Objective To inspect the pesticide residues in longan samples from 10 cities of Guangdong Province and evaluate the health risk of dietary exposure. These collected data were expected to be useful in regulating the concentration of the pesticide residues, and also in supporting safe consumption of longan fruit. Methods 200 longan samples were collected randomly and 50 kinds of pesticde residues were analyzed. The dietary exposure risk was assessed by risk entropy which based on the statistics of pesticide residues. Results 20 kinds of pesticide residues were found in 84.00%(168/200) of the samples, and carbendazim with detection ratio of 33.00%(66/200) was found to be in the highest frequencies of detected pesticides. Further results showed that 27.50%(55/200) samples contained two or more pesticides. For 20 kinds of pesticides with detectable residues, acceptable daily intake(%ADI) was in the range of 0.00% to 8.56%, which was less than 9.00%. The acute reference dose(%ARfD) was ranged from 0.02% to 70.00%, which was less than 100.00%. These 20 kinds of pesticides were divided into three groups namely high risk group (5), medium risk group (7), and low risk group (8) by considering the residue risk score. Conclusion Chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk of pesticide residues were relatively low in longan from 10 cities of Guangdong Province, and normal consumption of longan would not cause adverse health effects.