Objective To investigate the influencing factors of hyperuricemia （HUA） among children and adolescents， and provide evidences for early intervention.Methods From 2016 to 2017， a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select three urban and rural sites in Chongqing， and some students aged 7~17 years were selected to conduct questionnaires， physical measurements and laboratory tests. Factor analysis was used to analyze dietary patterns. Regression and classification tree models were used to explore the influencing factors of HUA.Results A total of 1 544 students were enrolled in the study. The prevalence rate of HUA was 19.49% which was higher among male and elder students. Four common dietary patterns including meat and vegetable/fruit， snacks， cereal/potato/bean/nut and staple were included in the factor analysis， and the contribution rate to total variance was 42.641%. Scores of each pattern were divided into four ranking （Q1~Q4） from low to high. The results of univariate regression showed that participants with the fourth quartile （Q4） score of meat and vegetable/ fruit pattern had a higher risk of HUA （OR=1.687） compared to those with the first quartile （Q1） score， while the odds ratio was 1.764 in staple pattern； participants with the Q4 score of bean/nut pattern had a lower risk of HUA （OR=0.588） compared to those with Q1 score. After adjusting for confounding factors of monitoring area， gender， age， waist circumference， BMI， blood lipids， blood sugar and physical activity， participants with Q4 score had a lower risk of HUA （OR=0.638）compared to those with Q1 score in cereal/potato and bean/nut pattern. Classification tree model showed that age， gender and BMI level were the main influencing factors of HUA among this group.Conclusion The prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents aged 7~17 years in Chongqing was high. Strong attention should be paid to the incidence of HUA among boys， especially aged 12 years and above， overweight and obese， and the dietary pattern of cereal/potato and bean/nut pattern should be encouraged.