Objective To provide support and reference for the diagnosis， investigation， laboratory testing， and prevention of toxic mushroom poisoning in Guizhou， an Amanita fuliginea poisoning incident in Bijie， Guizhou Province was investigated.Methods An epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the event. Molecular biology techniques were used to identify suspicious wild mushrooms. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect toxins.Results In this incident， three out of four people who ate wild mushrooms died. According to epidemiological and the experimental results， the mushroom was confirmed as Amanita fuliginea. α-amanitin， β-amanitin， and phallacidin were detected.Conclusion The poisoning incident was caused by the villagers mistakenly eating Amanita fuliginea. It is essential to conduct targeted health education for the prevention and control of toxic mushroom poisoning.