Objective To evaluate the health impacts of Nivalenol （NIV）.Methods By conducting literature retrieval， deduplication， screening， and organization through literature databases and professional institutional websites both domestically and internationally， the hazards of NIV was assessed based on toxicological information extracted from the ultimately selected literature.Results High-dose oral exposure to NIV commonly resulted in vomiting as the predominant symptom. Subchronic and chronic toxicity studies demonstrated that exposure to NIV primarily induces leukopenia， posing hazards to the immune， hematopoietic systems， and growth and development. Additionally， NIV exhibited combined toxicity with deoxynivalenol.Conclusion Long-term exposure to NIV at high doses may induce immunotoxicity and reproductive developmental toxicity in the organism， as well as sensitive toxic effects such as reduced white blood cell count.