Abstract:Since 1961, two cases of Enterobacter sakazakii meningitis in neonates were reported in the United Kingdom, more outbreaks of Enterobacter sakazakii meningitis in neonates were frequently reported from various countries worldwide. The relative contribution of powdered infant formula sources to the burden of E. sakazakii disease was considered. At the 35th Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, the United States and Canada updated the Risk Profile of Enterobacter sakazakii in Powdered Infant Formula in 2003. In 2004, the 36th Codex Committee on Food Hygiene agreed and set a working group, lead by Canada, with assistance of other countries to proceed with the revision of the International Code of Hygienic Practice for Foods for Infants and Children and to develop the microbiological criteria on E. sakazakii and other relevant microorganisms. The Committee agreed to proceed with this work as quickly as possible.

Abstract:To improve safety management level of food establishment and ensure quality of food the study establish HACCP systems in 15 foods of 6 kinds of species which including meat products, diary, chicken slaughter, aquatic products, fruit and vegetable juice and sauce flavoring. One general and six special guidelines of HACCP were brought forward based on the HACCP system of food establishment. A general evaluate guideline which is a judgment of HACCP was draft based on the study. All of the guideline and evaluate guideline which are similar to international theories are fulfilled national establishment and national foods.

Abstract:为了解湖北省食品中有机氯农药六六六和DDT残留情况，对2000年湖北省总膳食中的单个食品进行了分析及溯源，发现鳊鱼HCH(六六六)残留量为555．88μg／kg，其中γ-HCH占HCH异构体构成比例的98．29％；鸭蛋中DDT残留量为541．78μg／kg，以pp′-DDE为主要存在形式。鳊鱼中HCH和鸭蛋中DDT的残留量均超过新提出的食物中HCH和DDT允许限量修订标准。此溯源结果提示违规使用林丹的现象依然存在。

Abstract:为了解北京市蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染情况 ,于 2 0 0 3年 4月～ 8月从北京 15个菜市场采集应季蔬菜样品 ,共 4 0个品种 4 44份样品 ,用国标法 (GB T 5 0 0 9 33— 2 0 0 3)分析蔬菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。结果显示 :检测样品中 ,污染程度严重的占 33 1% ;中、重度污染的占2 3 6 % ;轻度的占 4 3 2 % ;硝酸盐的含量依次为绿叶菜类 >白菜类 >根茎类 >瓜茄类 >葱蒜类 >豆类 >果类 >水生植物类 ,但同一类蔬菜不同品种的硝酸盐的含量差别较大 ,从几倍到几十倍 ;同一品种的蔬菜中硝酸盐含量差别也很大 ,可能与产地、生长条件不同有关。蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量相对较低 ,其含量与蔬菜的新鲜程度有关。研究结果提示需要制定限量标准 ,加强监督管理

Abstract:The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.

Abstract:A study was conducted in rats to observe the subchronic toxicity of ethanol extract of Semen Cassiae. 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (i.e. the negative control group and five treatment groups), and each group consisted of 10 males and 10 females. The animals were given the extract mixed into the fodder of the concentration of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 g crude herbal medicine/kg BW for 90 days. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Semen Cassiae increased the ratio of kidney/body weight and liver/body weight, made pigment sediment in kidney, colon, rectum, mesenteric lymph nodes and testicle, and reactive hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes. In 15 0 g/kg BW and above dose groups, The increases of spleen/body weight ratio and the number of WBC, and superficially catarrh in colon were found. In the 25 0 g/kg BW and higher groups, the body weight increased slowly, the food efficiency declined and the testicle shrinked. The target organ were kidney, colon, rectum, mesenteric lymph nodes and testicle. The results indicated that the observed adverse effect level of Semen Cassiae ethanol extract was 5 0 g crude herbal medicine/kg BW, and ADI is less than 3 0 g/kg if deduced from rats to human, according to 100 times safety coefficient .This ADI was far below the 9 0 g of suggested dose agreed by codex. When the Semen Cassiae, was used as a component of health food, the dose and term of taking Semen Cassiae should be restricted due to its safety risk ,and it may be irrational to list Semen Cassiae on the materials of health food.

