MS分析不同属真菌所需的最适基质各异,红曲霉属与镰孢菌属最适基质均是MBT;曲霉属、青霉属与酵母菌的最适基质均是IAA;上样的最适基质/样品比例为1∶1;混合液滴干燥法为最佳上样方法。结论MALDI-TOF-MS直接分析真菌的方法稳定、重现性好。

Abstract:目的了解江苏省农村自办家宴的规模、对食品卫生的认知和需求。方法对自办家宴情况抽样调查，并统计分析。结果农村家庭普遍操办过家宴，苏南与苏中、苏北因经济发展差异对家宴形式需求有所不同。96．2％的家庭认为，需要对民间厨师进行管理、对自办家宴食品卫生给予指导和帮助。结论建议出台相应管理措施。规范化管理民间厨师及农村家宴卫生，提高农村食品卫生水平。

Abstract:目的建立一种新型快速测定干香菇中多茵灵残留量的方法。方法用加速溶剂萃取（AsE），LC-SCX小柱净化，以甲醇＋乙酸铵（45＋55，体积分数）为流动相，配备Xterra-C18柱、紫外检测器（280nm）的高效液相色谱仪对待测组分进行分离和测定。结果干香菇样品中多茵灵添加回收率在76％～105％之间，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）小于10％，多茵灵在样品中的最低检出浓度为0、01mg／kg。结论该方法定量准确、快捷，操作简便，灵敏度高，满足多茵灵残留分析要求。

Abstract:目的对市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测方法进行研究。方法分别用常规培养鉴定方法、常规PCR方法和实时荧光PCR方法对32份奶粉样品进行阪崎肠杆菌分离鉴定。结果32份样品中检出2株阳性株，阳性率为6．25％，3种鉴定方法结果相符。结论联合使用多种鉴定方法可提高阪崎肠杆菌检测的可靠性。

Abstract:Objective To apply the quantitative classification management system of food hygiene.Method Quantitative classification management system was experimented in certain cities to improve the system establishment stage by stage. The cooperation team and food association should be exerted themselves. Improvements on health condition were the main objective for the classification management system. Meanwhile the classification method can improve the health condition of the food industry.Results By conducting the quantitative classification management system of food hygiene, the system of sharing responsibilities was built to establish the multi-department cooperation mechanism, to change the working method of health inspection, and to improve the inspectors' skill. Deficiencies of the quantitative classification management system showed that the risk classification was too simple and limited. Inspection frequencies were beyond the human resource of health inspection, and the classification tables were difficult to application.Conclusion It was concluded that quantitative classification management system on food hygiene could suit the china national condition and should be studied and promoted. Therefore, the classification system should be established and promoted by proper association. The guideline of quantitative classification management system for food hygiene should be amended to define the classification standard, to modify the classification standard and to decrease the inspection frequency. The classification management system should be legalized, and the classification tables should be amended in details.

Abstract:Objective To describe the status of the certification and circulation of the products for national health foods and discuss the influence factors of the sustainable development of national health foods.Method The numbers of major function items of national health foods were summarized and the production sales in industries were inspected by questionnaire.Results Improvements were made in both output and total sales of national health foods. The problems of the safety of raw materials were very serious, and the functions of national health foods were concentrated on a few functions and the relationship between effective contents and functions should be explored.Conclusion More attention should be paid on research of safety of raw materials and effective contents of national health foods.

Abstract:目的了解公众对北京市餐饮业食品卫生量化分级管理工作的认知认可情况以及相关消费行为。方法以分层随机抽样的方法，选择东城、海淀：昌平3个区的A、B级餐饮单位就餐者进行现场问卷调查，用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果（1）985名消费者中有42、26％听说过食品量化分级管理，其中77、83％的人见过餐厅门口的等级标志牌；消费者对A级单位总体满意率为95．73％；（2）95、90％消费者对量化分级制度表示支持，86、94％消费者认为实施量化分级对卫生等级低的企业有促进作用。（3）影响消费者就餐选择前两位的因素依次是卫生状况（42．64％）和就餐环境（42．23％）；餐厅卫生方面消费者最关注的依次是餐具是否干净（26．63％）、餐厅装修（23．37％）；对卫生状况好的餐厅，51．27％的消费者表示会无条件向亲友推荐，45、68％的消费者表示如果饭菜口味或价位也不错就推荐。结论公众对实施量化分级管理制度有较高的社会认同，但总体知晓率和公众对餐厅卫生的重视程度有待进一步提高，提示有关宣传工作应进一步加强。

Abstract:Objective To study the use situations of pesticides of fruit and vegetable in Tianjin Area. Method Questionnaires were used to collect the information from 3 360 farmers who were randomly selected. The questionnairy contents included type, frequency, interval and safe-interval of pesticides used to fruits and vegetables. Results The pesticides types used in fruits and vegetables were 140 in 2005 in Tianjin area. The organic phosphorus pesticide were main used, which percentage was 20.7 %. According to the ranges of pesticide use frequency, pesticides of top 10 kinds were low toxicity and low residue. The use frequency of organic phosphorus pesticide imidacloprid was the most, accounted for 15.3% of the whole year. Total rate of pesticide abuse was 1.59% in a year. There were significant differences of pesticide abuse during the four seasons, and during the third season the rates of pesticide abuse were the highest, which could reach 2.57%. In certain fruits and vegetables the pesticides were illegally used. The rates of illegal use of fenvalerate in the apples were 95.8 %. Conclusion The uses of forbidden pesticides were obviously improved in our country, and the illegal phenomena of the use interval and safe-interval of certain pesticides were still serious.

