Abstract:According to the data collected by the National Foodborne Diseases Surveillance Network, the food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is going up in China recent years. In order to get more information about the V. parahaemolyticus contamination in retail seafoods, 236 samples, including sea crustacean (69), shellfish (116) and fish (51) were collected from the seafood wholesale markets (9), retail markets (128) and hotels (99) in four coastal provinces, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Fujian in China within the period from September to December 2003. The V. parahaemolyticus in seafood samples was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by the Vitek identification system and the most probable number (MPN) technique. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 38 6% of all the samples (91/236). A significantly larger number of positive findings involved the samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in crustacean, shellfish and fish were 49 3%, 37 9% and 25 5%, respectively, with the mean densities of V. parahaemolyticus in positive samples 171 4, 76 9, and 50 7 MPN per 100 grams, respectively. High frequency of V. parahaemolyticus was detected in retail seafoods. It is concluded that this organism needs to be intensively monitored and controlled in raw seafoods.

Abstract:To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from retail chicken and evaluate the spectrum of their multiple antimicrobial resistance , fifty one strains of identified Salmonella isolates were analyzed for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with 30 kinds of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method All of the strains were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Eight strains (15 7%) were resistant to three kinds, thirteen strains (25 5%) to four, nine strains (17 6%) to five, twelve strains (23 5%) to six to nine and nine strains (17 6%) to ten antimicrobial agents All of the 51 strains were resistent to vancomycin,erythromycin and mezlocillin. Resistance to the following antibiotics was common among isolates: nalidixic acid (52 9%), sulfonamides(35 9%), streptomycin (33 3%), tetracycline (29 4%), ampicillin (23 5%), carbenicillin (21 6%), amoxicillin (19 6%), piperacillin (19 6%), mezlocillin (17 6%), doxycycline (17 6%) and chloramphenicol (13 7%). It is important that one isolate of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the retail chicken in Fujian province was resistant to fifteen antimicrobial agents, which exhibiting the antimicrobial resistance profile similar to that of Salmonella typhimurium DT104. These data indicate that the fifty one Salmonella isolates recovered from retail raw chicken are commonly resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Abstract:为了解挪威棕色大鼠(BN)作为食物过敏动物模型的可行性。将24只BN大鼠随机分为灭菌水组(对照组)、卵清蛋白组(Ovalbumin，OVA)、马铃薯酸性磷酸酶组(Potato acid plaosplaatase，PAP)、鸡蛋清粗提蛋白质组(hen’s egg-white protein，HEWP)，每组6只。对各组大鼠灌胃，1ml／只，OVA、PAP组蛋白质浓度为1mg／ml,HEWP组蛋白质浓度为10．0mg／ml，每天1次．共6周。检测血清中特异IgE抗体滴度，同时进行皮肤过敏反应试验(PCA)。在第28、42天，OVA、HEWP组BN大鼠32倍稀释血清中特异IgE抗体均较对照组升高，并有统计学差异，第14、28、42天的：PAP组及第14天的OVA、HEWP组BN大鼠32倍稀释血清中特异IgE抗体较对照组相比无统计学差异。BN大鼠对常见致敏食物蛋白质OVA和HEWP产生过敏反应，对无致敏史食物蛋白质PAP无过敏反应。BN大鼠模型可能是较为理想的食物过敏动物模型。

Abstract:为选择良好的禽肉和鸡蛋中沙门菌定量检测方法 ,通过染菌实验 ,分析比较了涂布平板计数法和MPN法 ,结果表明平板计数法优于MPN法。应用平板计数法检测了 16份鸡蛋和 2 6份禽肉试样。沙门菌检出限分别为 1CFU ml和 10 0CFU g。 16份蛋类试样中均未检出沙门菌。 2 6份鸡肉试样中 ,2 0份为沙门菌阳性 ,阳性率为 77%。其中 9份试样沙门菌数低于检出限 10 0CFU g ,其余试样菌数范围为 1 5× 10 2 ～ 2 5× 10 5CFU g。对 3份 - 2 0℃保存 5d的阳性禽肉试样应用MPN法进行了冷冻前后沙门菌含量的比较分析 ,储存后的菌数比冷冻前略有增加。实验结果表明 ,在食物试样中杂菌污染严重或沙门菌水平较低的情况下 ,平板法不能准确进行沙门菌计数 ,仍需进行MPN定量检测。

