Objective The spatial autocorrelation analysis of toadstool poisoning in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2020 was carried out to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the disease.Methods The surveillance data of toadstool poisoning in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed descriptively. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to make vector maps of Jiangxi Province， geoda 1.12 software was used to merge case data with geographic attribute data and performed global spatial autocorrelation analysis and local spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results A total of 938 cases of toadstool poisoning were reported in Jiangxi Province， with an average annual incidence rate of 0.402 2/100 000. The difference was statistically significant in the global autocorrelation analysis from 2016 to 2020. It showed spatial clustering （Moran’s I=0.107 0， P=0.032<0.05）. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis results showed that Poyang county， Xiajiang county and Yugan county were high-high areas. De’an county， Jing’an county， Shangli county and Longnan city were low-low areas； Xinjian districts， Zhangshu City， Pengze County and Hukou County were low-high areas. Nankang district and Donghu district were high-low areas.Conclusion The number of toadstool poisoning cases in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2020 showed that the overall number of cases was spatially clustered. Some areas were key areas. Relevant departments should strengthen targeted prevention and control measures， and accurate science popularization and education was recommended.