Objective To investigate the current intake and nutrition knowledge of milk and dairy product in high school students in Ya’an， and to provide a basis for nutrition promotion policies in economically underdeveloped areas in China.Methods From August to October in 2020， 3 288 high school students from Ya’an were selected as survey subjects， and completed paper questionnaires under the guidance of investigators.Results The passing rate of high school students’ awareness of milk nutrition knowledge was 21.64%. The milk intake rate of all students in the school was 77.96%， and the insufficient milk intake rate was 88.12%； and the median intake of milk and dairy products was 117.14 g/d. Compared with students’ milk nutrition knowledge level and milk intake under different characteristics， it showed that urban students were higher than rural students， and girls were higher than boys. Moreover， the cognitive level of milk nutrition in grade three was higher than that in other grades， and the high-income families had higher cognitive level than those in low-income families with statistical significance （P<0.05）.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age of students， resident student， mother’s education， nutrition knowledge of milk and families income were independent risk factors for consumption of milk and dairy product［odds ratio（OR）=0.894，95% confidence interval（CI）：0.810~0.987）， OR=0.553， 95%CI∶0.434~0.706，OR=1.289， 95%CI∶1.047~1.587，OR=1.167， 95%CI∶1.112~1.225， OR=1.123， 95%CI∶1.006~1.253］.Conclusion The county’s senior high school students had a low level of knowledge about milk nutrition. Although the milk intake rate was high， the daily intake was obviously insufficient. Elder age， resident students， low level of milk nutrition knowledge， low education level of their mothers and low family’s per capita monthly income was more likely to have insufficient milk intake. The education of milk nutrition and health knowledge should be strengthened for such students to promote milk intake .