Abstract:Antibiotic susceptibility testings were made by gradient diffusion (E Test; AB Biodisk) on deMan, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) agar plate for 12 strains of probiotics commonly used as an ingredient of functional foods. The antibiotics included, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Vancomycin, Trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazone, Trimethoprin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomyxin, Tetracycline, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Nalidixic acid, Ceftriaxone, and Cephalothin. The result showed that all strains were resistant to Amikacin and Kanamycin, and sensitive to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and Chloramphenicol. The main resistant pattern in antibiotic susceptibility testing was Amikacin(12/12), Kanamycin(12/12), Nalidixic acid (11/12), Trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazone (10/12), Trimethoprin(9/12)and Vancomycine(7/12).

Abstract:为系统了解福建省食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的污染状况、分布特征以及血清型别，为评价和预警我省食品污染状况和制定相关食品卫生政策提供可靠的基础数据，根据福建省的不同地理位置和经济状况，选择福州、泉州、龙岩和尤溪4个市县为监测点，在夏季和冬季随机采集农贸市场的4大类样品。样品LB增菌后，采用科玛嘉单核细胞增生李斯特菌显色平板分离，做VITEK32全自动微生物鉴定系统和Listeria monocytogenes API试剂条生化试验、溶血试验、小鼠毒力试验和血清学试验。2000年～2003年对生肉、熟肉、水产品和生牛奶4大类共1369份食品进行检测，单核细胞增生李斯特菌的总检出率为6．14％。不同种类食品的阳性率高低不一，阳性率最高为生肉(12．44％)，水产品和生牛奶中均未检出。生肉类中阳性率最高为冻鸡肉(38.46％)，鲜鸡肉中未检出。4个市县的检出率呈地区性差异，幅度介于7．55％～5．20％之间。夏季和冬季的检出率差异无显性。30株单核细胞增生李斯特菌的血清型别以1／2a型为主。监测结果显示福建省市售生(冻)畜禽肉存在着不同程度的单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染，应加强畜、禽类屠宰、运输、加工过程的卫生管理和监测，提出预防单核细胞增生李斯特菌食物中毒和加强宣传教育的措施，减少食源性疾病的发生。

Abstract:Vibrio parahaemolyticus in retail shell oysters were investigated. From April 2003 to March 2004, 252 oysters in shell were collected monthly in Fuzhou and Xiamen of Fujian Province, (39% from restaurants; 50% from retail markets and 11% from wholesale seafood markets). The V. parahaemolyticus in oyster samples was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by the Vitek identification system and the most probable number (MPN) technique. The geometric mean V. parahaemolyticus density in retail shell oysters was 46 MPN/100 g, with 46% had V. parahaemolyticus densities below the detectable level of 30 MPN/100 g; only two samples from Xiamen were found to harbor V. parahaemolyticus densities exceeding 10 4 MPN/100 g. There was significant difference in the V. parahaemolyticus densities between the two regions, and the differences were also found among different sampling sites and seasons. Oysters from Xiamen had higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus than did oysters collected from Fuzhou. The highest mean V. parahaemolyticus density was observed in samples from wholesale seafood markests. The highest mean V. parahaemolyticus density was observed in samples collected in spring (93 MPN/100 g) while approximately 40 MPN/100 g was observed in samples collected in other seasons. These data can be used to estimate the exposure of raw oyster consumer to V. Parahaemolyticus.

