Abstract:为了充分利用河资源 ,开展了河安全利用课题研究。利用高效液相色谱法和竞争抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)方法对安全利用过程中的河毒素进行检测 ,同时引入危害分析和关键控制点 (HACCP)系统 ,对河食品从原料生产到成品的各环节进行危害分析 ,确定关键控制点。制订了原料接收、活鱼暂养、加工去毒、河制作、以及环境卫生的控制标准和措施。结果表明 ,河的分布具有地域差异性。河体内毒素分布很不均匀 ,主要集中在肝、卵巢、皮肤等部位 ,而且季节性变化明显 ,个体差异显著。运用该研究成果自 1995年至 2 0 0 2年进行人体试食试验以来 ,未发现一例中毒症状和体征 ,各项试验证明 ,经去毒工艺处理的河是安全的 ,经食用后不会引起河毒素中毒。这对于保证河资源的安全利用有着重大的意义。

Abstract:Risk assessment is the key component of risk analysis together with risk management and risk communication. FAO/WHO encourages member states to used risk assessment as the basis of their national food standard development, in order to harmonize national standards and avoid trade dispute. Risk assessment is comprised of hazard identification, hazard characterization, intake assessment and risk characterization. The major outcome of risk assessment of chemical hazards is the development of tolerable intake levels, such as, Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), etc. These outcomes could be applied to all populations in different geographical areas in the world. On the other hand, the outcome of intake assessment could not be applied universally, so each country should conduct intake assessment in the development of national standards. For carcinogens without threshold, the outcome of risk assessment is presented as potency and population risk. Recently, microbial risk assessment (RMRA) is being conducted internationally, i.e. to study the dose-response relationship in food borne disease and estimate the amount of microorganisms that could cause 50% of the consumers developing disease. In China, risk assessment is being used routinely in food safety standard development, especially in standards related to chemical contaminants. However, further improvements are needed as compared with the risk assessment practice in the developed countries.

Abstract:为了充分利用河Tun资源，开展了河Tun安全利用课题研究。利用高效液相色谱法和竞争抑制性酶联性免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法对安全利用过程中的河Tun毒素进行检测，同时引入危害分析和关键控制点（HACCP）系统，对河Tun食品从原料生产到成品的各环节进行危害分析，确定关键控制点，制订了原料接收，活鱼暂养，加工去毒，河Tun制作，以及环境卫生的控制标准和措施，结果表明，河Tun的分布具有地域差异性，河Tun体内毒素分布很不均匀，主要集中在肝，卵巢，皮肤等部,生变化明显，个体差异显著，运用该研究成果自1995年至2002年进行人体试食试验以来，未发现一例中毒症状和体征，各项试验证明，经去毒工艺处理的河Tun是安全的，经食用后不会引起河Tun毒素中毒，这对于保证河Tun资源的安全利用有着重大的意义。

Abstract:依据中华人民共和国卫生部《转基因食品卫生管理办法》的有关规定，对转抗菌肽基因辣椒食用安全性和营养质量进行评价，探讨建立相关的模式和方法，为我国转基因食的卫生管理提供可资借鉴的模型和方法，以转抗菌肽基因辣椒及其对应的受体辣椒为材料，通过对其外源基因及其表达产物，主要营养成分的检测，鉴定转基因食品的特性，基因重组体的遗传稳定性，外源基因的表达忠实性，与受体辣椒的实质等同性，分析和评价其食用安全性和营养质量，抗菌肽基因辣椒其受体，外源基因供体均为传统食品，其基因重组体的主要特性的遗传是稳定的，其外源目的基因的表达是忠实的，其食安全性和营养质量不低于对应的原有食品。

Abstract:为监测食品中的克伦特罗残留，采用气质联机法测定动物性食品及生物材料中的克伦特罗残留。试样用高氯酸提取，经超声加热后，用异丙醇＋乙酸乙酯（40＋60）萃取，萃取液以弱阳离子交换柱分离富集，用乙醇＋浓氨水（98＋2）溶液洗脱并浓缩，经N，O－双三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺（BSTFA）衍生，选择离子监测敢相色谱质测定，以美托洛尔（metoprolol)为内标，内标法定，用猪肝和鸡肉为本底做了不同水平的回收实验，回收率在49．6％－82．4％之间和51．6％－88．4％之间，相对标准偏差（RSD）在13．8％－17．6％之间，方法的定量限（LOQ）为0．5μg/kg，通过实验室协同性实验对动物肝脏，肌肉，尿液，人体尿液和血液进行测定，结果良好，本方法灵敏度高，特异性强，测定结果准确可靠，可用于动物性食品及生物材料中克伦特罗残留的确诊检测。

