Objective To provide a theoretical reference for early prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in obese and overweight children， the situation and correlation of NAFLD and visceral adiposity index （VAI） of overweight and obese children in Hebi city were analyzed.Methods A total of 243 obese and overweight children were screened from 1013 first-grade children who accepted physical examination at Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Hebi City from May 2020 to May 2021. They were divided into non-NAFLD group and NAFLD group. The basic clinical data， VAI， related blood lipid indexes， and insulin resistance index （HOMD-IR） between the two groups were compared. The correlation between single factors with significant differences and NAFLD were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results Forty-six children with NAFLD were screened from 243 obese and overweight children， accounting for 18.93%. The number of girls， VAI， waist circumference， BMI， HOMA-IR and TG in the NAFLD group were higher than the non-NAFLD group significantly （P<0.05）. The number of boys and HDL-C in the NAFLD group were lower than the non-NAFLD group significantly （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in TC， age and LDL-C between the two groups （P>0.05）. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between HDL-C and NAFLD in obese and overweight children （P<0.05）. TG， HOMA-IR and VAI were significantly positive correlated with NAFLD （P<0.05）. After excluding the confounding factors， binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender， VAI and HOMA-IR in obese and overweight children were significantly related to NAFLD. Among them， larger numbers of boys and increased levels of VAI and HOMA-IR could increase the probability of NAFLD significantly （P<0.05）.Conclusion The occurrence of NAFLD in overweight and obese children in Hebi city is closely and positively related to VAI level. Higher VAI level can significantly increase the risk of NAFLD. Clinical prevention and intervention could be conducted according to their VAI level.