Abstract:In order to explore the effect of specific Chinese traditional medicine on milk secretion, decoction of a compound prescription containing angelica, ligustici, paeoniae alba, prepared rhizome of rehmannia and silkie was given to lactating women and mice. In the animal experiment, the lactating mice were given the decoction of different concentration by gavage, and the daily milk secretion, the cumulative milk secretion and the body weight of their offspring were observed. In the human test, 100 mothers with insufficient milk secretion were selected and divided into two groups. One group received the traditional medicine and the other received placebo. The amount of milk secretion, the degree of breast swelling and the protein content in milk secretion in lactating mice, and the body weight of their offsprong was also increased. In human test, the amount of milk secretion and the degree of breast swelling of the lactating mothers were increased, with the protein level of milk not affected. So it can be concluded that the decoction composed of the above traditional medicines can help to increase the milk secretion both in animal and in human.

Abstract:To look into the effects of HACCP system implementing in corporations producing nutritional lunch for students in Beijing, the investigation was carried out in twenty such corporations in Chaoyang District from Sep 2003 to Jan. 2004. The results showed that the rate of right answer to questions on HACCP in staffs was 70.8%. The hazard analysis was incorrectly conducted and CCP inexactly determined in 10% corporations. The critical limits were erroneously established in 15% corporations and systems established to monitor the control of CCP were problematic in 20% corporations. The results also showed that actions to correct errors were not validly implemented in 20% corporations, verification procedures were not perfect or well implemented in 25% corporations and documentation concerning all procedures and records relevant to the HACCP principles and their application were not perfect in 30% corporations. It was concluded that the present situation of HACCP management can not ensure the hygiene and safety of the nutritional lunch for students. In order to make HACCP systems run effectively, the following measures should be taken: intensifying the training of managers and workers, reinforcing health inspection and management and constantly monitoring and resolving problems encountered in the running of HACCP system.

Abstract:目的　研究强化赖氨酸面粉对农村人群营养及免疫功能的影响。方法　选择 88户家庭(家庭中夫妻年龄在 2 5～ 4 5岁 ,并有 1名年龄范围在 5～ 12岁的儿童 )为研究对象 ,以家庭为单位 ,按照随机原则 ,用双盲法将调查对象分为实验组 (强化赖氨酸面粉组 )和对照组 (食用普通面粉组 ) ,在研究期间观察各组膳食摄入和体格状况 ,检验血液营养生化指标和免疫指标 ,用SAS6 12软件对资料进行分析。结果　实验组及对照组成年男女实验前后身高、体重、BMI、上臂围及三头肌皮褶无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;儿童的BMI、上臂围及三头肌皮褶亦无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;但实验后实验组儿童的身高及体重明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,营养生化指标和免疫指标检测表明 ,实验前后所有调查对象的血红蛋白、血清白蛋白及转铁蛋白均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但实验后实验组成年男女的血清白蛋白前体均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。实验组成年女性及儿童的T细胞总数 (CD3)均明显高于对照组 ;实验组成年男性IgG及补体C3、成年女性的IgM、儿童的IgG、IgM、IgA及补体C3均明显高于对照组。结论　赖氨酸强化面粉可以改善以面粉为主食的儿童营养状况和农村贫困人群的免疫机能

Abstract:目的　研究灵芝孢子粉的抗辐射功能。方法　以 0 2 5、0 5 0、1 5 0g kgBW 的灵芝孢子粉混悬液连续灌胃小鼠 6 0d ,在第 30天以 8 2Gy60 Coγ -射线照射小鼠 ,观察小鼠的白细胞总数、30d存活率、平均存活时间。结果　灵芝孢子粉能使辐照后小鼠 30d存活率明显增高 ,平均存活时间延长 ,白细胞总数明显增加。结论　灵芝孢子粉具有抗辐射损伤的作用。

Abstract:To evaluate an oral liquor claimed to have benefit to iron deficiency anaemia patients,rats were fed with iron\|deficient diet with or without the liquor and their hematological indexes were examined.The body weight,Hb,Fe,Fe\|protein,HCT,MCV,MCH and MCHC in rats of every experimental group increased significantly as compared with the control group ( P<0\^05,P<0 01 ).The level of FEP in rats of experimental groups was lower than those of the control group ( P<0\^05,P<0\^01) .It is concluded that the liquor (wuji yangxue koufuye) has the effect of alleviating the anaemia caused by iron deficiency.

