Objective An accurate and rapid method for simultaneous determination of fatty acids and squalene in vegetable oils by gas chromatography was established.Methods The samples were extracted with n-heptane and analyzed by gas chromatograph after saponification and esterification. The fatty acids were quantified by area normalization method， and squalene by external standard method.Results Thirty-seven fatty acids and squalene were well separated， and the qualitative and quantitative results were accurate. Squalene had a good linear relationship in the range of 2-500 mg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Under three addition levels， the recoveries of squalene in the sample were 94.1%-104.6%. The relative standard deviations of squalene samples were 1.03% and 1.24%. The quantitative limits of squalene and fatty acid were 4 mg/kg and 0.0013 g/100 g respectively. The certified reference of peanut oil fatty acid was selected for verification test， the result met the requirements of the certificate， and was consistent with the national standard pretreatment method with the relative error less than 2%.Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable with high throughput， simple pretreatment operation and low energy consumption， which can greatly improve the detection efficiency and reduce the detection cost.