Objective To provide experience for the prevention and control of outbreaks， the cause of a foodborne disease outbreak during a temple fair was analyzed， the hazard factors and its source was confirmed.Methods Field epidemiological investigation and descriptive analysis method were carried out to analyze the clinical characteristics， epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors. Case-control study was conducted to identify suspicious foods， and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） was used to evaluate strains homology.Results A total of 32 suspicious cases were collected according to the case definition. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain （87.50%）， diarrhea （78.13%）， fever （75.00%）， dizziness and nausea （71.88%）. It was showed that boiled peanuts with shells was the risk factor （OR=4.000， 95%CI： 1.409-11.354）. There were 7 samples detected with Salmonella in 28 samples， all of which were identified by serotyping as Salmonella abony， with highly homologous by PFGE analysis.Conclusion This incident was an outbreak of foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella abony， and the suspected food was boiled peanuts with shells. The supervision of bulk food sold by mobile stalls in non-urban area should be strengthened， and the monitoring and management of foodborne diseases should be strengthened.