Abstract:Objective To enhance the levels on health supervision for food containers and packaging materials in China. Method The development histories of hygienic standards and health supervision for food containers and packaging materials in Chinae were looked back, and the current conditions of health supervision for food containers and packaging materials according to laws and hygienic standards were analyzed, and comparied with those of USA and EU. Results The results showed that a lot of shortages on law, standard, and health supervision of food containers and packaging materials in China were found. Conclusion Aiming at the shortages, strengthen lawmaking, perfected new product approval, revised hygienic standard, and strengthen supervision should be revised.

Abstract:Objective To present circumstances of authorized administration system of Chinese health foods, summarize the traits of Chinese health foods, aim to present proposers, consumers and others to know about circumstances of authorized administration of Chinese health foods with some help and references. Methods The rules and regulations on health foods, such as law, rule and act, etc. were compared and summarized. Results The differences between the Rule of Administration Law of Health Foods and the Rule of Authorized Administration Law of Health Foods were listed. The administration rules of health foods were sorted and summarized. According to the procedure of examination, the bases of techno-evaluation in primary parts were presented. According to data of products authorized in years of 2003 - 2005, the characteristics of prescription, materials, and functional elements and so on of Chinese health foods were summarized. Conclusion The survey indicated that the regulations and rules on health foods in China could be relatively integrated. The legislation ideas should be obviously improved.

Abstract:Objective To understand new safety and hygiene regulations of fishery products in European Union and suggest our countermeasures.Method New safety and hygiene regulations and exportation situations of EU were analyzed.Results New safety and hygiene regulations of fishery products in European Union could make opportunities to improve the fishery producible procedures and provide nice circumstances for well-run enterprises.Conclusion It is necessary to build a system with government as guidance, enterprise as the main body, and each section mutual linkage. The management level and quality body should be improved, so as to strengthen competitive power of Chinese exportation enterprise and to promote better development of exportation of fishery products.

Abstract:Objective To carry out the quantified and classified management systems of food hygiene, make the quantitative evaluation table more applicable and improve the efficiency of supervision. Method According to our local conditions, a quantitative evaluation table for food hygiene, applying to the middle-large sized supermarkets, was established in Taizhou city. Results The levels of the management of food hygiene of supermarket in Taizhou city could be improved with the application of the table. Conclusion The application of the quantitative evaluation table is more convenient, practical, comprehensive, objective and fair to the management of food hygiene in supermarkets.

Abstract:Objective To perfect every step of food sample test procedure and avoid losing lawsuits because of non-standard operation. Method According to actual work, an analysis was made to existing problem associated with a product inspection. Results Problems of certain steps of food sample test procedure still existed. Any negligent operation could cause serious result and should affect sample test work. Conclusion The technicians or staffs who were in charge of selecting and testing sample should study the related laws and standards. Also, it could be necessary for them to control every procedure in sample test. In this case, the sample test work should become active.

Abstract:Objective To find out the contents of sulfite in certain food of Shandong province. Method 252 food samples of 8 kinds were determined from 2005 to 2006 year. Results The residue of sulfur dioxide in the samples were lower and the rate residue in the samples over national standard of China was 7.14%, and the samples over the standard may focus on several specific kinds, and the residue in these samples were higher than those of the standard. Conclusion The results showed that most samples were satisfied. More attention should be payed to the behavior of abuse of food additives.

Abstract:目的评价《餐饮业和集体用餐配送单位卫生规范》在泰州市856家餐饮单位的实施情况。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取20％的餐饮单位，按照《规范》的要求，自行设计评分表，分硬件设施到位情况与软件管理资料进行量化评分。硬件设施全部到位、软件管理分达到75分及以上为达标线。结果经营面积在500m^2以上的大型餐饮单位达标率在80，0％以上，而低于150m^2的小型餐饮单位的达标率仅为61，2％，二者差异有统计学意义，表明低于500m^2的中小型餐饮单位，尤其是低于150m^2的小型餐饮单位是《规范》推行的难点。不达标的主要因素是独立的餐用具洗消间不能及时到位。对于需经常清洗的场所，《规范》规定的贴1．5m以上的墙裙，在推行中效果不理想。网孔小于6mm的防鼠网宜全程封堵下水道。独立隔间应设置具体的可操作性的卫生标准，如餐用具洗消间的面积、内部卫生设施等。保洁间设置为独立隔间的饭店面积可适当放宽。结论《规范》推行的难点是中小型餐饮单位。有关部门在设置卫生标准时，应考虑推行的可操作性。

Abstract:If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.

Abstract:Sodium Cyclamate as a general kind of sweetener additives may be used widely in food. In recent years, concentrations over the standard with Sodium Cyclamate were tested in several domestic and export foods. The disputes on safety problems of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of sodium cyclamate were aroused, which resulted in an awful scare for consumers. Attending to disputes on safety of the substance, the world nations should be paid more attention to various maximum levels for Sodium Cyclamate contains in the food established in several countries. The exports of foods in China were seriously obstructed. In order to lead consumers to realize the substance correctly, the safety of Sodium Cyclamate were interpreted in this paper, and the standards of China were compared with other countries, and the situations of the use of Sodium Cyclamate in food were reviewed. The manufacturers were instructed to use the substance rightly during the process of producing the food,

Abstract:Microcystin(MCYSTs,MCs)is a common algal toxin in eutrophic fresh water body. In this paper, the toxicology,hazard of microcystin, and its concentration in raw materials and finished products of spires health food,and limit standard were reviewed.It was suggested that the limit standard of microcystin in health food should be formulated.