Abstract:为了解我国人群食物过敏的现状，以便为转基因食品和致敏食物的监管提供科学依据，调查了中国医科大学4052名学生食物过敏的流行情况及其过敏症状。参考国际上经典的食物过敏诊断方法，以问卷、皮肤点刺试验作为初步诊断依据，对中国医科大学4052名学生(15～24岁)进行筛查，并对不同致敏食物与过敏症状进行聚类分析。调查收到有效答卷3974份，应答率为98．1％。自诉曾患食物过敏的学生有227例(约占5．7％)，其中76例(约占自诉曾患食物过敏的33．5％)皮肤点刺实验阳性，男女性之间无统计学差异。自诉对鱼和海鲜过敏者过敏症状相近，多为皮疹及皮肤瘙痒。贝类、牛奶、蛋过敏者过敏症状相似，主要为消化道症状。本次调查表明，在15～24岁年龄段健康人群中，约有6％的人曾患有食物过敏。致敏食物主要为水产品、牛奶和鸡蛋。过敏症状主要为皮疹及皮肤瘙痒和消化道症状。

Abstract:Salmonella is a well known food borne pathogen which can be transmitted from animal to human being, and is a major pathogen that causes food poisoning. It is one of the most important pathogen to be detected in exit entry food microbiologic tests. From February to September 2004, 262 lots of import aquatic products and 45 lots of import meat products were examined by the Microbiology Lab of Tianjin Exit Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. Identified with mini VIDAS and API 20E, Salmonella positive results from 3 lots(1 15%) of aquatic products (2 frozen panaeus from Indonesia, 1 frozen Nibea albiflora from India), and 1 lot (1 22%) of frozen turkey meat from USA. Then classified by serum resistance testing, the results were Salmonella senftenberg in frozen panaeus, Salmonella bareilly in Nibea albiflora and Salmonella montevideo in frozen turkey meat. We got the conclusion that these products may be caused enteric disease.

Abstract:为建立食品中转基因成分的定性定量分析，运用传统的定性PCR方法检测大豆加工产品中转基因成分的存在，运用Taqman探针技术，对存在的转基因成分进行准确定量。对于定量过程中由于扩增效率的不同造成的误差，通过大豆的内源基因Lectin进行校正，根据△Ct值对应于校正曲线计算出转基因大豆的含量。本方法灵敏度达到0．1％，误差范围小于30．0％。可用于转基因大豆的监测管理。

Abstract:Genetically modified (GM) tomatoes have been approved for commercialization in many countries since the first GM tomato FLAVR AVAR was permitted for planting in 1994. In China, GM tomato BIOSCIEN with a character of long shelf life was the first GM plant approved for commercialization in 1996. To meet the requirement of GM tomatoes labeling policy that has been actualized in China since 2001, the screening and construct specific PCR detection for detecting the universal elements transformed into tomato, such as Cauli flower mosaic virus 35 S(CaMV35S ) promoter and the nopaline synthase ( NOS ) terminator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens , and the specific inserted heterologous DNA sequence between CaMV35s promoter and anti sense ethylene forming enzyme (EFE ) gene were set up, respectively. To make the detection methods normative, a novel single copy tomato gene LAT52 was also used as an endogenous reference gene in the PCR detection systems. The limit of detection (LOD) of screening and construct specific detection for BIOSCIEN was 68 haploid genome copies in conventional qualitative PCR detection, and 3 copies in TaqMan real time PCR detection. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of screening quantitative PCR assay for BIOSCIEN was 3 copies and 25 copies for construct specific quantitative PCR. Two samples with known BIOSCIEN tomato contents were detected using the established conventional and real time PCR systems,and the results indicated that the established BIOSCIEN screening and construct specific PCR detection systems were reliable, sensitive, and accurate.

Abstract:According to the plasmid map of genetically modified soybean(Roundup Ready), three exogenous gene( CaMV35S promoter, NOS terminator, NOS/EPSPE gene) and one endogenous gene ( Lectin ) were selected as target genes to design and synthesize their primers. The probe was synthesized using the method of nick translation and labeled with DIG dUTP. Multiplex PCR was used to amplify the target sequence in soybean sample DNA, then the DNA chips were hybridized with PCR product, at last the chips displayed the hybridization result. The DNA chip for identifying genetically modified soybean was highly specific and reproducible and its sensitivity was 0 5%,meanwhile the detection efficiency was highly improved with the use of multiplex PCR. So genetically modified soybean could be detected and identified rapidly and correctly.

