Objective To investigate and identify a case caused by mushroom poisoning in May 2019 in Jiangxi Province. Methods The case was studied with the epidemiological information, clinical data, and suspicious mushroom samples were identified by morphological and molecular studies. Results The epidemiological information showed that all the patients had eaten different quantity of mushrooms which were picked and boiled by themselves, the average incubation period was 2.5 hours, and the symptoms of dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, numbness of limbs and so on had existed orderly of the patients. The morphological and molecular studies identified the samples were Amanita sychnopyramis f. subannulata. Conclusion The incident was the first reported case caused by Amanita sychnopyramis f. subannulata in Jiangxi Province. The poisonous mushroom species can be identified combined with epidemiology, morphology and molecular studies. The situation of s mushroom poisoning in Jiangxi Province is still serious and the relevant departments should strengthen prevention and control.