Abstract:目的　了解人工培育的蛹虫草菌丝体降血脂效果。方法以 12 5 0、2 5 0 0、5 0 0 0mg kgBW剂量的蛹虫草菌丝体粉连续给大鼠灌胃 2 8d ,并于第 15天及第 2 9天采血测定TC、TG及HDL -C含量。结果　受试样品组大鼠血清的TC、TG含量低于模型对照组 ,而其HDL -C含量高于模型对照组。结论　蛹虫草菌丝体具有降低血脂作用

Abstract:为改进食品中钒的测定方法 ,以干法和湿法相结合消解样品 ,石墨炉原子吸收测定保健食品中钒。钒浓度在 0～ 12 5 μg L范围内符合比尔定律 ,相关系数r =0 9998,特征浓度为 3 4 μg L ,方法的回收率为 93 2 %～ 10 0 9% ,相对标准偏差为 2 6 %～ 3 9%。方法简便、重现性好

Abstract:In order to prevent and control the breakout and epidemic of diarrhea caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (AH),feces samples from 567 scattered diarrhea patients and an outbreak of collective food poisoning were investigated. Fifty one strains of AH were detected,with 18 strains harboring aerolysin gene. Epidemiological analysis of data reported in recent years revealed a tendency of increasing number of AH infection.It is reconmended that more effort should be made to investigate and monitor the AH infection.

Abstract:To guarantee the safe use of chlorine dioxide in food processing, the authers investigated and dealt with an illegal case that the disinfectant chlorine dioxide was added in directly edible foods as aseptic. A comparison of using chlorine dioxide as disinfectant and as aseptic was made, and some advices about the supervision was put forward.

Abstract:To evaluate the efficacy of a new model of foodstuff health supervision management,the graded management of foodstuff production was applied in plants of sausage production by the Zhonshan Institute of Health Inspection. The way to standard analysis and the way to implement the new model,the basic procedure and the standard of grading and scoring were evaluated. Observation of more than 90 sausage producing factories for two years revealed that after implementing the new model,the supervision time reduced 134 hours each year. The eligible rate of sanitarian layout and manufacture procedure increased by 14 04%. The relative rate of the sanitarian facilities and the rate of sanitarian manufacture designs increased by 19 85% and 20% respectively, which made the sanitation operation and test of the products stabilized and enhanced in the sanitation quality system of the corporations. On the other hand,the action of permission were more equitable. The validation in meeting the national criteria increased by 9 68%,reaching over 95%. All these have made the corporations improved their jural consciousness and promoted their awareness of self discipline. The cooperation of the government,corporations and consumers,and the interaction among them are the basis of the food safety system.

Abstract:In order to improve the hygienic quality of the locally produced pastries,557 samples of pastries were collected and assayed from pastry producers and retailers in this district from 1999 through 2002. The results showed that 82 05% of the samples were considered as qualified,and only 62 70% of the pastries processed by cold procedure were considered qualified. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 15 samples. Considering the current situation that most food producers in this district are still using traditional manual operations which cannot ensure the desirable hygienic condition,it is proposed that efforts should be made to modernize the techniques and reinforce the hygienic consciousness and self discipline of the pastry producers.

Abstract:In order to standardize the technical appraisal of an accident of food poisoning and to settle the dispute justly between the parties concerned, it is proposed to form a highly practical and operable decree to regulate the appraisal of food poisoning and settle any related problems.

Abstract:2 0 0 3年 6月 2 2日 ,某建筑公司工地食堂发生一起误食桐油引起的 2 8人群发性急性胃肠炎 ,经治疗痊愈 ,无致残或死亡。病人以胃肠道刺激症状为主 ,其中恶心 (85 7% )、呕吐 (10 0 0 % )、腹痛 (6 0 7% )、腹泻 (5 0 0 % )和头晕 (6 7 9% )。潜伏期 1～ 3 17h ,中位数为 2 12h ,男性 2 6人 ,女性 2人 ;年龄 16～ 6 2岁 ,平均 35 6 8± 10 95岁。经调查 ,中毒食物为午餐的 2个炒菜 ,误食桐油量为 2 6 8g 人 ,油桐酸暴露量为 2 4 12g 人。

Abstract:Chromosomally mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium is generally attributed to the overexpression of the acrAB locus and the mutation in topoisomerase genes. The acrAB locus encode the efflux pump AcrAB,which confers multidrug tolerance,controlled by the regulon marRAB. Mutation in the gyrase and topoisomerase IV lead to fluoroquinolones resistance, mainly arise in gyrA and parC genes.