Objective To understand the situation of Gardenia consumption in Chinese residents and to assess the geniposide exposure level and health risk of the Gardenia consumption population in China.Methods Data on geniposide content in Gardenia jasminoides in China were collected through literature search and special monitoring， incorporating data from the 2019-2022 survey on consumption of food and drug substances in China， and the simple distribution method and probability assessment method were used to obtain the geniposide exposure level and health risk of different populations in China through the consumption of Gardenia jasminoides.Results The consumption rate of gardenia in 9 provinces of China was 10.32%， and the mean value of consumption was 0.36 g，and daily Geniposide consumption of 1.48 g for high consumers Simple distribution assessment showed that the mean exposure of geniposide of the edible population of Gardenia in 9 provinces was 0.29 mg/kg·BW， Exposure to geniposide in high consumers （P95） was 1.28 mg/kg·BW， Among the Gardenia consuming population in 9 provinces， 17.20% of the residents were exposed to geniposide through Gardenia consumption exceeding their tolerable daily intake （TDI， 0.386 mg/kg·BW） of Gardenia glycosides. The daily average exposure of the edible population in He’nan Province was the highest 0.54 mg/kg·BW. The results of the probabilistic assessment showed that 14.70 % of the Gardenia consuming population in China had geniposide exposure exceeding the TDI， posing a potential health risk.Conclusion The risk of exposure to geniposide in China’s Gardenia consuming population is generally low， but there is a health risk in some high consuming population （P95）.