Abstract:Regulation elements which are normally used in transgenic organisms such as CaMV35S promoter and NOS terminator have potential risk for human health due to their functions. The degradation of non target genes in the RR soybean during the manufacturing process of tofu, soymilk and soybean flour milling, cooking, blending, homogenizing, sterilizing and spray drying was investigated using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction detection system. The system used specific amplification of RR soybean promoter 35S gene and terminator NOS gene. The results showed that the degradation of CaMV35S was more related to its location than to the food processing. The fragment which included soybean genome DNA sequence was more stable than that without soybean genome DNA sequence, but the terminator NOS gene was hardly degraded during each step of the manufacturing process of RR soybean products.

Abstract:为分析转基因水稻外源基因拷贝数，利用新型、灵敏、高通量的实时荧光定量PCR方法进行转基因水稻外源基因拷贝数的分析。转基因外源基因的拷贝数通过转基因水稻外源基因(GUS和HPT基因)和水稻内标准SPS基因含量的比较计算获得。定量分析了14株T0代的转基因水稻植株，得到了外源基因插入分别为1、2、3和4的转基因植株，同时利用Southern Blot方法进行验证分析。随机选择18个已经过定量PCR检测分析的转基因水稻植株，用Southern Blot的方法分析转基因水稻植株中的HPT或GUS基因的拷贝数，Southern Blot分析结果显示有15个转基因水稻植株的分析结果与定量PCR分析的结果是一致的，3个植株定量PCR分析的转基因拷贝数稍高于Southern Blot的分析结果，主要原因是Southern Blot方法在同一个插入位点有多拷贝的T-DNA片段插入时，转基因植株的基因组在完全酶切时会产生相似的DNA片段，电泳分析时很难分辨清楚。定量PCR方法则完全避免了这种情况的发生，除非目的基因DNA片段在PCR引物处发生断裂。两种方法分析结果的比较显示定量PCR方法分析转基因拷贝数更加有效、适用。

Abstract:为监测粮食中的串珠镰刀菌污染，根据rDNA18S、5．8S、28S及其间区ITS和ITS2序列，设计了1对镰刀菌属特异性引物Fu3／Fu4及2对串珠镰刀菌种特异性引物Fu5／Fu4(Ⅰ型ITS2特异性)和Fu3／Fu2(Ⅱ型ITS2特异性)，建立了串珠镰刀菌PCR及复合PCR检测方法。Fu3／Fu4、Fu3/Fu2和FuS／Fu4分剐扩增516bp、375bp和188bp的DNA片段。Fu3／Fu4 PCR的检出灵敏度为10pg，FuS／Fu4为100pg，复合PCR(Fu3、Fu5和Fu4)的检出限为100pg，分别相当于每次反应检出10^3、10^4和10^4个孢子。复合PCR可以同时鉴别镰刀菌属和串珠镰刀菌种。检测了32株从山东、浙江、安徽和河南4省区分离的串珠镰刀菌及交孢镰刀菌，26株为Ⅰ型ITS2特异性，4株为Ⅱ型ITS2特异性，两株待定。该方法可用于大量快速筛选串珠镰刀菌，有利于进一步开展串珠镰刀茵在我国的生态分布、生物地域学及系统发育学等方面的研究。该方法快速、敏感、特异，适宜粮食中串珠镰刀菌污染的监测。

Abstract:为建立快速检测四环素族抗生素残留的方法，采用大量接种快速培养方法，制备出适宜检测用的发光菌检测液，建立了发光细菌检测四环素族抗生素体系。结果表明，在该检测体系条件下，明亮发光杆菌与金霉素、土霉素和四环素的抑制效应作用呈良好的线性关系，菌液与抗生素的作用最佳体积配比为1：3，相互作用的适宜时间为60～80min。该体系对四环素族抗生素的检测灵敏度可达0．00625μg/ml，比传统的杯碟法高5倍，具有快速、简便的特点，可作为食品中抗生素残留的一种快速、灵敏的筛选检测方法。

Abstract:为建立测定痕量砷形态的方法,研究了纳米二氧化钛对As3+和As5+的预富集作用以及银盐光度法检测痕量As3+和As5+.在很大的pH值范围内,纳米二氧化钛对As3+和As5+的吸附率均能达到99%以上,吸附后的砷可不经洗脱而直接检测.工作曲线线性范围为0～200μg/L,检出限(As3+)可达1.44μg/L,RSD＜4.8%,将此方法应用于牡蛎标准物质的检测,结果满意.

