摘要
血小板过度活化是糖尿病并发动脉粥样硬化(AS)的重要机制之一,膳食营养素干预对早期防治糖尿病合并AS发挥重要作用。经研究指出番茄提取物中的抗血小板因子可在不同环境下抑制血小板聚集和活化,其生物有效成分为核苷及其衍生物和酚类化合物,可延缓糖尿病合并AS的病理进展。本综述旨在探讨番茄提取物的抗血小板作用的机制,为防治糖尿病合并AS提供理论依据。
动脉粥样硬化 (Atherosclerosis,AS)是指动脉内纤维和脂肪的沉积,即形成斑块,是一种多危险因素导致的慢性炎症性大动脉疾病,最终导致血管壁增厚、动脉弹性下降、管腔狭窄,严重影响人类健
RAZAK
血小板活化是糖尿病与心血管疾病伴发的共同病理基础,血小板计数(Platelet count, PLT)、血小板平均体积(Mean platelet volume, MPV)和血小板分布宽度(Platelet distribution width, PDW)是血小板活化的常用指标,是评估糖尿病患者心血管风险的有效指
目前的抗血小板治疗主要为血栓素A2(Thromboxane A2,TXA2)抑制剂阿司匹林和P2Y12受体拮抗剂,包括噻吩吡啶(氯吡格雷、普拉格雷)和非噻吩吡啶类(替格瑞洛)以及糖蛋白(Glycoprotein,GP)lI b/Ⅲa受体抑制剂(阿西单抗和替罗非班)。阿司匹林是重要的治疗和预防心血管疾病的药物,对心血管疾病如卒中和心肌梗死的二级预防(对于已患心血管疾病的人群的干预)作用已得到确认,但由于患者会出现阿司匹林抵抗以及其本身的不良反应,因此人们寻找具有明显血小板抑制性的天然化合
作为“世界十大优质食物”之一的番茄是全世界人民日常食用的蔬菜,在中国及世界各国都有多年食用历史,番茄有多种成分,包括水溶性维生素、维生素K、α-生育酚、矿物质、类黄酮和番茄红素,以及其他几种类胡萝卜素
CONCHA-MEYER
一般情况下,内皮通过释放前列环素(Prostacylin, PGI2)和一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)来维持血管张力和血管壁内环境稳定。PGI2是内皮环氧化酶2(Cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)的主要产物,能够抑制血小板聚集并扩张血管,防止血管平滑肌细胞增殖;血栓素A2(Thromboxane A2,TXA2)是内皮环氧化酶1(Cyclooxygenase-1, COX-1)的主要产物,使血小板聚集、血管收缩和促进平滑肌细胞增殖,PGI2可抑制TXA2的生成;在生理条件下,两种内皮环氧化酶(Cyclooxygenase, COX)产物保持平
阿司匹林的不良反应主要为不可逆的抑制血小板聚集,影响正常的凝血功能,从而增加出血性卒中和胃肠道出血的风险。O’KENNEDY
据报道,中等强度运动可以抑制血小板功能,而剧烈运动会加剧血小板聚集与活化,其原因在于剧烈运动导致的血小板的聚集和活化造成血液的高凝状态,并且在运动后可持续48
血小板过度活化是糖尿病与AS形成的共有病理基础,为糖尿病合并AS的人群寻找安全、可逆的抗血小板抑制剂对于维持血管内环境稳定非常重要。番茄提取物可降低心血管疾病的风险,其有效成为核苷及其衍生物,以及酚类化合物,可解决ADP、胶原、花生四烯酸和凝血酶介导的血小板聚集与活化,并且在不同环境中发挥抗血小板作用。综上所述,番茄提取物具有抗血小板作用,且不影响凝血功能,但其使用方式、有效成分作用机制有待进一步探讨,为番茄提取物应用于糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的防治提供新的临床依据。
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