Objective To explore the absorption， distribution， accumulation， and excretion after oral exposure to lanthanum and the effects of lanthanum on the blood element spectrum of rats.Methods 48 female SPF-grade rats were randomly divided into 8 groups with a one-time gavage of 700 mg/kg·BW lanthanum nitrate solution using single oral exposure experiment. And the blood， heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidneys， brain， femur， and fecal of rats were collected and measured by ICP-MS after gavage for 1， 2， 4， 8， 16， 32， 64， and 128 h. Another 48 SPF-grade rats were randomly divided into 4 groups （half male and female）， each group with a control and an experimental group was observed in experimental time-point in repeat oral exposure experiment. The experimental group repeatedly gavage lanthanum nitrate solution containing lanthanum 66 mg/kg·BW， and the control group gavage an equal amount of physiological saline. Then， on the 7^th， 14^th， 21^st and 28^th days， the rats （including the control group and the experimental group） were taken to determine the contents of 44 elements in blood and the contents of lanthanum in liver， kidney， femur， feces and urine by ICP-MS.Results After single oral exposure to lanthanum， lanthanum peaked in blood for 2 h， the elimination half-life was 69.315 h， and the overall clearance rate was 1.733 L/h/kg. Lanthanum was widely distributed in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidneys， brain， and femur with blood， and the level in the femur was the highest （P<0.05）. The levels of lanthanum in the liver and femur increased compared with kidneys after repeated oral exposure to lanthanum for 14， 21， and 28 d （P<0.05）， and the level of lanthanum in fecal of rats was higher than that of urine （P < 0.001）. Compared to the control group， the level of lanthanum increased in the blood of rats （P<0.05）， while there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in calcium， sodium， potassium， magnesium， iron， copper， zinc， selenium， cobalt， molybdenum， lead and arsenic in the blood of rats （P>0.05）.Conclusion In this experiment， lanthanum can be rapidly absorbed into the blood after oral exposure and is widely distributed in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidneys， brain， and femur. After repeat oral exposure to lanthanum， lanthanum is easily deposited in the liver and femur， feces excretion is the main route of elimination， and no effect of lanthanum on the blood element spectrum of rats has been observed.