Abstract:为研究促进排铅功能动物实验适宜模型条件，利用三水醋酸铅作为造模质量，使用清洁级昆明种健康小鼠209例，其中雄性小鼠179只，雌性30只，饮水（164mgPb^2 /L,546mgPb^2 /L,1638mgPb^2 /L)或饲料喂饲（224 mg/kg、728mg/kg、2240mg/kg）给阳小鼠染毒，分别观察10d和20d后测定肝，脑，股骨和血中的铅含量。观察小性别，染毒, 染毒方式，染毒剂量，造模时间对促进排铅功能小鼠模型建立的影响，结果表明小鼠性别对铅负荷小鼠模型无影响。（164mgPb^2 /L、546mgPb^2 /L、1638mgPb^2 /L三水醋酸铅水溶液饮水和224mg/kg、728mg/kg、2240mg/kg三水醋酸铅饲料喂饲，均可建立稳定的铅负荷小鼠模型。546mgPb^2 /L三水醋酸铅水溶液饮水染毒10d即可达到小鼠模型成立 的，该方法可以作为建立铅负荷小鼠模型的方法。

Abstract:为保证我国居民不受砷污染危害健康，研究了食品中无机砷的限量卫生标准，以总无机砷计（mg/kg)，粮食：大米0．20、面粉0．10、杂粮0．20、蔬菜0．050、水果0．050、畜禽肉0．050、蛋类0．050、奶粉0．30、鲜奶0．05、豆类0．10、酒类0．050、淡水鱼（肌肉部分，鲜重计）0．10、海水鱼（肌肉部分，鲜重计）0．10、藻类（干重计）1．50、贝类及甲壳类（可食部，鲜重计）0．50、贝类及甲壳类（可食部，干重计）1．0、其他海产食品（可食部分，鲜重计）0．50），我国一般人群每人每日从膳食中摄入无机砷为75．45－100．66μg，不超这WHO建议的安全摄入量129μg。

Abstract:To establish the parameters for the effect of health foods on climacteric syndrome, a health food was administered by oral to ovariectomized, old non-reproductive and young mice for 30 days. Hormone and sexual organ changes were examined. The results showed that the health food at high dose enhanced significantly serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) level, uterus weight and water uptake, and vigina expressed keratogenous changes,in its epitheium. Old non-reproductive mice were most sensitive. The results suggested that serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) concentration, uterus weight and water uptake and vagina changes in old non-reproductive mice may be proposed as the evaluation parameters for the effect of health foods to improve climacteric syndrome.

Abstract:为了快速、简便、灵敏地测定牛奶中的氯霉素残留，建立了高效液相色谱分析法，牛奶样品先用含1％高氯酸的乙酸乙酯沉淀蛋白质和提取氯霉素，提取液浓缩干后用0.5mol/L高氯酸溶液溶解，以正己烷去除脂溶性杂质，在波长278nm处用高效液相色谱仪测定氯霉素，本方法最低检出浓度为1．1μg/kg，氯霉素浓度在20μg/kg－100μg/kg范围内，方法平均回收率为88．0％－97．7％，RSD为5．3％－6．4％，本方法适于牛奶中氯霉素残留的监测。

Abstract:为快速检测蔬菜上的农药残留，建立了两种快速检测方法，速测卡法和酶抑制率法，速测卡法和酶抑制率法对农药的检出限，根据农药的不同而有所不同，速测卡法的检出限一般在0．3－3.5mg/kg，酶抑制率法一般在0．05－5．0mg/kg，速测卡法的检出时间为15min，酶抑制率法的检出时间为30min，两种方法可用于现场检测，操作简单，速度快，测试成本低廉，对超对我国国家标准允许留限量或违禁使用的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的有效检出率可80%上，两种方法适合我国蔬菜中部分农药残留量的监督检测。

Abstract:In order to count lactic acid bacteria in living lactic acid bacteria products accurately, we substituted the aerobic culture method adopted in present national standard in China with CO 2 method ( removing oxygen from an airtight container by burning of candle). In bacterial strain comparison experiments, the counting result of lactic acid bacteria by CO 2 method was 8 times more than that by aerobic culture method. In sample comparison experiments, the counting result of lactic acid bacteria by CO 2 method was 20 times more than that by aerobic culture method. The result suggested that the CO 2 method better than aerobic culture method with its simplicity, rapidity and accuracy.

