Objective To explore the association of human pesticide and veterinary chemical pollutant residues on hypercholesterolemia based on the principal component analysis （PCA）-Logistic regression model.Methods The data were collected from a survey done in a 2018 to 2019 study on the appropriate physical activity to reduce the risk of nutrition-related chronic disease in overweight adults. A total of 496 adult residents with demographic information， physical measurements， serum pesticides and veterinary chemical pollutants， and blood lipid testing data were selected as the research subjects. Logistic and PCA-Logistic regression analyses were used to establish the models separately to explore the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia. The discrimination ability of the models was evaluated by the area of under curve （AUC）.Results PCA-Logistic regression analysis revealed that pesticide and veterinary chemical pollutant residues， including furaltadone， 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate（EHDPP）， perflurohexane sulfonate（PFHxS）， and 4-chlorophenoxyacetate（4-CPA）， had significant impacts on hypercholesterolemia. The PCA-Logistic regression model showed better distinguishing performance than the ordinary Logistic model （AUC 0.736 vs 0.695）.Conclusion Pesticide and veterinary chemical pollutant residues that include furaltadone， EHDPP， PFHxS， 4-CPA are important risk factors for hypercholesterolemia. PCA-Logistic regression analysis can be effective to explore the association between human pesticide and veterinary chemical pollutant residues and hypercholesterolemia.