Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Southwest China and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from February to May in 2021 in Southwest China （Yunnan， Guizhou， Sichuan and Chongqing） by convenient sampling to obtain data. The geographical， demographic and sociological factors， health knowledge and behavior factors were collected. The risk factors of high-frequency pickled and smoked products consumption were analyzed by disordered multi classification logistic regression.Results Geographical factor analysis showed that the risk of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Yunnan， Guizhou and rural areas was high. The risk of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Yunnan province were 2.764 times and 2.126 times higher than that in Chongqing respectively. Among the demographic sociological factors， high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products was positively correlated with age and education to a certain extent， and intellectual labor was a protective factor. The most noteworthy factor was the age： the risk of the elderly over 60 years old was the highest， and only 46.70% of the youth aged from 18 had the behavior. In terms of health knowledge and behavior， there was a statistical difference between the knowledge of salt and the consumption of smoked products. The risk of the group with zero correct rate was 1.372 times higher than that of the group with all correct answers. The frequency of drinking alcohol and the risk of pickled and smoked products were basically positively correlated. In the two groups of dependent variables， people who drunk more than three times a week had the highest risk， and the risk of those who never drunk was only 32.10% compared to the drinkers.Conclusion Pickled and smoked products are the characteristic food in Southwest China. Geographical factors， demographic and sociological factors， health knowledge and behavior factors are related to high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products. It is necessary to control the health risks brought by high-frequency eating behaviors， promote targeted health education in Yunnan， Guizhou and rural areas， and elderly and less educated groups， encourage healthy eating behaviors， and promote the “Healthy Southwest Action” of “Healthy China”.