Abstract:The qualitative and quantitative analysis and drug resistance test for Listeria Monocytogenes in 155 samples of raw meat, meat products and sea foods from Quanzhou market were carried out in the period from Dec. 2000 to Dec. 2001 in an attempt to find out the food contamination status by Listeria Monocytogenes in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. The overall positive detection rate for Listeria was 35.8% ( raw meat 68.12%, sea foods 12.5% and processed meat products 6.52%) and for Listeria Monocytogenes was 3.87% (raw meat 8.7% and not detected in sea foods and processed meat products). Six strains of Listeria Monocytogenes were highly sensitive to ampicillin, cefoxintin, ofloxacin. penicillin G, tetracycline and vacomycin; moderate sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to nitrofurantoin. It is recommended that the relevant authorities develop appropriate control measures promptly to strengthen monitoring and prevent the outbreak of food poisoning caused by Listeria Monocytogenes.

Abstract:An analysis on the functions and requirements of health inspectors during important activities was carried out in attempt to clarify the legal status and responsibilities of health inspectors. It is concluded that the relationship and responsibilities between food inspectors and food handlers must be clearly distinguished and the administrative orders by the higher authority must be based on legal provisions and objective disciplines. Any inappropriate actions would hold back the self-control of food handlers and result in disadvantageous status for health administrative agencies.

Abstract:为进一步做好毒蕈食物中毒的预防工作，对云南省1985年－2000年毒蕈引直的食中毒情况进行了分析，16年间全省共发生毒蕈食物中毒378起，中毒2330人，死亡326人，病死率13．90％，年均死亡20．4人，毒蕈食物中毒常年均有发生，夏秋季为多，一家一户零星发生居首，农村发病率明显高于城市，其中中毒占同期全部物中毒起数，发病人数，死亡人数的25．37％、4．38％和52．16％，误食有毒牛肝蕈引起的中毒占6．88％，未能鉴定毒蕈种类的蕈引起的中毒占85．71％。根据16年毒蕈引起的食品中毒分析，我们认为应尽快研究出简易，可行的化学检验方法。对生产经营食用蕈的宾馆，饭店，企业推荐可食种类，食用蕈的专业生产，经营单位宜聘专业蕈类鉴定人员。

Abstract:为掌握珠海口岸进出口食品的微生物污染情况，对珠海口岸2000年至2001年期间进出口食品的微生物检验结果进行了分析，共检验进出口食品7513批，其中出口食品3621批，检出不合格食品105批（2．9％），不合格食品主要为奶粉，冻禽肉，鱿鱼片，加工蔬菜和生抽酱油等。不便格原因主要是大肠菌群超标，其次为细菌总数，沙门氏菌和李斯特氏菌超标，共检测进口食品3892批，检出不合格食品43批（1．1％），不合格食品主要为保健食品，冷冻水产品和薯片类食品。不合格原因主要为大肠菌群，细菌总数和沙门氏菌超标，总结在食品具有一定的代表性，为我国的进出口食品的微生物检验重点提供了依据。

Abstract:The outbreaks of food poisoning by clenbuterol hydrochloride residue occurred in Guangzhou were analysed. In 2001, 17 events occurred with 106 people poisoned. It was the most frequent (89.4%) food poisoning by chemicals in Guangzhou in 2001. In the 17 events, one occurred in mess hall with 45 people poisoned. Others occurred in families. The morbidity rate was 98% with no death .The result indicated that the meat market should be strictly supervised.

Abstract:Fifty food additive factories approved to produce food additives by health department of Liaoning province were inspected for insurance of food additive safety. The health authority instructed the factories with productive condition not up to the national standard to do well in a limited time. The inspection results showed that 5 factories (10%) passed ISO9000, 43 factories basically met the requirement,3 factories did not meet the requirement, 4 factories had stopped production.Sixty-seven samples from 5 factories were tested.98% of them were up to the national food additive standard. The aspects that did not meet the requirement mainly were workshop, technological process, sanitary equipments, raw materials and final product storeroom, sanitary regulation, production beyond the approved range, environment both inside and outside the production site and the product labeling. After inspection, all factories that did not meet the requirement corrected their mistakes.98% leading cadres of the factories were trained in food hygiene knowledge.

Abstract:The issue of food contamination by hormone and antibiotic residues has aroused great attention by both the governments and consumers worldwide. Following the summary of the causes, mechanisms and health hazards occurred by food contamination of hormone and antibiotic residues, the article focuses on the comparison of the regulations and residue limit standards among Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union, the United States and China, in an effort to follow up the global development in this area. Some recommendations and suggestions on how to strengthen the control of veterinary drug contamination in food are made and appeals for improvement of residue standards and analysis methods are put forward at the end.