Abstract:为了解大骨节病重病区唐乃亥乡上鹿圈村、下鹿圈村病户主食中T 2毒素的污染状况 ,在两村分别选择病户 19名 ,每户收集小麦及面粉样品各 1份 ,用ELISA法检测样品中T 2毒素的含量。上鹿圈村面粉、小麦中T 2毒素阳性率均为 89 5 % (17 19) ,平均含量分别为 70 7μg kg(8～2 0 1μg kg)、2 37 1μg kg(5～ 5 43μg kg) ;下鹿圈村面粉、小麦中T 2毒素阳性率均为 6 8 4 % (13 19) ,平均含量分别为 13 0 μg kg(9～ 197μg kg)、4 0 0 μg kg(19～ 333μg kg)。其中 2个采样点T 2毒素的阳性率和含量差异均存在显著性 ,2种样品T 2毒素的含量差异也存在显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。小麦中T 2毒素的污染情况比面粉严重 ,上鹿圈村主食中T 2毒素的污染情况比下鹿圈村严重 ,具体原因有待进一步研究。

Abstract:为建立同时测定葡萄酒中多种防霉剂(多菌灵、噻菌灵、苯菌灵、敌菌灵、腐霉利、联苯)的快速检测方法，采用固相萃取前处理、紫外荧光双检测器技术，高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中6种防霉剂的残留量。葡萄酒中6种防霉剂3个水平的添加回收率(n=7)分别为多菌灵78％～97％、苯菌灵78％～109％、敌菌灵79％～103％、腐霉利84％～100％、联苯78％～101％、噻菌灵78％～96％；6种防霉剂的相对标准偏差(RDS)分别为多菌灵2．3％～5．2％、苯菌灵1．7％～8．1％、敌菌灵1．0％～8、2％、腐霉利3．1％～5．3％、联苯3．9％～6、1％、噻菌灵4．5％～8．1％；6种防霉剂工作曲线的相关系数r值均大于0．994，样品中6种防霉剂的最低检出浓度(s／n=3)分别为多菌灵10μg/L、苯菌灵50μg/L、敌菌灵50μg/L、腐霉利50μg/L、联苯5μg/L、噻菌灵2μg/L。该方法适合葡萄酒中防霉剂残留量的检测。

Abstract:Moulds have been a long standing hazardous problem in food industry because it produces harmful mycotoxins. How to control moulds in the processing of tea has been a difficult technical problem for a long time. This work studied the mould preventing effect of microwave treatment on tea products and their controlling conditions. It was shown that the microwave sterilizing treatment grew more effective with the increased moisture of the tea. And the effect is also related to the quantity of tea treated, the material of container and the diffusion of water. An 800?W microwave oven killed all the moulds in 250?g tea within 135 seconds and in 250?g fresh or fermented tea within 120 seconds. Conversely, slight microwave heating augmented the growth of moulds in tea. A microwave treatment over 150 seconds harmed the quality of the tea. It was concluded that microwave treatment in the preliminary processing of tea can effectively control the growth of moulds, and at the same time dry the products. The conditions in which moulds are under control in the processing of tea with microwave are also discussed here.

Abstract:The clenbuterol quick measure card, HPLC and GC MS method were used respectively to determine clenbuterol in samples of pork lung and pork lung soup from a case of food poisoning. The results of determination were positive on the quick measure card. Confirmed by spectrometry, the results by HPLC were also positive in pork lung soup and pork lung with contents 0 65?mg/kg and 0 59?mg/kg respectively, and GC MS method proved positive results as well. Each of the three methods has its specificity, and should be selected for different demands of testing clenbuterol in food poisoning samples. It also shows that we should strengthen the research on the methods of analytical examination in public health emergencies.